Download or read book Performance and Modeling of Nitrification in the Biological Fluidized Bed written by David King Stevens and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamics and Simulation of a Biological Fluidized Bed Reactor written by David K. Stevens and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Getting consistently high efficiency for biological nitrification during cold weather is an important problem that was stuided by operating and modeling a fluidized bed pilot plant. The pilot plant experiments, including some step change and impulse dynamic tests were encouraging, and a model has been used successfully to fit both steady-state and dynamic performance data. The calibration runs indicated that the kinetic model, which includes rate limitations from several substrates and intraparticle diffusion, adequately describes the rate of substrate flux into the bioparticles. Alkalinity, pH, and nitrate data give good verification of the steady state prediction. The values of parameters used to fit the experimental data seem typical and their trends with time can be qualitatively explained. The parameters obtained in the steady state runs were used to successfully simulate the dynamic experiments. The results of these dynamic experiments lend general validity to the theoretical approach and provide a basis for further work to eliminate the uncertainty incorporated in the fitting parameters.

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phylogenetic Characterization of the Nitrifying Populations in Municipal Wastewaters and in Biological Treatment Systems to Improve Modeling Practices written by Mauhamad Jauffur and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Nitrification is a very important process in wastewater treatment systems performing biological nitrogen removal. The size, footprint and energy consumption of nitrifying activated sludge systems are governed by the requirement of the system to remove ammonia. Ammonia is an important wastewater quality parameter to consider because of its toxicity to aquatic life in receiving water bodies; hence environmental regulations regarding discharge requirements for ammonia are becoming more stringent. Although the complexity of nitrification in activated sludge systems is still being demystified, the possible seeding of biological reactors by raw sewage which contains nitrifying bacteria, has been overlooked so far. Even current best modeling practices such as the International Water Association (IWA) Good Modeling Practices (GMP) for biological wastewater treatment, assume that there is no biomass in raw municipal wastewaters. This study explores the potential of a natural seeding of nitrifiers at full-scale wastewater treatment level. Through the application of high-throughput DNA sequencing, we have shown that raw sewage was indeed supplementing full-scale bioreactors with active nitrifiers. Respirometric assays showed that nitrifying biomass in the studied influents was alive and active, and was capable of reaching full metabolic induction within a few hours. We replicated this phenomenon in the laboratory by adding influent biomass harvested from a full-scale wastewater treatment facility to laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) operated at washout conditions (low temperature and solids retention time). Addition of influent solids restored nitrification and stabilized the SBR systems. Lastly, we examined the impact of such natural influent nitrifier seeding on the performance of activated sludge models. Incorporating the natural seeding of nitrifiers in the nitrification model, significantly enhanced the performance of the model and its predictive capacity. It is, therefore, recommended that Good Modeling Practices be amended to include the quantification of the level of nitrifiers in influents during wastewater characterization. " --

Download or read book Dynamic Performance of Slurry Biological Reactor Systems for Nitrification and Dentrification written by John Roberts (Chemist) and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological Wastewater Treatment Revised and Expanded written by Carlos D.M. Filipe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-10-15 with total page 1098 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by noted experts in the field sharing extensive academic and industrial experience, this thoroughly updated Second Edition covers commonly used and new suspended and attached growth reactors. The authors discuss combined carbon and ammonia oxidation, activated sludge, biological nutrient removal, aerobic digestion, anaerobic processes, lagoons, trickling filters, rotating biological contactors, fluidized beds, and biologically aerated filters. They integrate the principles of biochemical processes with applications in the real world-communicating approaches to the conception, design, operation, and optimization of biochemical unit operations in a comprehensive yet lucid manner.

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 1537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification, Four Volume Set provides a rich source of methods for analyzing water to assure its safety from natural and deliberate contaminants, including those that are added because of carelessness of human endeavors. Human development has great impact on water quality, and new contaminants are emerging every day. The issues of sampling for water analysis, regulatory considerations, and forensics in water quality and purity investigations are covered in detail. Microbial as well as chemical contaminations from inorganic compounds, radionuclides, volatile and semivolatile compounds, disinfectants, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals, including endocrine disruptors, are treated extensively. Researchers must be aware of all sources of contamination and know how to prescribe techniques for removing them from our water supply. Unlike other works published to date that concentrate on issues of water supply, water resource management, hydrology, and water use by industry, this work is more tightly focused on the monitoring and improvement of the quality of existing water supplies and the recovery of wastewater via new and standard separation techniques Using analytical chemistry methods, offers remediation advice on pollutants and contaminants in addition to providing the critical identification perspective The players in the global boom of water purification are numerous and varied. Having worked extensively in academia and industry, the Editor-in-Chief has been careful about constructing a work for a shared audience and cause

