Download or read book Persisting in the Pelagic written by Adam Garner Hansen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persisting in the pelagic is not easy. The physical environment of pelagic ecosystems is highly dynamic. Unlike terrestrial systems where habitat complexity is driven by physical structure (e.g., vegetation and terrain), habitat complexity in the pelagic is driven by vertical gradients in light, turbidity, temperature, and oxygen. All of these factors change over time, and can mediate predator-prey interactions given ontogenetic or asymmetric responses of predators and prey to diel and seasonal changes in these factors. Additionally, pelagic predators and prey rely primarily on vision for feeding. Therefore, changes in photic conditions (light and turbidity) in particular can have a strong impact on the structure of predator-prey interactions. Yet, it remains unclear how habitat heterogeneity over different dimensions of time and space interacts with perception, behavior, and physiological tolerance to mediate the foraging success of predators and predation risk for prey in pelagic ecosystems. Pelagic environments are not static. They will change given continued human-induced alterations to the landscape, shifts in climate, and unanticipated introductions of nonnative predators and prey. Knowing how the pelagic foraging-risk environment changes in response to shifts in physical habitat over many different temporal-spatial scales should improve predictions regarding how aquatic food webs will respond to different perturbations. For my dissertation I addressed the following series of questions: 1) how do light and turbidity effect the visual prey detection responses of pelagic planktivores and piscivores, and do the consumer groups differ?, 2) how does natural variation in photic conditions (diel and seasonal light regimes at different latitudes and turbidity) shape the foraging-risk environment for visually-feeding planktivores and piscivores in pelagic ecosystems?, 3) in addition to photic conditions, how do seasonal shifts in the thermal environment shape the foraging-risk environment for pelagic planktivores and piscivores?, and 4) do fluctuations in the abundance, distribution, visual detectability, and vulnerability to predation of different prey groups alter the diet selection of piscivores and relative predation risk for planktivores in diverse pelagic communities? To address the first question, I conducted a series of controlled laboratory experiments and measured light- and turbidity-dependent reaction distances by piscivores. To address the remaining questions, I linked individual-based, mechanistic models (visual foraging and bioenergetics models) that capture important fine-scale behavioral and physiological processes with empirical data on physical habitat, predator diet, movement, and distribution (from netting, ultrasonic telemetry, and hydroacoustics) to estimate changes in feeding rates for piscivores and planktivores and predation risk for planktivores over time and space. First, reaction distance responded asymptotically with increasing light, but declined quickly with increasing turbidity for both planktivores and piscivores. The maximum reaction distance for piscivores was 5-6 fold greater than for planktivores, but planktivores achieved their maximum reaction distance at a much lower light level, and the decline in reaction distance with turbidity was much steeper for piscivores. Second, based on these asymmetric visual prey detection responses, the foraging-risk environment for pelagic planktivores and piscivores changed considerably in systematic ways with changes in diel patterns of illuminance along a broad latitudinal gradient and to increases in turbidity. These changes have different implications for the structure of pelagic predator-prey interactions over a broad latitudinal gradient. Third, like shifts in photic conditions, seasonal shifts in the thermal environment also mediated the foraging success of piscivores and predation risk for planktivores. Here, periods of environmental stress (i.e., high temperature and low dissolved oxygen) greatly reduced both the foraging success of piscivores and predation risk for planktivores by creating thermal refugia for the planktivores. Lastly, the nature of the feeding selectivity (random or opportunistic versus non-random or targeted) of visually-oriented piscivores was highly dependent on fluctuations in the abundance and susceptibility of key prey to visual detection and capture. Results suggested that pelagic piscivores are flexible predators, and can adapt their feeding behavior to take advantage of large influxes of highly catchable prey. Overall, by observing through the eyes of pelagic predators and prey, my results show that the foraging-risk environment for piscivores and planktivores can look very different as physical habitat changes over many different dimensions of time and space.
Download or read book Biodegradation and Persistence written by B. Beek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-09-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodegradation is a key phenomen among environmental processes. Low degradation rates lead to the persistence of chemicals in the environment and, as a consequence, to delayed or long-term effects, which may be even unknown by now. In this volume the editor has pulled together the newest results of research in biodegradation and persistence of potential environmentally harmful substances and the complex process involved. The main focus is on the microbial degradation, the evolution and predictability of the respective pathways and their impact on bioremediation. Additional chapters deal with sewage treatment plants, the impact of toxicants on impaired biodegradation, and with the need of a more realistic view on fate and behaviour of chemicals in the environment.
Download or read book Pelagic Sediments written by Kenneth J. Hsü and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-15 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first IAS Special Publication contains the oral presentations from a special symposium on pelagic sediments held in Zurich in 1973. The aim of the symposium was to bring together sea-borne researchers involved with the Deep Sea Drilling Project and land-locked researchers studying ancient sediments. If you are a member of the International Association of Sedimentologists, for purchasing details, please see: http://www.iasnet.org/publications/details.asp?code=SP1
Download or read book Jurassic Sedimentary Evolution and Nappe Emplacement in the Argolis Peninsula Peloponnesus Greece written by Peter O. Baumgartner and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die mesozoisch-tertiaren Serien der Argolis-Halbinsel sind In der externen Adhami-Basalsequenz wird die Radiolarit in ein mehrphasiges Deckengebaude einbezogen, in dem sich Formation von Ophiolith fUhrenden lithischen Kalkareni zwei tertiar-tektonische {laquo}Composite Units{raquo} und die Akros ten und schliesslich von groben, mehrere 100 m machtigen Decke unterscheiden lassen. Beide {laquo}Composite Units{raquo} set Hornstein-Kalk-Breccien iiberlagert (Kandhia Breccia). Die zen sich aus einer Basalsequenz und im Spat jura darauf Komponenten stammen hauptsachlich aus der tektonisch iiberschobenen Deckeneinheiten zusammen. Die Adhami auflagernden Asklipion-Decke. Die Kandhia-Breccie er {laquo}Composite Unit{raquo} als externe und die Dhidhimi-Trapezona brachte Radiolarienfaunen des Tithonian. {laquo}Composite Unit{raquo} als interne Einheit unterscheiden sich Die Asklipion-Decke umfasst eine Tiefwasserserie, begin durch eine zeitlich und faziell verschiedene oberjurassische nend mit untertriadischen sauren Vulkaniten, gefolgt von klastische Faziesentwicklung in der Basalsequenz wie auch bis zu 1000 m machtigen Hornstein-Plattenkalken, die sich durch einen verschiedenen Gesteinsinhalt der iiberlagernden bis in den Lias fortsetzen. Diese Serie wird ebenfalls von, spat jurassischen Decken. Die Entwicklung von Plattform hier mitteI- bis oberjurassischen Radiolariten (Koliaki zu peJagischer Sedimentation erfolgte in beiden Basal Chert) und einer Ophiolith-Klasten fUhrenden, zunehmend sequenzen zunachst auf ahnliche Weise: Obertriadische bis grobkornigeren klastischen Serie iiberlagert. Die mittel-/ mittelliasische Flachwasserkalke (Pantokrator-Kalk) wer obertriadischen Asklipion-Kalke treten als verkehrt liegende den im ganzen Gebiet von pelagischen Kalken iiberlagert.
Download or read book Programmatic Supplemental EIS for Alaska Groundfish Fisheries Implemented Under the Authority of the Fishery Management Plans for the Groundfish Fishery of the Gulf of Alaska and the Groundfish of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Area written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fishery Management Plan for Pelagic Fisheries of the Western Pacific Region written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Our Common Shores Our Common Challenge written by David George Shaw and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Ecology and Evolution written by John C. Avise and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a reprinted collection of 69 ?classics? from the Avise laboratory, chosen to illustrate a trademark brand of research that harnesses molecular markers to scientific studies of natural history and evolution in the wild. Spanning the early 1970s through the late 2000s, these articles trace how the author and his colleagues have used molecular genetics techniques to address multifarious conceptual topics in genetics, ecology, and evolution, in a fascinating menagerie of creatures with oft-peculiar lifestyles. The organisms described in this volume range from blind cavefish to male-pregnant pipefishes and sea spiders, from clonal armadillos to natal-homing marine turtles, from hermaphroditic sea snails to hybridizing monkeys and tree frogs, from clonal marine sponges to pseudohermaphroditic mollusks to introgressing oysters, and from endangered pocket gophers, terrapins, and sparrows to unisexual (all-female) fish species to ?living-fossil? horseshoe crabs, and even to a strange little fish that routinely mates with itself. The conceptual and molecular topics addressed in this volume are also universal, ranging from punctuated equilibrium to coalescent theory to the need for greater standardization in taxonomy, from cytonuclear disequilibrium statistics to the ideas of speciation duration and sympatric speciation, from historical population demography to phylogenetic reconstructions of males' sexual ornaments, from the population genetic consequences of inbreeding to Pleistocene effects on phylogeography, and from the molecular underpinnings of null alleles to the notion of clustered mutations that arise in groups to compelling empirical evidence for the unanticipated processes of gene conversion and concerted evolution in animal mitochondrial DNA. Overall, this collection includes many of the best, most influential, sometimes controversial, occasionally provocative, always intriguing, or otherwise entertaining publications to have emerged from the Avise laboratory over the last four decades. Thus, this book conveys, through the eyes of one of the field's longstanding pioneers, what ?the organismal side? of molecular ecology and evolution really means.
Download or read book The Earth in Transition written by G. M. Woodwell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A group of outstanding environmental scientists has compiled a collection of case studies that illustrate the changes being wrought on the biosphere by the human presence.
Download or read book Food Webs MPB 50 written by Kevin S. McCann and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book synthesizes and reconciles modern and classical perspectives into a general unified theory.
Download or read book The Biology of the Deep Ocean written by Peter Herring and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Erratum: Table 11.1 on page 241 has been mis-set. The entries for the phyla Annelida, Bryozoa, Cnidaria, Echiura, Mollusca, Placozoa, Porifera and Rotifera should all be moved one column to the right. The deep sea environment is the most extensive on our planet. Its denizens are normally unseen but whenever they are exposed to view they are regarded as bizarre aliens from a different world. The Biology of the Deep Ocean takes a close look at this apparently hostile world and explains how its inhabitants are exquisitely adapted to survive and flourish within it.
Download or read book New Perspectives in Benthic Pelagic Coupling in Marine and Transitional Coastal Areas written by Tamara Cibic and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-06 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Reviews written by United States. Office of Naval Research and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Formation Persistence and Consequences of Pelagic Oxyclines in Lakes written by Julika Weck and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Persistent Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems written by Colin H. Walker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume from the SETAC (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry) Special Publications Series examines the phenomenon of persistent pollutants in the seas and oceans. Unlike the highly visible and obvious effects caused by oil, certain chemicals have unseen but long-term and far-reaching effects on the marine ecosystem. They often have long half-lives, are carried great distances and pass easily through the food chain from prey to predator. The behaviour and effects of these persistent pollutants on each type of marine animal (invertebrates, vertebrates, fish, mammals and fish-eating birds) are described. A final overview draws the observations and conclusions together presenting a work that provides a foundation for understanding the behaviour of persistent pollutants in the marine environment.
Download or read book Seabird Interaction Mitigation Methods and Pelagic Squid Fishery Management Under the Fishery Management Plan Pelagics Fisheries of the Western Pacific Region and the High Seas Fishing Compliance Act written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
