Download or read book Performance of Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Cover Subsurface Barrier and Basal Liner Applications written by Mohamed Said Hussein Hosney and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 1730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) as (i) covers for arsenic-rich gold mine tailings and landfills, (ii) subsurface barrier for migration of hydrocarbons in the Arctic, and (iii) basal liner for sewage treatment lagoons were examined. After 4 years in field and laboratory experiments, it was found that best cover configuration above gold mine tailings might include a layer of GCL product with polymer-enhanced bentonite and a geofilm-coated carrier geotextile serving above the tailings under [greater than or equal to] 0.7 m overburden. However, acceptable performance could be achieved with using a standard GCL with untreated bentonite provided that there is a minimum of 0.7 m of cover soil above the GCL. When GCL samples were exhumed from experimental landfill test cover with complete replacement of sodium in the bentonite with divalent cations in the adjacent soil, it was observed that the (i) hydraulic head across the GCLs, (ii) size of the needle-punched bundles, and (iii) structure of the bentonite can all significantly affect the value of the inferred in-situ hydraulic conductivity measured at the laboratory. The higher the hydraulic head and the larger the size of the needle-punched bundles, the higher the likelihood of internal erosion/structural change of bentonite at bundles that will cause a preferential flow for liquids to occur. A key practical implication was that GCLs can perform effectively as a single hydraulic barrier in covers provided that the water head above the GCL kept low. The hydraulic performance of a GCL in the Arctic was most affected by the location within the soil profile relative to the typical groundwater level with the highest increase in the hydraulic conductivity (by 1-4 orders of magnitude) for GCL below the water table. However, because the head required for jet fuel to pass through the GCL was higher than that present under field conditions, there was no evidence of jet fuel leakage through the barrier system. The leakage through GCLs below concrete lined sewage treatment lagoons was within acceptable limits, in large part, due to the low interface transmissivity between GCLs and the overlying poured concrete.

Download or read book Clay Geosynthetic Barriers written by H. Zanzinger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay geosynthetic barriers are most frequently used in environmental areas, such as landfill cover systems. This work discusses the durability and lifetime aspects of clay geosynthetic barriers related to the synthetic yarns and fibres.

Download or read book Investigation of the Behavior of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Subjected to Thermal Gradients in Basal Liner Applications written by JM. Southen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composite liners comprised of geomembranes and geosynthetic clay liners can be an effective means of minimizing fluid flow and associated groundwater contamination from municipal solid waste landfills. There remains uncertainty, however, regarding the long-term performance of such systems under conditions of elevated temperature that may occur at the base of landfills attributable to exothermic waste degradation processes. The heat generated by these processes may lead to the development of a thermal gradient through the lining system that creates a risk of desiccation within the uppermost portion of the subsoil and the geosynthetic clay liner itself. To investigate this issue, a series of small-scale laboratory experiments were developed in an effort to simulate the hydraulic and thermal conditions existing at the base of a landfill. This paper presents the results of investigations into the influence of various parameters on the behavior of a composite liner. The distribution of temperature and water content over time is discussed, as well as potential impacts on the performance of the geosynthetic clay liner.

Download or read book Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Alkaline Environments written by JA. McKelvey and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) as secondary barrier layers in environmental applications such as landfills and other impoundment facilities is becoming increasingly more popular among the engineering community, particularly at project sites where earthen materials suitable for barrier layers may not be locally available. Design engineers for these environmental applications are becoming well versed at performing equivalency calculations comparing the performance of geosynthetic materials to their earthen counterparts. For barrier layers, these equivalency calculations would normally compare the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the GCL to a compacted clay liner. Of these properties, the ability of the hydraulic properties to withstand degradation due to permeation of contained leachates is of prominent concern. Such is the case in alkaline environments. The leachate may adversely affect the GCL by minimizing swelling, decreasing adsorption capacity and increasing the permeability of the material. If the effect on the material is significant, the usefulness of this product is diminished, possibly voiding any equivalency comparison to compacted clay liner performance. The design engineer must fully understand what effect, if any, specific leachates will have on the GCL being considered. Accordingly, appropriate performance testing with the leachate in question must be performed during the design phase and confirmed during construction through quality assurance testing.

Download or read book Field Performance of a Geosynthetic Clay Liner GCL Used as the Hydraulic Barrier Layer in a Landfill Cover in Southwestern Wisconsin written by Patricia Ann Thorstad and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Geosynthetic Clay Liner Technology written by Robert E. Mackey and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2004 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soon after the inception of ASTM D35.04 Subcommittee on Geosynthetic Clay Liners, the first symposium on Testing and Acceptance Criteria for Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs), STP 1308, was held on 29 January 1996, in Atlanta, Georgia. The intention of the symposium was to bring together the current knowledge and understanding regarding this relatively new product used in containment systems. Since that symposium, numerous GCL standards have been developed along with a greater appreciation of the product's capabilities and limitations. ASTM D35 determined it was time to assess the current state of GCL technology to better address possible revisions of the present ASTM GCL standards and determine what new standards will be required in the future.

Download or read book Geosynthetic Clay Liners written by Erwin Gartung and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text, based on an international symposium held in 1994, covers geosynthetic clay liners (GCL), a type of geosynthetic material which blends natural soil and geosynthetics in the form of a composite barrier-system. Environmental applications have been a major use of GCL.

Download or read book Geosynthetic Clay Liners for Waste Containment Facilities written by Abdelmalek Bouazza and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly stringent regulation of pollution and waste production worldwide drives the need to isolate contaminants that pose a threat to human and environmental health by using engineered barrier systems involving the use of low permeable materials. Over the past two decades, geosynthetic clay liners have gained widespread acceptance for use in such barrier systems. They are often used as a component of primary and secondary base liners or final cover systems in municipal solid-waste landfills as well as in regulated industrial storage and mining waste-disposal facilities. This book gives a comprehensive and authoritative review of the current state of practice on geosynthetic clay liners in waste containments. It provides an insight into individual materials (bentonite and the associated geosynthetics) and the manufacturing processes. This is followed by the coverage of important topics such as hydraulic conductivity, chemical compatibility, contaminant transport, gas migration, shear strength and slope stability, and field performance.

Download or read book Performance of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Used in Two Landfill Closures in a Coastal Area of Florida written by JT. Olsta and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landfill caps may present GCLs with one of the most difficult environmental conditions in which to perform. The low confining pressure of the cover soil allows for greater separation of the sodium montmorillonite platelets. The GCL is more susceptible to ion exchange at these low confining pressures. Coastal areas of Florida have a greater potential for the presence of calcium within the sandy soil cover placed over the GCL to function as a drainage layer and protective cover. This combination of low confining pressure and the presence of calcium carbonate may increase the hydraulic conductivity of the GCL over time. This paper will detail an investigation of a 5 year old plus GCL barrier layer within two landfill closures for a coastal Florida county and determine if any changes in properties of the bentonite/GCLs have occurred. The samples were tested for hydraulic conductivity, fluid loss, swell index, and ion content. The samples were also inspected for root penetration. Samples of the soils placed above and below the GCL were also analyzed for ion content and bentonite compatibility.

Download or read book Investigation of Hydraulic Performance of Geosynthetic Clay Liner written by Mohammad Abul Fazal and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Long term Performance of Geosynthetic Liner Materials in Low level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-level radioactive waste (LLW) disposal facilities employ geosynthetic liner materials [e.g., high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane (GM) and geosynthetic clay liner (GCL)] in multilayer barrier systems to control the flux of contaminants into the environment. Long-term durability of geosynthetics in contact with LLW leachate is of particular importance because the design life of LLW barrier systems is commonly 1000 yr. This study focused on antioxidant depletion in 2-mm-thick HDPE GM immersed in synthetic radioactive leachate (RSL) with chemistry representative of leachate in LLW disposal facilities operated by the U.S. Department of Energy's environmental restoration programs. HDPE GMs were immersed in RSL at elevated temperature (25, 50, 70, and 90 °C), and antioxidant depletion rates were measured by oxidation induction time. Based on Arrhenius modeling, results demonstrate that antioxidant depletion time in 2-mm-thick HDPE GM is approximately 649 yr if correlated to an average field temperature of 15 °C. In separate experimentation, the radiation (e.g., alpha and beta) from LLW leachate had a negligible effect on antioxidant depletion in HDPE GM due to low dosage (2.3 Gy) over the 1000-yr service life and the surface effect of alpha and beta radiation on GM. This study also evaluated hydraulic conductivity of two conventional sodium-bentonite (CS and GS) and six polymer-bentonite (CPL, GPL, GPM, CPM, GPH, and BPC) GCLs permeated with RSL. In situ conditions were simulated with an elevated stress level to mimic a waste body mass and prehydration of GCLs from subgrade soil. For the CS, GS, CPL, GPL, and GPM GCLs, the hydraulic conductivity permeated with RSL gradually increased by a factor of 5-25 times, with final hydraulic conductivities ranging from 1.3 x 10-10 to 7.5 x 10-10 m/s at 20 kPa effective stress. In contrast, hydraulic conductivity of the CPM, GPH, and BPC GCLs were very low to RSL ([approx. equal to] 3 x 10-12 to 8 x 10-12 m/s) due to polymer hydrogel blocking. Increasing the confining stress from 20 kPa to 450 kPa reduced the hydraulic conductivity of CS GCL by approximately two orders of magnitude and eliminated preferential flow for CS GCL hydrated on a subgrade prior to permeation.

Download or read book Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Waste Containment Barriers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-08-22 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: President Carter's 1980 declaration of a state of emergency at Love Canal, New York, recognized that residents' health had been affected by nearby chemical waste sites. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, enacted in 1976, ushered in a new era of waste management disposal designed to protect the public from harm. It required that modern waste containment systems use "engineered" barriers designed to isolate hazardous and toxic wastes and prevent them from seeping into the environment. These containment systems are now employed at thousands of waste sites around the United States, and their effectiveness must be continually monitored. Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Waste Containment Barriers assesses the performance of waste containment barriers to date. Existing data suggest that waste containment systems with liners and covers, when constructed and maintained in accordance with current regulations, are performing well thus far. However, they have not been in existence long enough to assess long-term (postclosure) performance, which may extend for hundreds of years. The book makes recommendations on how to improve future assessments and increase confidence in predictions of barrier system performance which will be of interest to policy makers, environmental interest groups, industrial waste producers, and industrial waste management industry.

