Download or read book American National Standard Personnel Neutron Dosimeters neutron Energies Less Than 20 MeV written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neutron Personnel Dosimetry written by Robert B. Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Personnel Neutron Dose Assessment Upgrade written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides guidance on the characteristics, use, and calibration criteria for personnel neutron dosimeters. The report is applicable for neutrons with energies ranging from thermal to less than 20 MeV. Background for general neutron dosimetry requirements is provided, as is relevant federal regulations and other standards. The characteristics of personnel neutron dosimeters are discussed, with particular attention paid to passive neutron dosimetry systems. Two of the systems discussed are used at DOE and DOE-contractor facilities (nuclear track emulsion and thermoluminescent-albedo) and another (the combination TLD/TED) was recently developed. Topics discussed in the field applications of these dosimeters include their theory of operation, their processing, readout, and interpretation, and their advantages and disadvantages for field use. The procedures required for occupational neutron dosimetry are discussed, including radiation monitoring and the wearing of dosimeters, their exchange periods, dose equivalent evaluations, and the documenting of neutron exposures. The coverage of dosimeter testing, maintenance, and calibration includes guidance on the selection of calibration sources, the effects of irradiation geometries, lower limits of detectability, fading, frequency of calibration, spectrometry, and quality control. 49 refs., 6 figs., 8 tabs.
Download or read book Neutron Dosimetry in Radiation Protection written by H. Ing and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Present Status of Neutron Monitoring for Personnel Protection written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Personnel Neutron Dosimetry at Department of Energy Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study assesses the state of personnel neutron dosimetry at DOE facilities. A survey of the personnel dosimetry systems in use at major DOE facilities was conducted, a literature search was made to determine recent advances in neutron dosimetry, and several dosimetry experts were interviewed. It was concluded that personnel neutron dosimeters do not meet current needs and that serious problems exist now and will increase in the future if neutron quality factors are increased and/or dose limits are lowered.
Download or read book The LLNL CR 39 Personnel Neutron Dosimeter written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We developed a personnel neutron dosimetry system based on the electrochemical etching of CR-39 plastic at elevated temperatures. The doses obtained using this dosimeter system are more accurate than those obtained using other dosimetry systems, especially when varied neutron spectra are encountered. This CR-39 dosimetry system does not have the severe energy dependence that exists with albedo neutron dosimeters or the fading and reading problems encountered with NTA film. 3 refs., 4 figs.
Download or read book Intercomparison of High Energy Neutron Personnel Dosimeters written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An intercomparison of high-energy neutron personnel dosimeters was performed to evaluate the uniformity of the response characteristics of typical neutron dosimeters presently in use at US Department of Energy (DOE) accelerator facilities. It was necessary to perform an intercomparison because there are no national or international standards for high-energy neutron dosimetry. The testing that is presently under way for the Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program (DOELAP) is limited to the use of neutron sources that range in energy from about 1 keV to 2 MeV. Therefore, the high-energy neutron dosimeters presently in use at DOE accelerator facilities are not being tested effectively. This intercomparison employed neutrons produced by the 9Be(p, n)9B interaction at the University of Washington cyclotron, using 50-MeV protons. The resulting neutron energy spectrum extended to a maximum of approximately 50-MeV, with a mean energy of about 20-MeV. Intercomparison results for currently used dosimeters, including Nuclear Type A (NTA) film, thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)-albedo, and track-etch dosimeters (TEDs), indicated a wide variation in response to identical doses of high-energy neutrons. Results of this study will be discussed along with a description of plans for future work.
Download or read book Personnel Neutron Dosimetry Area Monitoring Using Solid State Track Recorders written by FH. Ruddy and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personnel neutron dosimeters using a number of different techniques have been developed for routine use in neutron fields, but all of these dosimeters must be carefully corrected to account for the fact that their response is critically dependent upon the energy distribution of the neutron field. At present, personnel neutron dosimeters are typically calibrated in a standard neutron field (e.g., 252Cf or D2O-moderated 252Cf)- but may then be applied in neutron fields that vary considerably from the calibration field. Some widely used personnel dosimeters, such as TLD-albedo dosimeters, overrespond to low energy neutrons and therefore deliver high readings in fields that are more moderated than the standard field.