Download or read book Innovative Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater written by Shirish H. Sonawane and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights advances in sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, particularly biological wastewater treatment, cavitation-based treatment, hybrid water treatment, membrane technologies, advance oxidation processes, and adsorption. The book focuses on a variety of advanced treatment techniques that are useful for the degradation of organic components, dyes, heavy metals effluent, etc. in wastewater. Industrial wastewater consists of variety of discharges based on the type of industry, such as the dairy/food industries, which generate more fats and high BOD value with variation in the pH value, while the electroplating industry may expel more inorganic matter and dissolved solids. The oil extraction industries will have more solvents contained in the effluent, and dyes and textiles industry create a higher organic load with high TDS. Hence, every type of manufacturing industry needs a different method for the treatment of its effluents. Looking at the use of intensified chemical processes in order to make cleaner environment, Innovative Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater explores the new and innovative methods for pollutant removal that will prove useful for a variety of industries. Conventional wastewater treatment processes require a significant amount of energy and involve expensive equipment and maintenance. Sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, however, involve less generation of energy and employ more economically feasible treatment methods, requiring less equipment and fewer maintenance costs. Looking at the use of intensified chemical processes in order to make a cleaner environment, this volume explores new and innovative methods for pollutant removal that will prove useful for a variety of industries. This book highlights advances in sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, particularly biological wastewater treatment, cavitation-based treatment, hybrid water treatment, membrane technologies, advanced oxidation processes, and adsorption.

Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal from Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Using a Twin Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactor written by Mehran Andalib and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological nutrient removal (BNR) refers to removal of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from wastewater (WW) by the aid of various microorganisms. Because of the public concern for the environment C, N and P effluent standards have become stricter. Different BNR processes such as suspended growth and attached growth have been studied during the last three decades in order to meet the increasingly stringent discharge standards. In this work, two novel processes called Twin Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (TFBBR) and Twin Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (TCFBBR) were developed and tested for BNR from municipal WW. Both TFBBR and TCFBBR comprise of an anoxic column and an aerobic column with particle recirculation between the two reactors achieved mechanically (TFBBR) and hydraulically (TCFBBR). Moreover, a newly developed system called Anaerobic Fluidized-Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (AF-CFBBR) was developed and tested to accomplish BNR from high strength industrial WW. AF-CFBBR comprises of an anaerobic, an anoxic and an aerobic columns. In all three aforementioned systems, fine carrier media are employed for biofilm attachment. After the development of biofilm, the particles are called biofilm-coated particles. TFBBR and TCFBBR were operated at organic, nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates (OLR, NLR and PLR) of up to 2.8 kg COD/m3×d and 4.5 kg COD/m3×d, 0.3 kg N/m3×d and 0.5 kg N/m3×d and 0.041 kg P/m3×d respectively to study the performance of the system with respect to biological nutrient removal. The nitrification rates based on biofilm surface area in TFBBR and TCFBBR were 0.91 g N/m2×d and 1.26 g N/m2×d respectively and the denitrification rates based on biofilm surface area in TFBBR and TCFBBR were 0.65 g N/m2×d and 1.32 g N/m2×d respectively. Both systems removed>96% organic matter, 84%-88% nitrogen and 12%-50% phosphorus at overall hydraulic retention time of (HRT) 2h. TFBBR and TCFBBR achieved long SRTs of 72-108 d and 37-40 d respectively, which rationalized the very low observed yield of 0.06-0.07 g VSS/g COD and 0.09-0.1 g VSS/g COD. The AF-CFBBR demonstrated 99.7% COD removal, 84% nitrogen removal, with a very low sludge yield of 0.017 g VSS/g COD while treating a wastewater containing 10700 mg COD/L and 250-300 mg NH3-N/L. The system was operated at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 35 kg COD/m3·d based on the AF volume and 1.1 kg N/m3·d based on the CFBBR at an overall HRT of less than 12 h in the AF-CFBBR. The nitrification, denitrification and organic removal rates based on aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic biofilm surface area in AF-CFBBR respectively were 2.6 g N/m2×d, 9.03 g N/m2×d and 12.1 g COD/m2×d. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of nitrate on methanogenic activities in a high rate anaerobic fluidized bed with organic loading rate of above 35 kg COD/m3·d was studied in order to evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous denitrification and methanogenic activities (SDM) in a high rate anaerobic system. Terminal settling velocity and bed expansion of biofilm-coated particles as the two main hydrodynamic criteria in a fluidized bed, were studied. Archimedes was superior to Reynolds number for drag coefficient and bed expansion definitions. A new equation for determining drag force on fluidized bed bio-film coated particle (Fd) as an explicit function of terminal settling velocity was generated based on Archimedes numbers (Ar) of the biofilm coated particle. The proposed equation adequately predicted the terminal settling velocity of other literature data with an accuracy of>90%. A new equation based on Archimedes number was proposed to calculate bed expansion index of biofilm-coated particles, which predicted the existing experimental data with less standard error than all other literature equations that related bed expansion to Reynolds number. A two-phase and three-phase predictive fluidization model based on the characteristics of a system such as media type and size, flow rates, and reactor cross sectional area was proposed to calculate bed expansion, solid, liquid and gas hold up, specific surface area of the biofilm particles. The model was subsequently linked to 1d AQUIFAS APP software (Aquaregen) to model two and three phase fluidized bed bioreactors. The model was validated for biological nutrient removal using the experimental data from a Twin Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactors (TCFBBR) treating synthetic and municipal wastewater. Two-sided t-tests showed that there were no statistically significant difference between the experimental and the modeled TCOD, SCOD, NH3-N, NOx-N.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers written by American Society of Civil Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. 29-30 contain papers of the International Engineering Congress, Chicago, 1893; v. 54, pts. A-F, papers of the International Engineering Congress, St. Louis, 1904.

Download or read book Biotechnology Annual Review written by M.R. El-Gewely and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-07-24 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in the applications of biotechnology depends on a wide base of basic as well as applied sciences. The output of biotechnology has already proved itself in many different fields, from health to biomining, and from agriculture to enzyme "breeding". The objectives of the Biotechnology Annual Review series is to provide readers with the needed in-depth knowledge by reviewing specific topics in each volume. In this way, it is easier for scientists to keep in touch with progress and applications in biotechnology. Up-to-date topics are reviewed that are related to regulatory affairs, social impact, biodiversity and patent issues, as well as production and technology.

Download or read book Comparative Evaluation Fluidized Bed Airlift Bioreactor with Conventional Systems for Nitrification of Seawater written by Nucharee Rasrikrangkrai and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work investigated the performance of various filters in the nitrification process. The modeled systems included the submerged filter, the packed bed airlift filter, the fluidized bed airlift filter. The commonly used trickling filter was also employed as a base experimental case for the purpose of comparison. Firstly, the investigation on the hydrodynamics and gas-liquid mass transfer of the various filters was carried out. It was found that the gas holdup in all the systems increased with an increase in the gas throughput to the system. The submerged filter seemed to be the best among all the systems under investigation as it provided the highest gas holdup and gas-liquid mass transfer rate. The fluidized bed airlift filter, on the other hand, was the poorest among the three filters. This was because the operating conditions employed in the nitrification process were not adequate for the perfect fluidized bed condition. Hence, there existed a "still bed condition" where a large fraction of packing was not fluidized and this caused high pressure drop in the system. This led to a larger gas bubbles which reduced the gas-liquid mass transfer area. Also the gas holdup in this filter was the lowest because large bubbles were formed which left the system more rapidly than smaller bubbles found in other systems. However, certain conditions could lead to a perfect fluidized bed condition and the performance of the system at this condition was found to be comparative to the packed bed airlift system. In terms of nitrification rate, the packed bed airlift filter was found to be the most effective system. The removal rate from the submerged filter was observed to be relatively high at all operating conditions. The performance of fluidized bed airlift filter, however, depended on several factors. At low Ad/Ar, the system was not effective in removing ammonia. This was because the system could not reach full fluidizing condition in the range of gas superficial velocity employed in this work. Increasing Ad/Ar helped create a better fluidizing condition in this system and augmented the removal rate in the fluidized bed airlift filter. However, the specific ammonia removal rate obtained from the fluidized bed at high Ad/Ar was still lower than that obtained from the packed bed airlift filter at low Ad/Ar.

Download or read book Biological Fluidized Bed Reactor written by Renalda Samih El-Samra and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical model describing the various kinetic reactions occurring in a biological fluidized bed reactor is proposed in this study. The model covers both the steady and the unsteady conditions of the process, taking into account the bulk liquid biomass activity, and adopting Rittmann's (1982) shearing model. The model resulted from writing four mass balance equations dealing with the state of the process. The state was defined by: (a) the substrate in bulk liquid medium, (b) the substrate in the biofihn, (c) the suspended microorganisms in the bulk liquid medium, and (d) the microorganisms attached to the solid media. The sensitivity of each of the four state variables to the various biological parameters, and system design variables, were investigated at steady state conditions. The theoretical model was verified by conducting experiments under steady and unsteady state conditions, using a pilot scale fluidized bed reactor treating synthetic wastewater. The experimental data obtained were compared to the predicted values calculated from the proposed theoretical model. The sensitivity analysis performed showed that the main factors affecting the process state variables are: the fluidization velocity, the size of the solid media used, the initial bed porosity, the specific yield, and the maximum rate of substrate utilization. The discrepancy between the steady state experimental data obtained, and the corresponding calculated theoretical values was quite large and significant. However, the discrepancy was much lower in the case of the unsteady state experiments. With further modifications and verifications, the proposed theoretical model can be adopted in comprehensive representation of the biological fluidized bed process.

Download or read book Aqualine Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Simulation of Diurnal Operation of the Fluidized Bed System for Wastewater Treatment written by Thomas Wayne Sigmund and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: