Download or read book Performance and Emissions of a Natural Gas Dual fueled Indirect Injected Diesel Engine written by Wai Yee Wong and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dual Fuel Diesel Engines written by Ghazi A. Karim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-02 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dual-Fuel Diesel Engines offers a detailed discussion of different types of dual-fuel diesel engines, the gaseous fuels they can use, and their operational practices. Reflecting cutting-edge advancements in this rapidly expanding field, this timely book:Explains the benefits and challenges associated with internal combustion, compression ignition,

Download or read book Advances in Compression Ignition Natural Gas Diesel Dual Fuel Engines written by Hongsheng Guo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Dual Fuel Combustion in a Single Cylinder IDI Diesel Engine written by Johnnie L. Williams (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author's Abstract: Restrictions in the allowable exhaust gas emissions of diesel engines has become a driving factor in the design, development, and implementation of internal combustion (IC) engines. A dual fuel research engine concept was developed and implemented in an indirect injected engine in order to research combustion characteristics and emissions for non-road applications. The experimental engine was operated at a constant speed and load 2400 rpm and 5.5 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). n-Butanol was port fuel injected at 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by mass fraction with neat ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD#2). Peak pressure, maximum pressure rise rates, and heat release rates all increased with the increasing concentration of n-Butanol. MPRR increased by 127% and AHRR increased by 30.5% as a result of the shorter ignition delay and combustion duration. Ignition delay and combustion duration were reduced by 3.6% and 31.6% respectively. This occurred despite the lower cetane number of n-Butanol as a result of increased mixing due to the port fuel injection of the alcohol. NOx and soot were simultaneously reduced by 21% and 80% respectively. Carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons emissions were increased for the dual fuel combustion strategies due to valve overlap. Results display large emission reductions of harmful pollutants, such as NOx and soot.

Download or read book EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATION OF DUAL FUEL DIESEL NATURAL GAS RCCI COMBUSTION IN A HEAVY DUTY DIESEL ENGINE written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Among the various alternative fuels, natural gas is considered as a leading candidate for heavy-duty applications due to its availability and applicability in conventional internal combustion diesel engines. Compared to their diesel counterparts natural gas fueled spark-ignited engines have a lower power density, reduced low-end torque capability, limited altitude performance, and ammonia emissions downstream of the three-way catalyst. The dual fuel diesel/natural gas engine does not suffer with the performance limitations of the spark-ignited concept due to the flexibility of switching between different fueling modes. Considerable research has already been conducted to understand the combustion behavior of dual fuel diesel/natural gas engines. As reported by most researchers, the major difficulty with dual fuel operation is the challenge of providing high levels of natural gas substitution, especially at low and medium loads. In this study extensive experimental and simulation studies were conducted to understand the combustion behavior of a heavy-duty diesel engine when operated with compressed natural gas (CNG) in a dual fuel regime. In one of the experimental studies, conducted on a 13 liter heavy-duty six cylinder diesel engine with a compression ratio of 16.7:1, it was found that at part loads high levels of CNG substitution could be achieved along with very low NOx and PM emissions by applying reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion. When compared to the diesel-only baseline, a 75% reduction in both NOx and PM emissions was observed at a 5 bar BMEP load point along with comparable fuel consumption values. Further experimental studies conducted on the 13 liter heavy-duty six cylinder diesel engine have shown that RCCI combustion targeting low NOx emissions becomes progressively difficult to control as the load is increased at a given speed or the speed is reduced at a given load. To overcome these challenges a number of simulation studies were conducted to quantify the in-cylinder conditions that are needed at high loads and low to medium engine speeds to effectively control low NOx RCCI combustion. A number of design parameters were analyzed in this study including exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate, CNG substitution, injection strategy, fuel injection pressure, fuel spray angle and compression ratio. The study revealed that lowering the compression ratio was very effective in controlling low NOx RCCI combustion. By lowering the base compression ratio by 4 points, to 12.7:1, a low NOx RCCI combustion was achieved at both 12 bar and 20 bar BMEP load points. The NOx emissions were reduced by 75% at 12 bar BMEP while fuel consumption was improved by 5.5%. For the 20 BMEP case, a 2% improvement in fuel consumption was achieved with an 87.5% reduction in NOx emissions. At both load points low PM emissions were observed with RCCI combustion. A low NOx RCCI combustion system has multiple advantages over other combustion approaches, these include; significantly lower NOx and PM emission which allows a reduction in aftertreatment cost and packaging requirements along with application of higher CNG substitution rates resulting in reduced CO2 emissions.

Download or read book Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance written by Richard Folkson and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-07-27 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance: Towards Zero Carbon Transportation, Second Edition provides a comprehensive view of key developments in advanced fuels and vehicle technologies to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector. Sections consider the role of alternative fuels such as electricity, alcohol and hydrogen fuel cells, as well as advanced additives and oils in environmentally sustainable transport. Other topics explored include methods of revising engine and vehicle design to improve environmental performance and fuel economy and developments in electric and hybrid vehicle technologies. This reference will provide professionals, engineers and researchers of alternative fuels with an understanding of the latest clean technologies which will help them to advance the field. Those working in environmental and mechanical engineering will benefit from the detailed analysis of the technologies covered, as will fuel suppliers and energy producers seeking to improve the efficiency, sustainability and accessibility of their work. - Provides a fully updated reference with significant technological advances and developments in the sector - Presents analyses on the latest advances in electronic systems for emissions control, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence and legislative requirements - Includes a strong focus on updated climate change predictions and consequences, helping the reader work towards ambitious 2050 climate change goals for the automotive industry

Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Study of the Combustion and Emissions of Natural Gas diesel Dual fuel Engine Under Different Engine Load speed Conditions written by Amin Yousefi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Universal concerns about degradation in air quality, stringent emissions regulations, energy scarcity, and global warming have prompted research and development of compressed ignition engines using alternative combustion concepts. Natural gas/diesel dual-fuel combustion is an advanced combustion concept for compression ignition diesel engines, which has attracted global attention in recent years. This combustion concept is accomplished by creating reactivity stratification in the cylinder via the use of two fuels characterized by distinctly different reactivities. The low reactivity and main fuel (i.e., natural gas) is firstly premixed with air and then charged into the cylinder through the intake manifold, and the high reactivity fuel (i.e., diesel) is then injected into the charged mixture through a direct injector. This combustion concept offers prominent benefits in terms of a significant reduction of particulate matter (PM) and sometimes nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions while maintaining comparable fuel efficiency compared to diesel engine. However, low thermal efficiency and high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under low load conditions are major challenges which prevented the implementation of dual-fuel concept in commercial automative engines. The present study investigates different combustion approaches with the aim to enhance combustion performance and reduce emissions of unburned methane, CO, NOx, soot, and GHG of natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engines under different engine load-speed conditions. In particular, the main focus of this thesis is on low load conditions where GHG emissions of conventional natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engine is much higher than that of conventional diesel engine. Alongside the experimental study, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model is developed to help understand the behaviour of natural gas/diesel dual-fuel combustion process under different engine load-speed conditions. The studied approaches showed that the fuel efficiency and GHG emissions of natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engine can be significantly improved under low engine load conditions compared to diesel engine.

Download or read book Optimizing the Performance and Emissions of an Advanced Diesel Engine for Dual Fuel Operation written by M Muralidharan and published by Mohammed Abdul Sattar. This book was released on 2024-03-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy is widely regarded as one of the key contributors to economic development and personal comfort. Economic expansion and energy use are closely related to one another. The availability of affordable, environmentally acceptable energy sources is necessary for the growth of an economy and for it to remain competitive on a global scale. Conversely, the level of economic development is considered to be affected by energy consumption. Due to rising population and economic development, consumption has recently increased. We are fortunate to have both moderate and renewable energy resources. We lack resources with a high energy density, such as nuclear power plants and fossil fuels. Diesel engines have slowly become more popular over the past century as a fuel-efficient and dependable form of transportation for commodities and the general public, as well as for other essential social needs, including small-scale power generation and other similar activities. They often have advantages over spark-ignition engines due to their reduced regulated emissions of CO, unburned HC & carbon dioxide (CO2) and better thermal efficiency. Diesel engines also have the advantage of using low-energy alternative fuels like biogas since they can run at a higher compression ratio. On the other hand, diesel engines generate dangerous pollutants, including PM and NOx. Because of their potential health hazards and effect on visibility, these emissions are a hazard. When exposed, particulate emissions have the potential to cause occupational cancer and have a number of other negative health effects. Diesel engines, when used as part of a transportation system, are widely acknowledged as a significant source of ambient particulate matter. Natural gas, a widely recognized gaseous alternative fuel, consists of various gas species and is derived from fossil sources. It is possible to find fossil natural gas either by itself or in conjunction with other fossil fuels (eg, coal in coal beds and crude oil in oil fields). Natural gas's properties are fundamentally identical to those of methane (CH4) which is its principal composition.

Download or read book Application of Natural Gas to a Dual fuelled Indirect Injection Diesel Engine written by Omar M. Eldib and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Alternative Fuels for Compression Ignition Engines written by Zainal Ambri Abdul Karim and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the development and utilization of alternative fuels in order to reduce or control the environmental impact of internal combustion engine exhaust gases. Discussing alternative fuels such as dual fuel techniques, rubber seed/palm oil biodiesel, syngas dual-fuelling, water-in-diesel emulsions and gasification of date palm seeds, it is a valuable resource for researchers in the field of engine development and on alternative fuels.

Download or read book Implementation and Control of Stoichiometric Natural Gas Combustion to Enable Low emission Diesel Engines written by Nathaniel Bryce Oliver and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expected growth in the heavy-duty transportation sector necessitates the development of engine technologies able to increase efficiency and reduce emissions without sacrificing power output. Previous research has demonstrated that reducing heat transfer losses from the cylinder can enable significant efficiency gains in Diesel engines. The high in-cylinder temperatures generated in this engine architecture enable the use of low-cetane fuels with the potential for low-soot operation. Low soot emissions allow the equivalence ratio to be increased to stoichiometric which increases power, and could allow the existing Diesel aftertreatment system to be replaced with a less-expensive three-way catalyst. Natural gas is a promising candidate for stoichiometric, high-temperature, Diesel-style combustion. Its high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio should be able to reduce both soot and carbon dioxide emissions, and its wide distribution as a commercial and residential fuel provides existing infrastructure to speed deployment in transportation applications. This thesis demonstrates stoichiometric, Diesel-style combustion of neat methane as a single-component surrogate for natural gas. It explores the challenges of injecting a gaseous fuel at high pressures, and demonstrates the fuel's capacity for low emissions. It then provides a preliminary investigation into multiple-injection strategies for controlling combustion behavior and emissions in a stoichiometric, high-temperature engine architecture. First, fuel system hardware is developed to enable gaseous operation and preliminary experimentation is accomplished with methane. A fuel compression system is designed to supply methane at pressures suitably high to achieve good mixing and short injection durations, and a solenoid-actuated Diesel fuel injector is modeled and modified to inject methane at these pressures. This fuel injection system is then implemented on a single-cylinder engine. An insulated piston face, air cooled head, and intake preheating achieve suitable start of injection temperatures to ignite methane. Intake preheating is varied at low equivalence ratios to determine the sensitivity of engine performance to temperature at the lowest-load, lowest-temperature conditions of interest. A sweep of equivalence ratio demonstrates soot emissions roughly four times the current EPA limit for heavy-duty vehicles and combustion efficiencies of approximately 92% at stoichiometric fuel loading. High soot levels and low combustion efficiencies are also seen at the lowest equivalence ratios investigated. This suggests poorly mixed combustion, and poor injector performance. Second, injector dynamics are examined in greater detailed, and emissions performance is characterized with improved injector performance. High-speed Schlieren imaging is able to determine the injection dynamics contributing to high low-load emissions. A parametric modeling investigation suggests that reducing the injector plunger length is able to remove flow rate oscillations seen at long injection durations, and that the addition of dry friction is able to reduce the magnitude of low-momentum post injections occurring after injector closing. Dry friction is implemented using PTFE O-rings installed between the injector body and plunger. Imaging is used to confirm that a shortened plunger is able to remove long-duration oscillations, and to determine the number of O-rings necessary to suitably reduce post injection magnitude. The improved injector is used to repeat the sweep of equivalence ratios and demonstrates improved soot emissions at all operating conditions. Most notably, low-load soot emissions are reduced by more than a factor of ten, demonstrating the effectiveness of improved injector performance for improving emissions. Techniques for further improving injector performance and potential changes to injector design are discussed. Finally, the prospects for controlling combustion in a stoichiometric, low heat rejection Diesel engine using multiple injections are discussed and experimentally investigated. The applications and effects of multiple injection strategies in traditional Diesel engines are explored, and their potential extension to stoichiometric engines is discussed. Methanol engine operation enables the use of a fast-actuating piezoinjector and the realization of short injection pulses. A range of two-injection strategies are implemented in order to determine the sensitivity of engine operation to pilot, split-main, and post-injection timing and duration. Small pilot injections are found to have control authority over rate of pressure rise and peak pressure and show some promise for improving combustion efficiency. Post injections demonstrate authority over peak pressure and combustion efficiency. All of these effects are accomplished with minimal impact on engine work output. The experiments of this thesis demonstrate that, even with course control of injection, high-temperature, stoichiometric combustion of methane is able to greatly reduce soot emissions over traditional Diesel engines. Improved injector dynamics and the implementation of multiple injection strategies further improve emissions and combustion performance, suggesting substantial room for refinement of the technology and motivating the continued development of injector hardware and injection strategies. The ability to operate a Diesel engine at stoichiometric fueled only by natural gas and to employ a three-way catalyst for emissions abatement makes this strategy a clean, efficient, high-torque, and low-cost solution for heavy-duty transportation.

Download or read book Green Diesel Engines written by Breda Kegl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a focus on ecology, economy and engine performance, diesel engines are explored in relation to current research and developments. The prevalent trends in this development are outlined with particular focus on the most frequently used alternative fuels in diesel engines; the properties of various type of biodiesel and the concurrent improvement of diesel engine characteristics using numeric optimization alongside current investigation and research work in the field. Following of a short overview of engine control, aftertreatment and alternative fuels, Green Diesel Engine explores the effects of biodiesel usage on injection, fuel spray, combustion, and tribology characteristics, and engine performance. Additionally, optimization procedures of diesel engine characteristics are discussed using practical examples and each topic is corroborated and supported by current research and detailed illustrations. This thorough discussion provides a solid foundation in the current research but also a starting point for fresh ideas for engineers involved in developing/adjusting diesel engines for usage of alternative fuels, researchers in renewable energy, as well as to engineers, advanced undergraduates, and postgraduates.

Download or read book Recent Researches in Engineering Sciences written by Hasan Koten and published by Livre de Lyon. This book was released on 2021-05-15 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Researches in Engineering Sciences

Download or read book Characteristics and Control of Low Temperature Combustion Engines written by Rakesh Kumar Maurya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with novel advanced engine combustion technologies having potential of high fuel conversion efficiency along with ultralow NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. It offers insight into advanced combustion modes for efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels. Fundamentals of various advanced low temperature combustion (LTC) systems such as HCCI, PCCI, PPC and RCCI engines and their fuel quality requirements are also discussed. Detailed performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of futuristic engine technologies such as PPC and RCCI employing conventional as well as alternative fuels are analyzed and discussed. Special emphasis is placed on soot particle number emission characterization, high load limiting constraints, and fuel effects on combustion characteristics in LTC engines. For closed loop combustion control of LTC engines, sensors, actuators and control strategies are also discussed. The book should prove useful to a broad audience, including graduate students, researchers, and professionals Offers novel technologies for improved and efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels; Deals with most advanced and futuristic engine combustion modes such as PPC and RCCI; Comprehensible presentation of the performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of low temperature combustion (LTC) engines; Deals with closed loop combustion control of advanced LTC engines; State-of-the-art technology book that concisely summarizes the recent advancements in LTC technology. .

Download or read book Internal Combustion Engines Improving Performance Fuel Economy and Emissions written by Federico Millo and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2020-10-02 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue, consisting of 14 papers, presents the latest findings concerning both numerical and experimental investigations. Their aim is to achieve a reduction in pollutant emissions, as well as an improvement in fuel economy and performance, for internal combustion engines. This will provide readers with a comprehensive, unbiased, and scientifically sound overview of the most recent research and technological developments in this field. More specific topics include: 3D CFD detailed analysis of the fuel injection, combustion and exhaust aftertreatments processes, 1D and 0D, semi-empirical, neural network-based control-oriented models, experimental analysis and the optimization of both conventional and innovative combustion processes.

Download or read book Experimental investigation and performance estimate of diesel engines burning natural gas written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medidas do desempenho de quatro diferentes motores, todos operandono modo bicombustível Diesel / gás natural, foram realizadas em dinamômetrode bancada. Selecionaram-se os motores a ensaiar por suas característicasconstrutivas e operacionais, representativas das distintas aplicações dos motoresDiesel (cilindrada, faixa de rotação, uso ou não da turbo-alimentação earrefecimento do ar de combustão). Variou-se a razão de substituição de Dieselpor gás natural de modo a levantar as regiões por onde a operaçãobicombustível é possível. Embora o foco do trabalho esteja sobre o desempenhotambém se tomaram dados relativos às emissões (fumaça / opacidade), tantodurante a operação original Diesel, quanto na bicombustível. Foram propostascorrelações empíricas para o rendimento térmico indicado, eficiência volumétricae atrito em motores Diesel. Podem-se usar, na falta de dados experimentaisprévios, tais correlações na estimativa do desempenho de motores diferentesdos testados. Os resultados indicam que, por grande parte dos campos defuncionamento, apenas parte do gás natural efetivamente queima. Em motoresoperando a baixa carga cerca de 20 30 % do gás fornecido passa ao coletor deescape sem reagir. Desenvolveu-se um modelo simples para a queima Diesel /gás. Parâmetros empíricos exigidos por tal modelo foram levantados com basedos pontos experimentais obtidos. Sugere-se usar tal modelo na previsão dodesempenho Diesel / gás de motores ainda não testados no modobicombustível. Os resultados sugerem que, em motores operando com razão ar /gás natural superior a, aproximadamente, 30, a queima do gás ocorre apenas noentorno do Diesel. Em misturas de razão ar / gás inferior a 30 a queima emfrentes de chama parece ocorrer. Em tais casos fica-se, também, sujeito aofuncionamento com detonação. As correlações empíricas levantadas foramutilizadas na conversão Diesel / gás natural de três diferentes grupos geradoresde eletricidade (motores de 212, 535 e 1.570 hp). De forma distinta das medidastomadas em laboratório as conversões destes geradores foram feitas em campo, sem oportunidade para a medida cuidadosa e metódica de todos os parâmetrosde interesse. Os dados verificados nas conversões de tais grupos geradores, quando considerados adequados, foram incorporados ao presente trabalho.

Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS)* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dis semination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the though that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemi nation. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 37 (thesis year 1992) a total of 12,549 thesis titles from 25 Canadian and 153 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this impor tant annual reference work. While Volume 37 reports theses submitted in 1992, on occasion, certain uni versities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.