Download or read book Neutron Dosimetry at Commercial Nuclear Plants written by G. W. R. Endres and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Personnel Neutron Dosimetry Studies at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was conducted to determine the effect of phantom size, shape and composition on the response of an albedo neutron dosimeter. The most important feature was the shape. The dose equivalent rate from a californium neutron source was determined. Ten different dose rates were determined which varied from 2.39 to 3.02 rem/h for the CF source used. (ACR).
Download or read book Personnel neutron dosimeters neutron energies less than 20 MeV written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Second AEC Workshop on Personnel Neutron Dosimetry written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Techniques and Management of Personnel Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Services written by M. Oberhofer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993-10-31 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Commission on Radiological Protection and the Euratom Council directive have specified that workers exposed to ionizing radiation shall be subjected to individual dose monitoring. In the past, individual doses have almost always been monitored by film badge dosimeters, but thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are now coming into widespread use, principally due to the availability of automated readout systems. Techniques and Management of Personnel Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Services gives details of the operation of and experience gained with a number of large-scale TL personnel dosimetry services, with particular attention being paid to the management aspects of such services. For technical and administrative personnel in TLD services, TLD system designers, staff of licensing authorities concerned with dosimetric licensing, students of radiation protection, especially in the area of protection from ionizing radiation. A basic knowledge of atomic and nuclear physics is assumed, and a training in radiation protection or health physics would be an advantage.
Download or read book The Martin Marietta Energy Systems Personnel Neutron Dosimetry Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. (Energy Systems), manages five sites for the US Department of Energy. Personnel dosimetry for four of the five sites is coordinated through a Centralized External Dosimetry System (CEDS). These four sites are the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant (Y-12), the Oak Ridge K-25 Site (K-25), and the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP). The fifth Energy Systems site, Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant, has an independent personnel dosimetry program. The current CEDS personnel neutron dosimeter was first issued in January 1989, after an evaluation and characterization of the dosimeters' response in the workplaces was performed. For the workplace characterization, Energy Systems contracted with Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to perform neutron measurements at selected locations at ORNL and Y-12. K-25 and PGDP were not included because their neutron radiation fields were similar to others already planned for characterization at ORNL and Y-12. Since the initial characterization, PNL has returned to Oak Ridge twice to perform follow up measurements, and another visit is planned in the near future.
Download or read book SEVENTH DOE WORKSHOP ON PERSONNEL NEUTRON DOSIMETRY written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This workshop was the seventh of a series and was held on October 23-24. 1978, at the Central Electricity Generating Board, HQ, London, England. Typically ̃attendees at the Workshop were concerned with one of three activities: studying and refining existing techniques in an attempt to quantify already-known parameters with greater precision, looking for ways to apply existing neutron dosirr:etry techniques to a specific local problem, identifying the needs and weaknesses of existing systems, with the goal of improving and passibly simplifying field measurements. The types of neutron dosimetry techniques discussed by participants included albedo dosimeters, track etch, and TLD. One speaker reported on NTA film, noting that fading could be eliminated by drying the emulsion in dry nitrogen before field use. There were no reports on tissue equivalent proportional counters or activation analysis. One participant discussed a metal oxide silicon dosimeter. The need to develop a consistent standard terminology, as well as calibration sources and techniques, on both the national and international level was evident. The need for standardization is particularly acute in the U.S. Techniques for evaluating dosimeter response in the field should he standardized, since several different instruments with widely different response characteristics are currently being used. The choice of instruments is often parochial. Also. the type and use of phantoms should be standardized. Neutron dose assignment is significantly affected by the position of the dosimeter on the body. for example, a typical albedo dosimeter may give differences of up to 20% depending on whether it is worn on the belt or chest. Larger errors are encountered with front-to-back (angular} orientation. 1n an attempt to minimize such errors ̃at least two European facilities are using neutron dosimeter belts, which provide dosimeters both in front and in back of the wearer. The gamma-to-neutron ratio around nuclear power plants varies significantly. According to actual survey data these ratios range from 40:1 to 1:10 (gamma-toneutron). Although a large fraction of the dose results from neutrons in the 0.1 to 1 MeV energy region, most existing dosimeters 1} do not respond or respond inadequately to this range. or 2} are incapable of determining dose in this interval because of their high overresponse to lower energies, which effectively masks the region of interest.
