Download or read book Performance of Bridge Deck Overlays in Virginia Phase II Service Life Performance written by Soundar S. G. Balakumaran and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overlaying bridge decks has remained one of the best rehabilitation methods to extend their service life, and the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) has been a leader in the use of bridge deck overlays. Although VDOT has extensive experience in overlays, the long-term performance of overlays has not been entirely understood. One of the biggest challenges for studying the performance of overlays is that only minimal information is available in bridge inventory and inspection records. This limits any scientific assessment of this system. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a strong framework for the understanding of the long-term performance of overlays and the factors affecting them. This Phase II report reports on an extensive data collection process that led to the development of a robust database of 133 overlaid bridge decks after verification of historical inspection reports, verification of as-built plans and communication with VDOT district bridge engineers. This helped in developing a model for understanding the amount of time it takes for bridge decks to require the first major rehabilitation and the major factors influencing the durability. A database of information about overlays that were replaced at the end of their functional service life was compiled. This helped develop a multiple regression model for understanding the factors that affected the durability of overlays. Survival analyses were conducted to estimate the service life of overlays and corresponding risk. As a preventive method, epoxy concrete (EC) overlays were predicted to serve an average of 20.9 years, with 18 to 22 years at a 95 percent confidence level. As a rehabilitative method, rigid concrete overlays were predicted to serve an average of 25.9 years, with 21 to 32 years at a 95 percent confidence level. The recent trend of preferred overlay types has been identified as EC and very-early- strength latex-modified concrete (VELMC) overlays. EC overlays have proven to be one of the better performing overlays through extensive VDOT experience. VELMC overlays are an improvement upon latex-modified concrete overlays by vastly reducing the time of construction and thus become more suitable for decreased construction time, reduced traffic disruption, and lessened worker exposure to the field environment. An important discovery was the identification of the influence of the degree of deck damage prior to overlaying on the service life of overlays. Preventive EC overlays should be used in a preventive sense, as the name suggests. If preventive EC overlays are installed on bridge decks with spalls, patches, or delaminations, irrespective of the amount of damage, an increased rate of deterioration in the overlays is likely to follow. The future performance of rehabilitative overlays such as latex-modified concrete, silica fume, and VELMC overlays will not be influenced by the presence of bridge deck damage prior to overlaying. This might be because of the removal of deteriorated concrete before these rigid overlays are constructed. This emphasizes the importance of proper removal of poor quality concrete from bridge decks before overlaying during rehabilitation.

Download or read book Performance of Bridge Deck Overlays in Virginia Phase I State of Overlays written by Soundar S. G. Balakumaran and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maintaining the existing transportation infrastructure is a major concern of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). The increased user travel costs, safety concerns, and financial burdens involved in replacing deteriorating decks are reasons for finding appropriate rehabilitation actions that can safely extend the service life of structures. Virginia has been a leader in employing overlays as a rehabilitation method for bridge decks. VDOT's Manual of the Structure and Bridge Division contains guidance for the decision-making process related to maintenance and repair of structures. Yet there is a need to update the guidelines based on contemporary experience and the knowledge gained through technological advances. This report presents and discusses the preliminary findings of Phase I of a multi-phase study to determine the performance of bridge deck overlays in Virginia. Phase I focused on obtaining information regarding the experiences of VDOT's nine districts with regard to their use of different kinds of overlays and the factors that influence which overlays are used. In addition, VDOT's bridge inventory was analyzed to gain an understanding of the types of overlay systems used in Virginia. The overlay types identified to be the most commonly used by the nine VDOT districts were latex-modified concrete, epoxy concrete, silica fume concrete, very-early-strength latex-modified concrete, and hot-mix asphalt concrete with a water-resistant membrane. From interviews, wide ranges in service life, even for the same overlay type, were found in every VDOT district. The performance of overlays, irrespective of the type, was highly dependent on the construction workmanship and the attention paid to the crucial details. Another commonly observed influential factor was the degree of deck damage (i.e., deterioration) that existed when the overlay was installed; the higher the pre-overlay deck damage, the worse the performance of the overlay. The study recommends that a Phase II study be conducted that will involve an investigation of the overlays for bridges in VDOT's bridge inventory, including a review of inspection reports and a field survey of a selected number of bridge decks. The study further recommends that factors identified in the Phase I study, such as age of overlays, traffic volume, and salt usage, be taken into account when the bridges are selected. The results will support appropriate modifications to the bridge maintenance guidelines as they pertain to deck overlays in VDOT's Manual of the Structure and Bridge Division.

Download or read book Performance and Service Life of Low slump concrete Bridge Deck Overlays in New York written by William P. Chamberlin and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifty randomly selected concrete bridge decks in New York State, overlaid with low-slump concrete, were studied in 1985 after an average of 5 years of service. The investigation included recording surface defects, measuring delamination and half-cell potentials, and sampling and testing for deck chloride profile. Conclusions are drawn with regard to the nature and significance of the observed damage, and estimates are made of service life expectancy. Policy implications for the New York State Department of Transportation are discussed.