Download or read book Geosynthetic Clay Liners Shrinkage Under Simulated Daily Thermal Cycles written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geosynthetic clay liners are used as part of composite liner systems in municipal solid waste landfills and other applications to restrict the escape of contaminants into the surrounding environment. This is attainable provided that the geosynthetic clay liner panels continuously cover the subsoil. Previous case histories, however, have shown that some geosynthetic clay liner panels are prone to significant shrinkage and separation when an overlying geomembrane is exposed to solar radiation. Experimental models were initiated to evaluate the potential shrinkage of different geosynthetic clay liner products placed over sand and clay subsoils, subjected to simulated daily thermal cycles (60°C for 8 hours and 22°C for 16 hours) modelling field conditions in which the liner is exposed to solar radiation. The variation of geosynthetic clay liner shrinkage was evaluated at specified times by a photogrammetry technique. The manufacturing techniques, the initial moisture content, and the aspect ratio (ratio of length to width) of the geosynthetic clay liner were found to considerably affect the shrinkage of geosynthetic clay liners. The particle size distribution of the subsoil and the associated suction at the geosynthetic clay liner–subsoil interface was also found to have significant effects on the shrinkage of the geosynthetic clay liner.

Download or read book Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal written by D.E. Daniel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth scientists and geotechnical engineers are increasingly challenged to solve environmental problems related to waste disposal facilities and cleanup of contaminated sites. The effort has given rise to a new discipline of specialists in the field of environmental geotechnology. To be effective, environmental geotechnologists must not only be armed with the traditional knowledge of fields such as geology and civil engineering, but also be knowledgeable of principles of hydrogeology, chemistry, and biological processes. In addition, the environmental geotechnologist must be completely up to date on the often complex cadre of local and national regulations, must comprehend the often complex legal issues and sometimes mind-boggling financial impli cations of a project, and must be able to communicate effectively with a host of other technical specialists, regulatory officials, attorneys, local land owners, journalists, and others. The field of environmental geo technology will no doubt continue to offer unique challenges. The purpose of this book is to summarize the current state of practice in the field of environmental geotechnology. Part One covers broadly applicable principles such as hydrogeology, geochemistry, and con taminant transport in soil and rock. Part Two describes in detail the underlying principles for design and construction of new waste disposal facilities. Part Three covers techniques for site remediation. Finally, Part Four addresses the methodologies for monitoring. The topics of 'waste disposal' and 'site remediation' are extra ordinarily broad.

Download or read book Geosynthetics in Civil Engineering written by R W Sarsby and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2006-12-22 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geosynthetics are man-made polymer-based materials which facilitate cost effective building, environmental, transportation and other construction projects. Given their versatility, geosynthetics are a vital material in all aspects of civil engineering. The first section of the book covers the fundamentals of geosynthetics. Chapters discuss the design and durability of geosynthetics together with their material properties and international standards governing their use. Building on these foundations, part two examines the various applications of geosynthetics in areas such as filters, separators, landfills, barriers and foundation materials. The book concludes by reviewing methods of quality assurance and the service life of geosynthetics. Written by an international team of contributors, Geosynthetics in civil engineering is an essential reference to all those involved in civil engineering. Discusses the fundamentals of geosynthetics Examines various applications in areas such as filters, separators, landfills and foundation materials Reviews quality assurance and the service life of geosynthetics

Download or read book Geotechnical Aspects of Landfill Design and Construction written by Xuede Qian and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on actual, state-of-the-art design/construction procedures as opposed to a discussion of solid waste management issues and to general descriptions and/or conceptual designs. Provides an integrated package of analytical tools, design equations, and step-by-step construction procedures for all elements of a landfill, giving the reader a better sense of the necessary site investigation, planning, analysis, and organization that go into a landfill design and construction project.The characteristics of landfill containment envelopes and their design/construction are treated in detail. Physico-chemical and engineering properties of solid waste that are relevant and important to landfill design and construction are tabulated and described. Includes explanation of how to evaluate and assess potential problems that affect landfill performance such as sideslope stability, settlement, containment effectiveness, and erosion control. Discusses vertical landfill expansion; how leachate moves across a liner or barrier under both advection and diffusion; compares the containment effectiveness of different liner systems to the combined advective-diffusive transport of dissolved leachate solutes. Includes a detailed explanation with numerical examples and calculations of how to design a gas collection and piping system in a landfill—including the collection and handling of condensate in the gas. Detailed installation and inspection guidelines are provided for both earthen and geosynthetic liner/cover systems—comparing the relative advantages and limitations of each. For professional training courses in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.

Download or read book Design Construction and Evaluation of Clay Liners for Waste Management Facilities written by L. J. Goldman and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: