Download or read book Performance Contracting and Energy Efficiency in the State Government Market written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is growing interest in energy efficiency (EE) among state policymakers as a result of increasing environmental concerns, rising electricity and natural gas prices, and lean economic times that motivate states to look more aggressively for cost-saving opportunities in public sector buildings. One logical place for state policymakers to demonstrate their commitment to energy efficiency is to 'lead by example' by developing and implementing strategies to reduce the energy consumption of state government facilities through investments in energy efficient technologies. Traditionally, energy efficiency improvements at state government facilities are viewed as a subset in the general category of building maintenance and construction. These projects are typically funded through direct appropriations. However, energy efficiency projects are often delayed or reduced in scope whereby not all cost-effective measures are implemented because many states have tight capital budgets. Energy Savings Performance Contracting (ESPC) offers a potentially useful strategy for state program and facility managers to proactively finance and develop energy efficiency projects. In an ESPC project, Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) typically guarantee that the energy and cost savings produced by the project will equal or exceed all costs associated with implementing the project over the term of the contract. ESCOs typically provide turnkey design, installation, and maintenance services and also help arrange project financing. Between 1990 and 2006, U.S. ESCOs reported market activity of (almost equal to)$28 Billion, with about (almost equal to)75-80% of that activity concentrated in the institutional markets (K-12 schools, colleges/universities, state/local/federal government and hospitals). In this study, we review the magnitude of energy efficiency investment in state facilities and identify 'best practices' while employing performance contracting in the state government sector. The state government market is defined to include state offices, state universities, correctional facilities, and other state facilities. This study is part of a series of reports prepared by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and the National Association of Energy Services Companies (NAESCO) on the ESCO market and industry trends. The scope of previous reports was much broader: Goldman et al. (2002) analyzed ESCO project costs and savings in public and private sector facilities, Hopper et al. (2005) focused on ESCO project activity in all public and institutional sectors, while Hopper et al (2007) provided aggregate results of a comprehensive survey of ESCOs on current industry activity and future prospects. We decided to focus the current study on ESCO and energy efficiency activity and potential market barriers in the state government market because previous studies suggested that this institutional sector has significant remaining energy efficiency opportunities. Moreover, ESCO activity in the state government market has lagged behind other institutional markets (e.g., K-12 schools, local governments, and the federal market). Our primary objectives were as follows: (1) Assess existing state agency energy information and data sources that could be utilized to develop performance metrics to assess progress among ESPC programs in states; (2) Conduct a comparative review of the performance of selected state ESPC programs in reducing energy usage and costs in state government buildings; and (3) Delineate the extent to which state government sector facilities are implementing energy efficiency projects apart from ESPC programs using other strategies (e.g. utility ratepayer-funded energy efficiency programs, loan funds).
Download or read book Performance Contracting written by Shirley J. Hansen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance Contracting is a must-read for those concerned about energy and the environment. It examines state-of-the-art facts and pragmatic realities from financing to measurement and verification, and includes up-to-date how-to's for both end users and energy service companies. Readers will find expert advice on RFPs and RFQs, tips on making an energy project investment worthy, and guidelines for effectively negotiating and developing energy services agreements. They will also learn the key strategies for managing risks, both from a user's and a service provider's point of view, as well as ways to expand business and serve customers more effectively.
Download or read book Public Procurement of Energy Efficiency Services written by Jas Singh and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-12-17 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current universal concerns about global energy security, competitiveness, and environmental protection make energy efficiency more important than ever. However, realizing large-scale savings has proven a significant challenge due to many barriers. 'Public Procurement of Energy Efficiency Services' looks at a largely untapped energy efficiency market the public sector. While the efficiency potential in this sector is substantial, the implementation of energy savings programs has been complicated by a number of factors, such as insufficient incentives to lower energy costs, rigid budgeting and procurement procedures, and limited access to financing. The book looks at energy savings performance contracts (ESPCs) as a means of overcoming some of these barriers. Because public facilities can outsource the full project cycle to a commercial service provider, ESPCs can enable public agencies to solicit technical solutions, mobilize commercial financing, and assign performance risk to third parties, allowing the agency to pay from a project s actual energy savings. The recommendations in this book stem from case studies that identified approaches, models, and specific solutions to ESPC procurement, including budgeting, energy audits, and bid evaluation. Such an approach also offers enormous potential to bundle, finance, and implement energy efficiency projects on a larger scale in the public sector, which can yield further economies of scale. ESPCs can also serve as an attractive element for fiscal stimulus packages and efforts by governments to 'green' their infrastructure, which can create local jobs, reduce future operating costs, and mitigate their carbon footprint. Lower energy bills, in turn, help to create fiscal space in future years to meet other critical investment priorities. Bundled public sector energy efficiency projects can help stimulate local markets for energy efficiency goods and services and 'lead by example', demonstrating good practices and providing models to the private sector.
Download or read book Performance Contracting written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Savings Performance Contracts written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constrained budgets and increasing energy efficiency goals have led federal agencies to explore innovative ways to fund energy improvements, including ESPCs. An expected increase in the use of ESPCs has raised questions about agencies' ability to ensure that the government's interests are protected. ESPCs can span up to 25 years and be valued at millions of dollars each. GAO was asked to review federal use of ESPCs since 2005. This report examines the extent to which (1) agencies have used ESPCs and plan to use them; (2) projects have achieved their expected cost and energy savings; and (3) agencies have overseen and evaluated such projects. GAO compiled data on awarded ESPCs; reviewed agency guidance and files for a nongeneralizable sample of 20 ESPC projects that reflected a range of contract award dates, contract values, and other characteristics; and interviewed officials from the seven agencies with the highest energy usage and greatest facility square footage-the Air Force, Army, and Navy within the Department of Defense; the Departments of Energy, Justice, and Veterans Affairs; and the General Services Administration.
Download or read book Energy Savings Performance Contracts written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constrained budgets and increasing energy efficiency goals have led federal agencies to explore innovative ways to fund energy improvements, including ESPCs. An expected increase in the use of ESPCs has raised questions about agencies' ability to ensure that the government's interests are protected. ESPCs can span up to 25 years and be valued at millions of dollars each. GAO was asked to review federal use of ESPCs since 2005. This report examines the extent to which (1) agencies have used ESPCs and plan to use them; (2) projects have achieved their expected cost and energy savings; and (3) agencies have overseen and evaluated such projects. GAO compiled data on awarded ESPCs; reviewed agency guidance and files for a nongeneralizable sample of 20 ESPC projects that reflected a range of contract award dates, contract values, and other characteristics; and interviewed officials from the seven agencies with the highest energy usage and greatest facility square footage -- the Air Force, Army, and Navy within the Department of Defense; the Departments of Energy, Justice, and Veterans Affairs; and the General Services Administration. GAO is making recommendations to improve oversight of ESPC projects through clearer reporting of savings, improved training, and systematic evaluations of portfolios, among other things.
Download or read book Financing Energy Efficiency written by Robert P. Taylor and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-02-08 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While energy efficiency projects could partly meet new energy demand more cheaply than new supplies, weak economic institutions in developing and transitional economies impede developing and financing energy efficiency retrofits. This book analyzes these difficulties, suggests a 3-part model for projectizing and financing energy efficiency retrofits, and presents thirteen case studies to illustrate the issues and principles involved.
Download or read book Energy Savings Performance Contracts written by Kimberly Fowler and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constrained budgets and increasing energy efficiency goals have led federal agencies to explore innovative ways to fund energy improvements, including the Department of Energy's Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPC). An expected increase in the use of ESPCs has raised questions about agencies' ability to ensure that the government's interests are protected. ESPCs can span up to 25 years and be valued at millions of dollars each. This book examines the extent to which agencies have used ESPCs and plan to use them; projects have achieved their expected cost and energy savings; and agencies have overseen and evaluated such projects.