Download or read book Performance of Bridge Deck Concrete Overlays written by K. Babaei and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper documents performance of twelve concrete bridge decks in Washington State that were rehabilitated and/or protected with latex-modified concrete and low-slump dense concrete overlays in order to prevent further deicing salt penetration and concrete deterioration caused by reinforcing steel corrosion. An evaluation is made of the factors that have affected the serviceability of those overlaid bridge decks, and recommendations are made based on that evaluation for the design and construction of concrete overlays in order to improve bridge deck performance and to extend bridge deck service life. The factors evaluated are overlay freeze-thaw scaling, surface wear and skid resistance, surface cracking, bond with the underlying deck, chloride and water intrusion, and finally the concrete overlay's ability to retard continued reinforcing steel corrosion and corresponding concrete deterioration.

Download or read book Latex Modified Concrete Bridge Deck Overlays field Performance Analysis Main report written by Alfred G. Bishara and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bridge Deck Performance in Virginia written by James Davis and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most comprehensive programs for the evaluation and definition of the performance of concrete in bridge decks was that undertaken cooperatively by the Portland Cement Association, the Bureau of Public Roads, and eight states distributed throughout the United States. Detailed studies of a few bridges were made in four states and surveys were made on from 100 to 150 bridges in each of eight states, including Virginia, and these were reported. The Research Council's special study of the bridge deck concrete included observation of construction and sampling on 17 structures distributed throughout the state with the exception of the easternmost (Suffolk) and westernmost (Bristol) highway construction districts. These decks were constructed during the spring and summer of 1963 under specifications, subsequently upgraded, that were adjudged to produce concrete of "borderline" performance in bridge decks. These decks had been under traffic for six winters. Because of the similarity of the objectives of the two studies it was deemed desirable to include during the survey of the 17 bridges of the Research Council's project a resurvey of the structures included in the PCA-BPR survey last inspected in 1961.

Download or read book Performance of Concrete Bridge Deck Overlays written by Chris Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chloride-ions penetrating into bridge decks and corroding the steel have been a major problem. As the steel corrodes it exerts stresses on the surrounding concrete. When the stresses exceed the strength of the concrete, cracks or delaminations occur. This, of course, causes deterioration and spalling of bridge deck surfaces. Both the Latex and Iowa Method were used to repair bridge decks for this project. The concrete was removed down to the steel and replaced with approximately 1 1/2 inches of low slump or latex modified concrete. The removal of unsound concrete below the top layer of steel was sometimes necessary. The objective of this project was to determine if the bridge overlays would provide a cost effective method of rehabilitation. To do this, unsound and delaminated concrete was removed and replaced by an overlay of low slump or latex modified concrete.

Download or read book Evaluation of the Construction and Performance of Polymer Concrete Overlays on Five Bridges written by Michael M. Sprinkel and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The installation of thin polymer concrete overlays on five bridges on I-85 near Williamsburg, Virginia, has demonstrated that an overlay of low permeability and high skid resistance can be successfully installed by a contractor with a minimum of disruption to traffic of approximately eight hours per lane. The initial condition of the overlays was excellent from the standpoint of permeability, skid resistance, and bond, although some overlays were better than others. All were in good to excellent condition after one year in service, but the permeability had increased and the bond strength and skid resistance had decreased significantly. Based on the data collected during the first year it is projected that the overlays constructed with LB183 resin will have a useful service life of at least five years and that the MMA overlay will fail in less time.

Download or read book Concrete Overlays for Bridge Decks in West Virginia written by Julio F. Davalos and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Relationship Between Properties of Hardened Concrete and Bridge Deck Performance in Virginia written by Howard Newlon and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among Virginia's research efforts during the 1960's was the study of concrete placed in 17 randomly selected bridge decks during and subsequent to their construction in 1963, with the purpose of relating the properties of the concrete as placed to its subsequent performance. The project reported here examined these.decks and concrete samples removed from them after 14 years of service, again to relate performance to properties and, based upon this relationship, to suggest initial levels of concrete properties required for good performance, particularly where concrete as placed does not comply with specific requirements. Despite the relatively small number of decks and samples, as viewed in comparison to the variables involved, significant relationships among concrete properties and performance are evident from the data, in that resistance to scaling and chloride penetration has been maintained for 14 years by concrete that met the requirements established by American Concrete Institute Committee 201 on Durability. The importance of long established principles for producing durable concrete i.e., low water-cement ratio, consolidation, curing, and cover depths thus have been reconfirmed. A procedure for evaluating the potential durability of concrete using petrographic examinations combined with estimates of service and environmental conditions was developed, and the preliminary application of this procedure to the decks included in this study were encouraging.

Download or read book Field Testing of an Ultra high Performance Concrete Overlay written by Zachary B. Haber and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge decks are commonly rehabilitated using overlays depending on the cause of deck deterioration, available budget, and desired service life of the rehabilitated structure. One emerging solution for bridge deck rehabilitation is thin, bonded ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) overlays. As an overlay material, UHPC can provide both structural strengthening and protection from ingress of contaminates using a 1-in (25 mm) to 2-in (51 mm) layer of material. The first U.S. deployment of UHPC as a bridge deck overlay was completed in May 2016 on a reinforced concrete slab bridge located in Brandon. A few months after installing the UHPC overlay, a field inspection of the bridge identified some locations along the deck where delamination may have occurred. To address this concern, a field study was conducted in November 2016 to evaluate the bond between the UHPC overlay and the substrate concrete bridge deck. Researchers from the Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA) Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center (TFHRC) synthesized photographic evidence, conducted a field inspection of the bridge deck surface using a chain drag, and conducted physical testing of the UHPC-concrete interface bond using the direct tension bond pull-off test. Tested samples were taken back to TFHRC and the UHPC-concrete interface subsequently analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pull-off test data indicated that the UHPC overlay and the existing concrete bridge deck was intact, which was confirmed by SEM analysis.

Download or read book Service Life Determination of Concrete Bridge Decks and Bridge Deck Overlay Systems written by Erin P. Larsen and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Performance and Constructability of Silica Fume Bridge Deck Overlays written by Gerald G. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of construction practices and material properties on the performance of concrete bridge decks are evaluated. Emphasis is placed on comparing bridge decks with silica fume and conventional concrete overlays and determining if the silica fume overlays commonly used on bridges in Kansas are performing at a level that justifies the extra cost and construction precautions. Forty continuous steel girder bridges, 20 with silica fume overlays, 16 with conventional overlays and four with monolithic bridge decks are included in the study.

Download or read book Twenty Year Performance of Latex Modified Concrete Overlays written by MM. Sprinkel and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourteen bridge decks with latex-modified concrete (LMC) overlays ranging in age from two to twenty years and two overlays without latex were studied. The high quality portland cement concrete overlays without latex showed greater negative increases in half-cell potentials, greater increases in chloride content, and a higher percentage of higher rates of corrosion than the LMC overlays. Also, for these two bridges, higher shear and tensile rupture strengths were obtained at the bond interface with LMC than with concrete without latex. Higher rupture strengths were not obtained on the other bridges because of the low strength of the scarified surface of the base concrete. The permeability, half-cell, chloride, rate-of-corrosion, and bond, strength data indicate that the overlays are performing satisfactorily. Also, LMC overlays placed on decks with less than 2 lb/yd3 (1.2 kg/m3) of chloride ion at the rebar can be expected to have a service life in excess of twenty years.

Download or read book Bridge Deck Condition Survey written by John E. LaCroix and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Factors Affecting the Performance of Bridge Decks in Virginia written by Hamdi Celik Ozyildirim and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed examination was made of 34 bridge decks, 11 to 30 years old, containing uncoated reinforcing steel. These bridges are located throughout Virginia. Cores were taken from each to evaluate the quality of the concrete with the objective of determining the relationship of concrete properties with the long-term performance of such bridge decks. It was shown that the greatest deterioration in these decks results from the ingress of chloride ions into the concrete, thus confirming the need for concretes with low permeabilities to be used in bridge decks. Low permeability is especially important where uncoated reinforcing steel is present. Some of the bridges examined in this study were constructed prior to 1966 when changes were made in the Virginia Department of Transportation's specifications. However, other than entrained air content, there is a relatively narrow range of measured quality parameters for these concretes, and most are considered to be of acceptable quality. Accordingly, specific numerical relationships between the concrete properties studied and the environmental and traffic conditions or the deterioration of the bridge decks were not established.

Download or read book Implementation of Performance Based Bridge Deck Protective Systems written by Robert Frosch and published by . This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When considering the durability of a bridge, the concrete deck is often the most vulnerable component and can be the limiting factor affecting service life. To enhance the durability of both new and existing bridge decks, a protective system is often provided to prevent or delay the ingress of chlorides and moisture to the reinforcing steel. In the state of Indiana, this protective system typically comes in the form of a concrete overlay or a thin polymer overlay. Another protective system widely used in the United States and in many countries internationally consists of a waterproofing membrane overlaid with asphaltic concrete. Due to a history of poor performance in the 1970's and the 1980's, a moratorium has been placed on the installation of waterproofing membranes in Indiana. This study reevaluates the state-of-the-practice of bridge deck protection in Indiana with the goal of enhancing the Indiana Department of Transportation's toolbox of bridge deck protective systems. Consideration was given to the state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice in bridge deck protective systems used by other state transportation agencies as well as by international transportation agencies. Research focused on the practice of installing waterproofing membranes and the latest technologies being used. Based on the information gathered, various protective systems were evaluated, and recommendations are provided on the selection of the most appropriate systems for various bridge conditions. Furthermore, a recommendation is provided to remove the moratorium on membrane systems so that the benefits of this system can be more fully explored and realized.