Download or read book Performance and Stability of CdTe CdS Solar Cells for Terrestrial and Space Applications written by Derk Leander Bätzner and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Cells and Modules written by Arvind Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.
Download or read book Impact of Back contact Materials on Performance and Stability of CdS CdTe Solar Cells written by Samuel Demtsu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by K. L. Chopra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "You, 0 Sun, are the eye of the world You are the soul of all embodied beings You are the source of all creatures You are the discipline of all engaged in work" - Translated from Mahabharata 3rd Century BC Today, energy is the lifeline and status symbol of "civilized" societies. All nations have therefore embarked upon Research and Development pro grams of varying magnitudes to explore and effectively utilize renewable sources of energy. Albeit a low-grade energy with large temporal and spatial variations, solar energy is abundant, cheap, clean, and renewable, and thus presents a very attractive alternative source. The direct conver sion of solar energy to electricity (photovoltaic effect) via devices called solar cells has already become an established frontier area of science and technology. Born out of necessity for remote area applications, the first commercially manufactured solar cells - single-crystal silicon and thin film CdS/Cu2S - were available well over 20 years ago. Indeed, all space vehicles today are powered by silicon solar cells. But large-scale terrestrial applications of solar cells still await major breakthroughs in terms of discovering new and radical concepts in solar cell device structures, utilizing relatively more abundant, cheap, and even exotic materials, and inventing simpler and less energy intensive fabrication processes. No doubt, this extraordinary challenge in R/D has led to a virtual explosion of activities in the field of photovoltaics in the last several years.
Download or read book Advanced Processing of CdTe and CuIn subscript 1 x Ga subscript x Se2 Based Solar Cells Final Technical Report 26 May 1998 22 December 2001 written by Don Louis Morel and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CdTe CdS Solar Cells written by Donna Marie Waters and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy written by D. Yogi Goswami and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-05-07 with total page 1568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brought to you by the creator of numerous bestselling handbooks, the Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy provides a thorough grounding in the analytic techniques and technological developments that underpin renewable energy use and environmental protection. The handbook emphasizes the engineering aspects of energy conservation and renewable energy. Taking a world view, the editors discuss key topics underpinning energy efficiency and renewable energy systems. They provide content at the forefront of the contemporary debate about energy and environmental futures. This is vital information for planning a secure energy future. Practical in approach, the book covers technologies currently available or expected to be ready for implementation in the near future. It sets the stage with a survey of current and future world-wide energy issues, then explores energy policies and incentives for conservation and renewable energy, covers economic assessment methods for conservation and generation technologies, and discusses the environmental costs of various energy generation technologies. The book goes on to examine distributed generation and demand side management procedures and gives a perspective on the efficiencies, economics, and environmental costs of fossil and nuclear technologies. Highlighting energy conservation as the cornerstone of a successful national energy strategy, the book covers energy management strategies for industry and buildings, HVAC controls, co-generation, and advances in specific technologies such as motors, lighting, appliances, and heat pumps. It explores energy storage and generation from renewable sources and underlines the role of infrastructure security and risk analysis in planning future energy transmission and storage systems. These features and more make the Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy the tool for designing the energy sources of the future.
Download or read book Next Generation Multilayer Graded Bandgap Solar Cells written by A. A. Ojo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will guide Photovoltaics researchers in a new way of thinking about harvesting light energy from all wavelengths of the solar spectrum. It closes the gap between general solar cells books and photovoltaics journal articles, by focusing on the latest developments in our understanding of solid-state device physics. The material presented is experimental and based on II-VI thin-film materials, mainly CdTe-based solar cells. The authors describe the use of new device design, based on multilayer graded bandgap configuration, using CdTe-based solar cells. The authors also explain how the photo-generated currents can be enhanced using multi-step charge carrier production. The possibility of fabricating these devices using low-cost and scalable electroplating is demonstrated. The value of electroplating for large area electronic devices such as PV solar panels, display devices and nano-technology devices are also demonstrated. By enabling new understanding of the engineering of electroplated semiconductor materials and providing an overview of the semiconductor physics and technology, this practical book is ideal to guide researchers, engineers, and manufacturers on future solar cell device designs and fabrications. Discusses in detail the processes of growths, treatments, solar cell device fabrication and solid state physics, improving readers’ understanding of fundamental solid state physics; Enables future improvements in CdTe-based device efficiency; Explains the significance of defects in deposited semiconductor materials and interfaces that affect the material properties and resulting device performance.
Download or read book II IV Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaic Materials Volume 668 written by Robert Birkmire and published by . This book was released on 2001-10-15 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on materials issues related to Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 and CdTe-based polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic solar cells and related oxides and chalcogenides. Phase equilibrium and thermochemical kinetic aspects of the absorber layer formation of CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 are emphasized and several papers on micro-analytical analysis report on detailed structural properties of thin films. The use of flexible plastic or metal foil substrates as an alternative to glass is addressed in terms of solar-cell performance and limitations imposed by the nature of the substrates. Properties of defects and interfaces in CdTe and CIGSS are highlighted using electrical, optical, and micro-analytical tools. While film properties are correlated to device physics, controversy still exists on the detailed operation of both CdTe and CIGSS devices. Topics include: materials and synthesis; thin films on alternate substrates; defects; growth and junction formation; surfaces and interfaces and film and device characterization.
Download or read book Solar Photovoltaic Technology Production written by Senthilarasu Sundaram and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-06-21 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar Photovoltaic Technology Production: Potential Environmental Impacts and Implications for Governance provides an overview of the emerging industrial PV sector, its technologies, and the regulatory frameworks supporting them. This new book reviews and categorizes the potential environmental impacts of several main PV technologies, examining the extent to which current EU governance frameworks regulate such impacts. By identifying the gaps or regulatory mismatches and creating a basis for normative recommendations on governance change, this book analyzes potential governance implications and their impacts in relation to manufacturers upscaling PV production techniques. - Fills the need for a coherent source of information on the potential impacts of different PV technologies - Provides comprehensive coverage of lifecycle analysis (LCA) of PV technologies in a single reference - Analyzes relevant governance arrangements for researchers and manufacturers
Download or read book Development of High efficiency CdTe Solar Cells Annual Subcontract Report 1 February 1992 31 December 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work to improve the basic understanding of the loss mechanisms in thin-film CdS/CdTe solar cells and to improve their efficiency by characterizing the properties of the films as well as the finished devices. To accomplish this, solar cells were fabricated on glass/SnO2CdS substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of CdTe films and evaporation of Cu/Au contacts. The substrates were provided by Solarex Corporation and were recently grown in house on glass/SnO2 substrates using solution growth. Rapid thermal processing (RTP), still a relatively new technology with growing applications in the semiconductor industry, is being investigated in this program as an altemative to the conventional post-growth furnace annealing of the CdS/CdTe films. Consistent with the long-term goals of cost-effective, large-scale terrestrial applications of photovoltaics, we also made some preliminary investigations of a solution growth technique for depositing CdTe films.
Download or read book Energy Conversion written by D. Yogi Goswami and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 1193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook surveys the range of methods and fuel types used in generating energy for industry, transportation, and heating and cooling of buildings. Solar, wind, biomass, nuclear, geothermal, ocean and fossil fuels are discussed and compared, and the thermodynamics of energy conversion is explained. Appendices are provided with fully updated data. Thoroughly revised, this second edition surveys the latest advances in energy conversion from a wide variety of currently available energy sources. It describes energy sources such as fossil fuels, biomass (including refuse-derived biomass fuels), nuclear, solar radiation, wind, geothermal, and ocean, then provides the terminology and units used for each energy resource and their equivalence. It includes an overview of the steam power cycles, gas turbines, internal combustion engines, hydraulic turbines, Stirling engines, advanced fossil fuel power systems, and combined-cycle power plants. It outlines the development, current use, and future of nuclear power.
Download or read book RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGY written by Prof. Yosry Moustafa and published by Dr. Yosry Moustafa . This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book targets students specializing in physics, engineering and related fields, such as Environmental Physics and Bioengineering. This book can be considered as a reference for the Renewable Energy Course for students in the final years of the bachelor's degree. It contains more material than can normally be covered in one semester, so that the teacher can select subjects that are more important. The book contains ten chapters discussing a renewable source of energy. The first chapter deals with the concept of energy, different forms of energy, energy efficiency, the classification of renewable and non-renewable energy and its various resources, whether mechanical, electrical, magnetic, chemical or hydrogen energy. The second chapter deals with the availability of solar radiation at various latitudes and the analysis of energy generated by solar collector, different types of solar collectors and concentrators, solar energy applications as in solar water heating systems, solar distillation sets, solar cookers, energy use and drying crops. Chapter three discusses the fundamentals of photovoltaic modules, while in the fourth chapter, electrothermal energy was manipulated. Chapter five introduces the basics of wind energy for a renewable energy source, where the physics of wind energy, generation techniques, applications, types of modern turbines used in generation are explored, as well as, the challenges facing the industry have been highlighted. Chapter six elucidates the heat energy of the Earth. The seventh chapter deals with biomass energy, biofuels and biogas. In chapter eight, hydrogen was explained as a source of renewable energy, where hydrocarbons used to obtain hydrogen were also highlighted, as well as different ways of obtaining hydrogen gas using either solar, biochemical or chemical methods, as well as hydrogen storage and transport techniques. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of this type of energy were manipulated in details. The ninth chapter deals with hydroelectric power, providing the types of dams, calculating the dam energy output, methods of measuring flow rates, how hydropower stations work, types of turbines suitable for a certain dam, the fundamentals of small generation plants. In chapter ten, future fuels from algae were expounded. Since, Algal farms were studied in terms of specifications, nutrition, harvesting, different methods of extracting oil and bioreactors, research and developments in this field, fuel for aircraft, food and chemical products that can be obtained from algae, in addition to integration this technology with other sources of renewable energy. Key Words: Renewable Energy; Solar Radiation; Photovoltaic Modules; Electrothermal Energy; Wind Energy; Energy of the Earth; Hydroelectric Power; Biomass Energy; Hydrocarbons; Hydrogen Fuel; Algal Farms; Bioreactors; Fuel Cells.
Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stability Issues in Sputtered CdS CdTe Solar Cells written by Naba Raj Paudel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Characterization of Thin Film Solar Cells written by Mowafak Al-Jassim and published by Institution of Engineering and Technology. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells have reached a levelized cost of energy that is competitive with all other sources of electricity. The technology has significantly improved in recent years, with laboratory cell efficiencies for cadmium telluride (CdTe), perovskites, and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) each exceeding 22 percent. Both CdTe and CIGS solar panels are now produced at the gigawatt scale. However, there are ongoing challenges, including the continued need to improve performance and stability while reducing cost. Advancing polycrystalline solar cell technology demands an in-depth understanding of efficiency, scaling, and degradation mechanisms, which requires sophisticated characterization methods. These methods will enable researchers and manufacturers to improve future solar modules and systems.
Download or read book Photoelectronic Properties of Semiconductors written by Richard H. Bube and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-05-14 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction between light and electrons in semiconductors forms the basis for many interesting and practically significant properties. This book examines the fundamental physics underlying this rich complexity of photoelectronic properties of semiconductors, and will familiarise the reader with the relatively simple models that are useful in describing these fundamentals. The basic physics is also illustrated with typical recent examples of experimental data and observations. Following introductory material on the basic concepts, the book moves on to consider a wide range of phenomena, including photoconductivity, recombination effects, photoelectronic methods of defect analysis, photoeffects at grain boundaries, amorphous semiconductors, photovoltaic effects and photoeffects in quantum wells and superlattices. The author is Professor of Materials Science and Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, and has taught this material for many years. He is an experienced author, his earlier books having found wide acceptance and use. Readers will therefore find this volume to be an up-to-date and concise summary of the major concepts, models and results. It is intended as a text for graduate students, but will be an important resource for anyone researching in this interesting field.
