Download or read book Performance Analysis of Plug in Hybrid Electric School Buses written by Sadia Sadiq and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Performance Modeling of Hybrid and Plug In Hybrid Electric School Buses Using ADVISOR written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hybrid electric vehicle is currently changing the automotive market at an impressive rate. While not as highly publicized, the transit bus market is being transformed at an equally great rate. As these markets move forward, the school bus market remains largely unchanged. As an unchanged market, there is still the opportunity to optimize a hybrid vehicle platform for school buses. This study begins the modeling process of an existing class C school bus and investigates the potential that both series and parallel hybrids to reduce fuel consumption and emissions for a school bus. The primary focus of this study is to investigate the potential benefits of adding an electricity grid interconnection to hybrid electric school buses, allowing them to add to the hybrid potential with a pre-charged battery pack from the electric utility grid. These vehicles are known as plug-in hybrids The school bus models shown in this paper were generated in a Matlab/Simulink-based program developed by NREL called ADVISOR. ADVISOR is used by vehicle manufacturers as a tool to experiment with different vehicle configurations. In this study both a generic series hybrid and a generic parallel hybrid are generated and then each is used in both charge-sustaining and charge-depleting scenarios with varying sizes of battery packs to increase the 'grid energy.' The results of each model are presented by both fuel economy and emissions reductions taking into account the power plant emissions and electricity costs. The results of the study show that by adding a plug-in connection to existing hybrids, significant savings can be achieved, both in fuel costs and in overall emissions. By analyzing the emissions both at the power plant level and at the vehicle level we show that emission of NOx, Particulate Matter and Carbon Dioxide emissions can all be reduced while saving on fuel costs. This study also shows that some models of traditional hybrid can be operated as plug-in models with little or no.
Download or read book Performance Modeling of Hybrid and Plug in Hybrid Electric School Buses Using ADVISOR written by Ewan Gareth David Pritchard and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: Grid Connected, Plug In, School Bus, Hybrid.
Download or read book Electric School Bus System Evaluation and Analysis written by Dahlia Garas and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Hybrid electric Transit Bus Technology written by Nigel N. Clark and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2009 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TCRP Report 132: Assessment of Hybrid-Electric Transit Bus Technology provides decisionmaking guidelines coupled with a comprehensive life cycle cost model (LCCM) to assist transit managers in evaluating, selecting, and implementing hybrid-electric technology options for transit buses. The guidelines and the accompanying LCC model resulted from the gathering of site data coupled with a comprehensive review of both capital requirements and operating costs of hybrid-electric buses in comparison with those powered by traditional diesel engines. Information grew out of a sound, engineering-based, independent technical evaluation of the costs, performance, and reliability of hybrid-electric transit bus technology in actual service. The LCC model, contained on the accompanying CD-ROM (CRP-CD-71), allows the user to compare the total life cycle costs across several cost categories for up to 6 different "purchase scenarios." These scenarios let the user decide when the purchases will be made, the types of buses to be compared, the work load of the buses, and many other cost inputs in determining benefits and costs associated with alternative purchasing strategies.
Download or read book Hybrid Electric Vehicles written by Stephanie Lines and published by Efficiency & Alternative Energy Technology Branch, Natural Resources Canada. This book was released on 1993 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This project includes the objectives of developing a rigorous simulation package applicable to all families of rubber-tired vehicles, capable of performing energy analysis, power analysis and emissions analysis ... The vehicles of choice for this particular program were standard 40 foot city transit buses which have a high start/stop cycle, low average speeds and significant potential for energy efficiency and emissions improvements."--Introduction.
Download or read book Electric and Hybrid Buses for Urban Transport written by Bogdan Ovidiu Varga and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-16 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic assessment of the performance of electric and hybrid buses in urban areas on a daily basis and presents a complete set of technical scenarios to promote their efficient exploitation. It will also help readers understand how future buses will perform on specific roads and how the latest technologies can be integrated into existing fleets by proposing a methodology for evaluating the energy consumption for general and specific routes and scenarios. Covering all aspects relating to the daily use of electric and hybrid buses, including maintenance strategies, power train configuration, battery replacements, route evaluation, and charging speed, emphasis is placed on energy efficiency and effective implementation. Addressing key developments in intelligent vehicle technologies, the book presents innovative transportation technologies and a broad range of topics in transportation-related sustainability research, from vehicle systems and design, to mass transit systems.
Download or read book Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Quasi Static Wireless Power Transfer for Plug In Hybrid Electric Transit Buses written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluates the costs and benefits associated with the use of a plug-in hybrid electric bus and determines the cost effectiveness relative to a conventional bus and a hybrid electric bus. A sensitivity sweep analysis was performed over a number of a different battery sizes, charging powers, and charging stations. The net present value was calculated for each vehicle design and provided the basis for the design evaluation. In all cases, given present day economic assumptions, the conventional bus achieved the lowest net present value while the optimal plug-in hybrid electric bus scenario reached lower lifetime costs than the hybrid electric bus. The study also performed parameter sensitivity analysis under low market potential assumptions and high market potential assumptions. The net present value of plug-in hybrid electric bus is close to that of conventional bus.
Download or read book Drive Cycle Analysis Measurement of Emissions and Fuel Consumption of a PHEV School Bus written by Robb Barnitt and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology may reduce fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions in many medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, including school buses. The true magnitude of these reductions is best assessed by comparative testing over relevant drive cycles. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) collected and analyzed real-world school bus drive cycle data, and selected similar standard drive cycles for testing on a chassis dynamometer. NREL tested a first-generation PHEV school bus equipped with a 6.4 L engine and an Enova PHEV drive system comprising a 25-kW/80 kW (continuous/peak) motor and a 370-volt lithium ion battery pack. For a baseline comparison, a Bluebird 7.2 L conventional school bus was also tested. Both vehicles were tested over three different drive cycles to capture a range of driving activity. Relative to the baseline school bus, the PHEV fuel savings in charge-depleting (CD) mode ranged from slightly more than 30% on the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule for Heavy Duty Vehicles and Rowan University Composite School Bus Cycle drive cycles to a little over 50% on the Orange County Bus cycle. However, the larger fuel savings lasted over a shorter driving distance, as the fully charged PHEV school bus would initially operate in CD mode for some distance, then in a transitional mode and finally in a charge-sustaining (CS) mode for continued driving. The test results indicate that a PHEV school bus can achieve significant fuel savings during CD operation relative to a conventional bus. In CS mode, the tested bus showed small fuel savings and somewhat higher nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions than the baseline comparison bus. Further refinements to realize hybridization fuel savings in CS mode and calibrations focused on reducing NOx could lead to both higher fuel economy and lower NOx emissions in the next generation PHEV bus design.
Download or read book Challenges and Experiences with Electric Propulsion Transit Buses in the United States written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Quasi In Motion Wireless Power Transfer for Plug In Hybrid Electric Transit Buses from Fleet Perspective written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated the costs and benefits associated with the use of stationary-wireless-power-transfer-enabled plug-in hybrid electric buses and determined the cost effectiveness relative to conventional buses and hybrid electric buses. A factorial design was performed over a number of different battery sizes, charging power levels, and f bus stop charging stations. The net present costs were calculated for each vehicle design and provided the basis for design evaluation. In all cases, given the assumed economic conditions, the conventional bus achieved the lowest net present cost while the optimal plug-in hybrid electric bus scenario beat out the hybrid electric comparison scenario. The parameter sensitivity was also investigated under favorable and unfavorable market penetration assumptions.
Download or read book Advanced Electric Drive Vehicles written by Ali Emadi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-10-02 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrification is an evolving paradigm shift in the transportation industry toward more efficient, higher performance, safer, smarter, and more reliable vehicles. There is in fact a clear trend to move from internal combustion engines (ICEs) to more integrated electrified powertrains. Providing a detailed overview of this growing area, Advanced Electric Drive Vehicles begins with an introduction to the automotive industry, an explanation of the need for electrification, and a presentation of the fundamentals of conventional vehicles and ICEs. It then proceeds to address the major components of electrified vehicles—i.e., power electronic converters, electric machines, electric motor controllers, and energy storage systems. This comprehensive work: Covers more electric vehicles (MEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), range-extended electric vehicles (REEVs), and all-electric vehicles (EVs) including battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) Describes the electrification technologies applied to nonpropulsion loads, such as power steering and air-conditioning systems Discusses hybrid battery/ultra-capacitor energy storage systems, as well as 48-V electrification and belt-driven starter generator systems Considers vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interface and electrical infrastructure issues, energy management, and optimization in advanced electric drive vehicles Contains numerous illustrations, practical examples, case studies, and challenging questions and problems throughout to ensure a solid understanding of key concepts and applications Advanced Electric Drive Vehicles makes an ideal textbook for senior-level undergraduate or graduate engineering courses and a user-friendly reference for researchers, engineers, managers, and other professionals interested in transportation electrification.
Download or read book Baseline Testing of the Hybrid Electric Transit Bus written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A government, industry and academic cooperative has developed a Hybrid Electric Transit Bus (HETB). Goals of the program include doubling the fuel economy of city transit buses currently in service, and reducing emissions to one-tenth of EPA standards. Unique aspects of the vehicle's power system include the use of ultra-capacitors for the energy storage system and the planned use of a natural gas fueled turbogenerator, to be developed from a small jet engine. At over 17000 kg gross weight, this is the largest vehicle to use ultra-capacitor energy storage. A description of the HETB, the results of performance testing, and future vehicle development plans are the subject of this report.Brown, Jeffrey C. and Eichenberg, Dennis J. and Thompson, William K.Glenn Research CenterELECTRIC HYBRID VEHICLES; URBAN TRANSPORTATION; ENGINE DESIGN; DESIGN ANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE TESTS; HYBRID PROPULSION; ENERGY STORAGE; CAPACITORS; NATURAL GAS; TURBOGENERATORS; FUEL CONSUMPTION; ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; JET ENGINES
Download or read book Hybrid electric Transit Buses written by Northeast Advanced Vehicle Consortium and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents an up-to-date description of emerging hybrid-electric drive technology for transit buses in the United States. The technology and its status, benefits, life-cycle costs, and deployment issues are discussed. The report is intended to provide transit agencies with information to compare the emissions and fuel economy expected from hybrid-electric transit buses with those expected from clean diesel or alternatively fueled buses.
Download or read book Electric Vehicles for Smart Cities written by Evanthia Nanaki and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric Vehicles for Smart Cities: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities uniquely examines different approaches to electric vehicle deployment in the context of smart cities. It provides a holistic picture of electromobility within urban areas, offering an integrated approach to city transportation systems by considering the energy systems, latest vehicle technologies, and transport infrastructure. Electric Vehicles for Smart Cities addresses the interaction between grid infrastructure, vehicles, costs and benefits, and operational reliability within an integrated framework. The book examines the role electric vehicles play in the social and political aspects of climate change mitigation, as well as a renewable energy-based economy. It explains how electric vehicles and their system requirements work, including recharging techniques and infrastructures, and discusses alternative market deployment approaches. Includes case studies from cities around the world, including Amsterdam, London, Oslo, Barcelona, Los Angeles, New York, Silicon Valley, Los Angeles, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Tokyo, and Goto Islands Traces the developments, innovations, advantages, and disadvantages in the electric car industry Provides learning aids such as discussion questions and text boxes
Download or read book Comparison of Emissions and Energy Consumptions Between a Conventional Diesel School Bus and a Plug in Hybrid School Bus Emphasizes on Recharging written by Claire Anne Florette and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantifying the emissions due to the charging of the batteries of the plug-in hybrid electricity school bus operated by the Austin Independent School District (AISD) is the focus of this work. This plug-in hybrid school bus is one of only nineteen in the country, and was manufactured by IC Corporation. This hybrid school bus reduces fuel consumption and CO2, NOx and PM emissions in comparison with conventional diesel buses. This reduction is good for the health of the children who take the school bus everyday as they are part of the population the most at risk because their lungs are still developing. In order to evaluate CO2, NOx and PM emissions, measurements of the charging of the batteries versus time were taken for the two charging periods each day during the months of April and May 2009. These measurements were repeated in October 2009 when the route was changed for the new school year: 2009-2010. An analysis of the Austin electricity mix that provides electricity to the bus center was done hour by hour to evaluate the emissions, calculated on a g/mile basis. Measurements of the vehicle speed versus time and altitude were taken during February 2010 in order to explain some of the differences observed between the two routes. Different parameters were studied to analyze the results. The first parameter studied was the impact of the season on the emissions. The second parameter studied was the impact of the route and its characteristics (road length, traffic, grade, etc.). The last parameter studied was the difference between two methods used to evaluate the emissions using the electricity mix data. These two methods are different but each of them brings something to the analysis of the results.
Download or read book System Level Analysis of Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles written by Sanjaka G. Wirasingha and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