Download or read book Energy Performance Contracting and the Residential Sector electronic Resource written by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and published by CMHC. This book was released on 1997 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy performance contracting (EPC) allows private firms to enter into arrangements with property owners to reduce the energy consumption of their buildings through customized energy-efficiency upgrades. Energy service companies (ESCo's) provide a range of services including audits, financing, installation and maintenance and are repaid based on the client's energy savings. Operating costs can be reduced and energy efficiency improved with no up-front costs and limited risks to the facility owner. Despite the success of EPC in non-residential markets, virtually no applications in the housing sector have been achieved in Canada. To date, ESCo's have focused almost exclusively on commercial, office and institutional buildings such as hospitals and schools. ESCo's have targeted these types of projects because they are sufficiently large scale, have simplified approval processes, and are easy to replicate. The residential market has been viewed as high risk, diffuse and difficult to manage. The objective of CMHC's study was to determine if the EPC industry could successfully enter the residential market. This study included an industry survey of Canadian ESCo's to determine their level in entering Canada's residential sector. ESCo's identified highrise apartments and highrise and medium-rise social housing as the market segments with greatest potential. These segments offer larger investment returns and greater control of day-to-day energy use in buildings. ESCo's also identified the barriers to EPC entry in the residential sector and possible responses to overcoming these barriers. ESCo initiatives to minimize risk include: targeting priority markets, such as highrise rental apartments and social housing, using energy management measures that are proven and offer reasonably fast pay-backs; and customizing contract structures and services to meet specific residential needs. The study concluded by recommending that further research be conducted. The study also recommended that governments, utilities, ESCo's and the financial and insurance sectors develop a strategy to facilitate EPC entry into the residential sector. The strategy would focus on increasing market access and reducing the risk to a level comparable to other EPC market sectors. It would also target high priority markets (highrise rental apartments and medium-rise and highrise social housing) and build on the success of existing services, financing packages and promotional techniques. If possible, it would include a demonstration project that would showcase innovating approaches, such as financing arrangements, risk management techniques and energy management measures.
Download or read book Energy Efficiency written by Steven Fawkes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy risk has reappeared on the corporate and social agenda with a bang and the complexity of the issues has increased many-fold since the days of the last great wave of concern following the oil crises of the 1970s. Steven Fawkes’ Energy Efficiency is a comprehensive guide for managers and policy-makers to the fundamental questions underpinning energy-efficiency and our responses to it: ¢ what do we really mean by energy efficiency? ¢ what is the potential (in different dimensions)? ¢ why it is important? ¢ what management processes lead to optimisation of energy efficiency? ¢ what technologies are useful for improving energy efficiency? ¢ what policies can be used to promote energy efficiency? ¢ how can energy efficiency be financed? ¢ how can energy suppliers engage with energy efficiency? The result is the most comprehensive review to-date of the barriers and opportunities associated with improving energy efficiency. Clearly written and erudite, Steven Fawkes addresses every aspect of energy efficiency, including the huge and vitally important untapped potential offered by effective energy management and the application of existing technology. He also identifies barriers, such as the rebound effect and how they can be mitigated and he provides a comprehensive review of innovative energy efficiency financing options. This book is a ’must read’ for anyone with an interest in energy supply and demand reduction.
Download or read book Management Measurement Verification of Performance Contracting written by James P. Waltz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-07-08 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a leading expert in the field of measurement and verification, this book provides a truly authoritative resource on the skill and art of managing and monitoring performance contracted energy projects. Following a brief review of the fundamental concepts of performance contracting, the author guides the reader through every aspect of actually implementing a successful performance contract. You'll find out what can lead a project to go wrong, as well as how to monitor and verify a project's true performance all along the way. Numerous case studies and specific project examples are used to clearly illustrate the concepts presented. Comprehensive in scope, and drawn from the author's years of practical experience in the field, this book is essential reading for anyone who is either already involved with or considering use of performance contracting.
Download or read book Energy Conservation written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Performance Contracting for Energy Efficiency written by Technical Development Corporation and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Conservation written by United States Government Accountability and published by Scholar's Choice. This book was released on 2015-02-14 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Energy Performance Contracting and the Residential Sector written by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy performance contracting (EPC) allows private firms to enter into arrangements with property owners to reduce the energy consumption of their buildings through customized energy-efficiency upgrades. Energy service companies (ESCo's) provide a range of services including audits, financing, installation and maintenance and are repaid based on the client's energy savings. Operating costs can be reduced and energy efficiency improved with no up-front costs and limited risks to the facility owner. Despite the success of EPC in non-residential markets, virtually no applications in the housing sector have been achieved in Canada. To date, ESCo's have focused almost exclusively on commercial, office and institutional buildings such as hospitals and schools. ESCo's have targeted these types of projects because they are sufficiently large scale, have simplified approval processes, and are easy to replicate. The residential market has been viewed as high risk, diffuse and difficult to manage. The objective of CMHC's study was to determine if the EPC industry could successfully enter the residential market. This study included an industry survey of Canadian ESCo's to determine their level in entering Canada's residential sector. ESCo's identified highrise apartments and highrise and medium-rise social housing as the market segments with greatest potential. These segments offer larger investment returns and greater control of day-to-day energy use in buildings. ESCo's also identified the barriers to EPC entry in the residential sector and possible responses to overcoming these barriers. ESCo initiatives to minimize risk include: targeting priority markets, such as highrise rental apartments and social housing, using energy management measures that are proven and offer reasonably fast pay-backs; and customizing contract structures and services to meet specific residential needs. The study concluded by recommending that further research be conducted. The study also recommended that governments, utilities, ESCo's and the financial and insurance sectors develop a strategy to facilitate EPC entry into the residential sector. The strategy would focus on increasing market access and reducing the risk to a level comparable to other EPC market sectors. It would also target high priority markets (highrise rental apartments and medium-rise and highrise social housing) and build on the success of existing services, financing packages and promotional techniques. If possible, it would include a demonstration project that would showcase innovating approaches, such as financing arrangements, risk management techniques and energy management measures.
Download or read book Super Energy Savings Performance Contracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated publication, produced for DOE's Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), is an overview of DOE's streamlined energy savings performance contracting ("Super ESPC") process. It is intended for Federal energy and facility managers, contracting officers, procurement staff, private energy service companies (ESCOs), and any others involved in this contracting process. A Super ESPC is an indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity contract that allows a qualifying, preselected ESCO to pay the initial capital cost of energy efficiency improvements or renewable energy technologies at a Federal facility. The ESCO is then repaid over time from the Federal agency's resulting cost savings over the term of the contract, which can be up to 25 years. Among other benefits, Super ESPCs allow Federal agencies to obtain energy efficiency improvements and new technologies without having to go through the entire contracting process or having to pay the up-front costs of new equipment and services.
Download or read book Evaluation of Federal Energy Savings Performance Contracting Methodology for Comparing Processes and Costs of ESPC and Appropriatins Funded Energy Projects written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federal agencies have had performance contracting authority since 1985, when Congress first authorized agencies to enter into shared energy savings agreements with Public Law 99-272, the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act. By the end of FY 2001, agencies had used energy savings performance contracts (ESPCs) to attract private-sector investment of over $1 billion to improve the energy efficiency of federal buildings. Executive Order 13123 directs agencies to maximize their use of alternative financing contracting mechanisms such as ESPCs when life-cycle cost effective to reduce energy use and cost in their facilities and operations. Continuing support for ESPCs at the Administration and Congressional levels is evident in the pending comprehensive national energy legislation, which repeals the sunset provision on ESPC authority and extends ESPC authority to water savings projects. Despite the Congressional and Presidential directives to use ESPCs, some agencies have been reluctant to do so. Decision makers in these agencies see no reason to enter into long-term obligations to pay interest on borrowed money out of their own operating budgets if instead Congress will grant them appropriations to pay for the improvements up front. Questions frequently arise about whether pricing in ESPCs, which are negotiated for best value, is as favorable as prices obtained through competitive sourcing, and whether ESPC as a means of implementing energy conservation projects is as life-cycle cost effective as the standard practice of funding these projects through appropriations. The lack of any quantitative analysis to address these issues was the impetus for this study. ESPCs are by definition cost-effective because of their ''pay-from-savings'' requirement and guarantee, but do their interest costs and negotiated pricing extract an unreasonably high price? Appropriations seem to be the least-cost option, because the U.S. Treasury can borrow money at lower interest rates than the private sector, but appropriations for energy projects are scarce. What are the costs associated with requesting funding and waiting for appropriations? And how is the value of an energy project affected if savings that are not guaranteed do not last? The objective of this study was to develop and demonstrate methods to help federal energy managers take some of the guesswork out of obtaining best value from spending on building retrofit energy improvements. We developed a method for comparing all-inclusive prices of energy conservation measures (ECMs) implemented using appropriated funds and through ESPCs that illustrates how agencies can use their own appropriations-funded project experience to ensure fair ESPC pricing. The second method documented in this report is for comparing life-cycle costs. This method illustrates how agencies can use their experience, and their judgment concerning their prospects for appropriations, to decide between financing and waiting.
