Download or read book Perspectives on Bacterial Flagellar Motor written by Tohru Minamino and published by . This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bacterial flagellum is a supramolecular motility machinery consisting of the basal body acting as a rotary motor, the hook as a universal joint and the filament as a helical propeller. The bacterial flagellar motor composed of a rotor ring and a dozen stators is powered by an electrochemical-potential difference of specific ions across the cytoplasmic membrane and rotates in either the counterclockwise (CCW) or clockwise (CW) direction. A sensory signal transduction pathway regulates the switching between the CCW and CW states of the motor in response to environmental stimuli, allowing bacterial cells to migrate more desirable environments for their survival. The core structure of the bacterial flagellum is conserved among bacterial species. However, recent structural analyses of intact flagellar structures derived from various bacterial species by electron cryotomography and subtomogram averaging have shown that novel and divergent structures surround the core structure, suggesting that the flagellar motors have adapted to function in various environments of the habitat of bacteria. This Special Issue of Biomolecules covers recent advances in our understanding of and perspectives on the flagellar motor derived from different bacterial species.
Download or read book The Bacterial Flagellum written by Tohru Minamino and published by Humana. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the structure and dynamics of the bacterial flagellum using bacterial genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, structural biology, biophysics, cell biology, and molecular dynamics simulation. The chapters are divided into 4 parts: Part I describes flagellar type III protein exports, assembly, and gene regulation in S. enterica; Part II explains how to isolate the flagella from the bacterial cell bodies, and further explains how to conduct high-resolution structural and functional analyses of the flagellar motor; Part III talks about how to measure flagellar motor rotation over a wide range of external load, how to measure ion motive force across the cytoplasmic membrane, and how to measure dynamic properties of the flagellar motor proteins by fluorescence microscopy with single molecule precision; and Part IV explores the structure and function of Spirochetal, Vibrio, Shewanella, and Magnetococcus flagellar motors. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, The Bacterial Flagellum: Methods and Protocols aims to provide valuable and vital research to aid in the investigation of the bacterial flagellum resulting from various bacterial species.
Download or read book Cellular Imaging written by Eric Hanssen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-30 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights important techniques for cellular imaging and covers the basics and applications of electron tomography and related techniques. In addition, it considers practical aspects and broadens the technological focus by incorporating techniques that are only now becoming accessible (e.g. block face imaging). The first part of the book describes the electron microscopy 3D technique available to scientists around the world, allowing them to characterize organelles, cells and tissues. The major emphasis is on new technologies like scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography, though the book also reviews some of the more proven technologies like electron tomography. In turn, the second part is dedicated to the reconstruction of data sets, signal improvement and interpretation
Download or read book Physical Microbiology written by Guillaume Duménil and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-07 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book emerges from the idea that specific physics-inspired approaches are necessary to understand different stage of bacterial physiology and the infections they cause. Many aspects of bacterial life depend on processes typically described by physical laws: The rheology of biofilms is determined by complex cohesive forces. Physical laws of diffusion are essential to all processes of bacterial metabolism. The formation of the numerous bacterial biomacromolecules require complex self-organization processes and their function are powered by potent molecular motors. Host-pathogen interactions during infection frequently occur in environments determined by fluid mechanics. In this book, different chapters represent research at the interface between microbiology and physics. Topics range from intracellular organization to cell-cell interactions. A good part of the book is devoted to mechanical forces, which are involved in the function of elaborate bacterial nanomachines, chromosome segregation, and cell division. The effect of bacterial toxins provides an example of the alteration of cellular membrane properties by bacteria. Symmetrically, histones from mammalian cells alter bacterial membranes as a defense mechanism during infection. The editors of this book, Guillaume Duménil and Sven van Teeffelen, have selected researchers at the forefront of research in physical microbiology to provide the most recent view in this fast-moving field. The contents of this book are designed to be accessible for scientists with training in biology and for scientists with training in physics. The objective is to provide a fresh perspective on microbiology and infection by highlighting recent multidisciplinary research and favor rapid advances at this fruitful interface.
Download or read book Salmonella written by Maria Teresa Mascellino and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the microorganism Salmonella. This bacterium is well known for a long time, being involved in systemic (typhus and paratyphus infections) and nonsystemic diseases such as food poisoning. Major and minor Salmonellae are widespread worldwide in developing countries and industrialized areas, respectively. In 2015, about 3576 Salmonella strains have been isolated from human infections in Italy. S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis are the most prevalent serotypes and represent 80% of cases of infections over the last 10 years. The antibiotic susceptibility decrease over the last decades is a big issue in the management of this bacterium, once considered easy to treat. The use of antibiotic combinations in order to overcome the microorganism resistance should be hoped.
Download or read book Single Molecule Biology written by Alexander E. Knight and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-02-26 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single molecule techniques, including single molecule fluorescence, optical tweezers, and scanning probe microscopy, allow for the manipulation and measurement of single biological molecules within a live cell or in culture. These approaches, amongst the most exciting tools available in biology today, offer powerful new ways to elucidate biological function, both in terms of revealing mechanisms of action on a molecular level as well as tracking the behaviour of molecules in living cells. This book provides the first complete and authoritative treatment of this rapidly emerging field, explicitly from a biological perspective.The contents are organized by biological system or molecule. Each chapter discusses insights that have been revealed about their mechanism, structure or function by single molecule techniques. Among the topics covered are enzymes, motor proteins, membrane channels, DNA, ribozymes, cytoskeletal proteins, and other key molecules of current interest. An introduction by the editor provides a concise review of key principles and an historical overview. The last section discusses applications in molecular diagnostics and drug discovery. Organized by biological system or molecule Each chapter discusses insights into mechanism of action, structure, and function Covers enzymes, motor proteins, membrane channels, DNA, ribozymes, etc Includes an introduction to key principles and an historical overview Discusses applications in molecular diagnostics and drug discovery Provides an expert's perspective on future development
Download or read book Research at the Intersection of the Physical and Life Sciences written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, the natural sciences have been divided into two branches: the biological sciences and the physical sciences. Today, an increasing number of scientists are addressing problems lying at the intersection of the two. These problems are most often biological in nature, but examining them through the lens of the physical sciences can yield exciting results and opportunities. For example, one area producing effective cross-discipline research opportunities centers on the dynamics of systems. Equilibrium, multistability, and stochastic behavior-concepts familiar to physicists and chemists-are now being used to tackle issues associated with living systems such as adaptation, feedback, and emergent behavior. Research at the Intersection of the Physical and Life Sciences discusses how some of the most important scientific and societal challenges can be addressed, at least in part, by collaborative research that lies at the intersection of traditional disciplines, including biology, chemistry, and physics. This book describes how some of the mysteries of the biological world are being addressed using tools and techniques developed in the physical sciences, and identifies five areas of potentially transformative research. Work in these areas would have significant impact in both research and society at large by expanding our understanding of the physical world and by revealing new opportunities for advancing public health, technology, and stewardship of the environment. This book recommends several ways to accelerate such cross-discipline research. Many of these recommendations are directed toward those administering the faculties and resources of our great research institutions-and the stewards of our research funders, making this book an excellent resource for academic and research institutions, scientists, universities, and federal and private funding agencies.
Download or read book Microcosm written by Carl Zimmer and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2008-05-06 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Best Book of the YearSeed Magazine • Granta Magazine • The Plain-DealerIn this fascinating and utterly engaging book, Carl Zimmer traces E. coli's pivotal role in the history of biology, from the discovery of DNA to the latest advances in biotechnology. He reveals the many surprising and alarming parallels between E. coli's life and our own. And he describes how E. coli changes in real time, revealing billions of years of history encoded within its genome. E. coli is also the most engineered species on Earth, and as scientists retool this microbe to produce life-saving drugs and clean fuel, they are discovering just how far the definition of life can be stretched.
Download or read book Current Perspectives on the Functional Design of the Avian Respiratory System written by John N. Maina and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-13 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Birds have and continue to fascinate scientists and the general public. While the avian respiratory system has unremittingly been investigated for nearly five centuries, important aspects on its biology remain cryptic and controversial. In this book, resolving some of the contentious issues, developmental-, structural- and functional aspects of the avian lung-air sac system are particularized: it endeavors to answer following fundamental questions on the biology of birds: how, when and why did birds become what they are? Flight is a unique form of locomotion. It considerably shaped the form and the essence of birds as animals. An exceptionally efficient respiratory system capacitated birds to procure the exceptionally large quantities of oxygen needed for powered (active) flight. Among the extant air-breathing vertebrates, comprising ~11,000 species, birds are the most species-rich-, numerically abundant- and extensively distributed animal taxon. After realizing volancy, they easily overcame geographical obstacles and extensively dispersed into various ecological niches where they underwent remarkable adaptive radiation. While the external morphology of birds is inconceivably uniform for such a considerably speciose taxon, contingent on among other attributes, lifestyle, habitat and phylogenetic level of development have foremost determined the novelties that are displayed by diverse species of birds. Here, critical synthesizes of the most recent findings with the historical ones, evolution and behavior and development, structure and function of the exceptionally elaborate respiratory system of birds are detailed. The prominence of modern birds as a taxon in the Animal Kingdom is underscored. The book should appeal to researchers who are interested in evolutionary processes and how adaptive specializations correlate with biological physiognomies and exigencies, comparative biologists who focus on how various animals have solved respiratory pressures, people who study respiration in birds and other animals and ornithologists who love and enjoy birds for what they are – profoundly interesting animals.
Download or read book Introductory Biophysics written by James R. Claycomb and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2011 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for biology, physics, and medical students, Introductory Biophysics: Perspectives on the Living State, provides a comprehensive overview of the complex subject of biological physics. The companion CD-ROM, with MATLAB examples and the student version of QuickFieldTM, allows the student to perform biophysical simulations and modify the textbook example files. Included in the text are computer simulations of thermodynamics, astrobiology, the response of living cells to external fields, chaos in population dynamics, numerical models of evolution, electrical circuit models of cell suspension, gap junctions, and neuronal action potentials. With this text students will be able to perform biophysical simulations within hours. MATLAB examples include; the Hodgkin Huxley equations; the FitzHugh-Nagumo model of action potentials; fractal structures in biology; chaos in population dynamics; the cellular automaton model (the game of life); pattern formation in reaction-diffusion systems. QuickFieldTM tutorials and examples include; calculation of currents in biological tissue; cells under electrical stimulation; induced membrane potentials; heat transfer and analysis of stress in biomaterials.
Download or read book Biological Information New Perspectives Proceedings Of The Symposium written by John C Sanford and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-06-03 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the spring of 2011, a diverse group of scientists gathered at Cornell University to discuss their research into the nature and origin of biological information. This symposium brought together experts in information theory, computer science, numerical simulation, thermodynamics, evolutionary theory, whole organism biology, developmental biology, molecular biology, genetics, physics, biophysics, mathematics, and linguistics. This volume presents new research by those invited to speak at the conference.The contributors to this volume use their wide-ranging expertise in the area of biological information to bring fresh insights into the many explanatory difficulties associated with biological information. These authors raise major challenges to the conventional scientific wisdom, which attempts to explain all biological information exclusively in terms of the standard mutation/selection paradigm.Several clear themes emerged from these research papers: 1) Information is indispensable to our understanding of what life is; 2) Biological information is more than the material structures that embody it; 3) Conventional chemical and evolutionary mechanisms seem insufficient to fully explain the labyrinth of information that is life. By exploring new perspectives on biological information, this volume seeks to expand, encourage, and enrich research into the nature and origin of biological information.
Download or read book Prokaryotic Metabolism and Physiology written by Byung Hong Kim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensive and up-to-date review of key metabolic processes in bacteria and archaea and how metabolism is regulated under various conditions.
Download or read book Pili and Flagella written by Ken F. Jarrell and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, the first for many years on this important topic, brings together some of the top scientists in the field and describes the current knowledge and latest research on prokaryotic pili and flagella. The emphasis of the chapters is on the molecular
Download or read book Physical Biology of the Cell written by Rob Phillips and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2012-10-29 with total page 1089 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Biology of the Cell is a textbook for a first course in physical biology or biophysics for undergraduate or graduate students. It maps the huge and complex landscape of cell and molecular biology from the distinct perspective of physical biology. As a key organizing principle, the proximity of topics is based on the physical concepts that
Download or read book The Choanoflagellates written by Barry S. C. Leadbeater and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-08 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique account of the biology, ecology and evolution of choanoflagellates - the closest, known, living, unicellular relatives of animals.
Download or read book Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism written by Byung Hong Kim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-21 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent determination of genome sequences for a wide range of bacteria has made in-depth knowledge of prokaryotic metabolic function essential in order to give biochemical, physiological, and ecological meaning to the genomic information. Clearly describing the important metabolic processes that occur in prokaryotes under different conditions and in different environments, this advanced text provides an overview of the key cellular processes that determine bacterial roles in the environment, biotechnology, and human health. Prokaryotic structure is described as well as the means by which nutrients are transported into cells across membranes. Glucose metabolism through glycolysis and the TCA cycle are discussed, as well as other trophic variations found in prokaryotes, including the use of organic compounds, anaerobic fermentation, anaerobic respiratory processes, and photosynthesis. The regulation of metabolism through control of gene expression and control of the activity of enzymes is also covered, as well as survival mechanisms used under starvation conditions.
Download or read book Cell Biology of Bacteria written by Lucy Shapiro and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Often thought to lack signifucant internal organization by comparison with eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes have in face been shown to possess distinct intracellular compartments. The book covers all aspects of prokaryotic cell biology, including the bacterial cytoskeleton, membrance organization, chromosome dynamics, nucleic acid processing and dynamics, as well as various methods.
