Download or read book Performance Analysis for Clock and Data Recovery Circuits Under Process Variation written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clock and data recovery circuits play a very important role in modern data communication systems. It has very wide application in many areas, such as optical communications and interconnection between chips [1]. Today in IC industry, the shrinkage of feature size increasingly enlarges the uncertainty of circuit performance caused by process variation. As the data transmission speed dramatically increases, this uncertainty will heavily affect the clock and data recovery circuit performance and reliability in communication systems. Thus, research on performance variation of a clock and data recovery circuit caused by process variation is meaningful. The conclusion will have significant influence on chip testing. In this research, a clock and data recovery circuit is laid out by TSMC 180nm technology. The performance variation caused by process variation is investigated by HSPICE simulation, and compared with the theoretical analysis results derived through the mathematical model of the clock and data recovery circuit. The results demonstrate that our theoretical model matches well with the real simulations. Both theoretical and simulation results also indicate that process variations in the low pass filter have significant impact on performance parameters such as damping ratio, natural frequency, and lock time of the clock and data recovery circuit. Reference 1. B. Razavi, Challenges in the design high-speed clock and data recovery circuits, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 94- 101, Aug. 2002.
Download or read book Monolithic Phase Locked Loops and Clock Recovery Circuits written by Behzad Razavi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-04-18 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring an extensive 40 page tutorial introduction, this carefully compiled anthology of 65 of the most important papers on phase-locked loops and clock recovery circuits brings you comprehensive coverage of the field-all in one self-contained volume. You'll gain an understanding of the analysis, design, simulation, and implementation of phase-locked loops and clock recovery circuits in CMOS and bipolar technologies along with valuable insights into the issues and trade-offs associated with phase locked systems for high speed, low power, and low noise.
Download or read book Analysis and Design of Robust Multi Gb s Clock and Data Recovery Circuits written by David James Rennie and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Timing Analysis and Optimization of Sequential Circuits written by Naresh Maheshwari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-10-31 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen rapid strides in the level of sophistication of VLSI circuits. On the performance front, there is a vital need for techniques to design fast, low-power chips with minimum area for increasingly complex systems, while on the economic side there is the vastly increased pressure of time-to-market. These pressures have made the use of CAD tools mandatory in designing complex systems. Timing Analysis and Optimization of Sequential Circuits describes CAD algorithms for analyzing and optimizing the timing behavior of sequential circuits with special reference to performance parameters such as power and area. A unified approach to performance analysis and optimization of sequential circuits is presented. The state of the art in timing analysis and optimization techniques is described for circuits using edge-triggered or level-sensitive memory elements. Specific emphasis is placed on two methods that are true sequential timing optimizations techniques: retiming and clock skew optimization. Timing Analysis and Optimization of Sequential Circuits covers the following topics: Algorithms for sequential timing analysis Fast algorithms for clock skew optimization and their applications Efficient techniques for retiming large sequential circuits Coupling sequential and combinational optimizations. Timing Analysis and Optimization of Sequential Circuits is written for graduate students, researchers and professionals in the area of CAD for VLSI and VLSI circuit design.
Download or read book VLSI written by Zhongfeng Wang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2010-02-01 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of Integrated Circuits (IC) started its era of VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) in 1970’s when thousands of transistors were integrated into one single chip. Nowadays we are able to integrate more than a billion transistors on a single chip. However, the term “VLSI” is still being used, though there was some effort to coin a new term ULSI (Ultra-Large Scale Integration) for fine distinctions many years ago. VLSI technology has brought tremendous benefits to our everyday life since its occurrence. VLSI circuits are used everywhere, real applications include microprocessors in a personal computer or workstation, chips in a graphic card, digital camera or camcorder, chips in a cell phone or a portable computing device, and embedded processors in an automobile, et al. VLSI covers many phases of design and fabrication of integrated circuits. For a commercial chip design, it involves system definition, VLSI architecture design and optimization, RTL (register transfer language) coding, (pre- and post-synthesis) simulation and verification, synthesis, place and route, timing analyses and timing closure, and multi-step semiconductor device fabrication including wafer processing, die preparation, IC packaging and testing, et al. As the process technology scales down, hundreds or even thousands of millions of transistors are integrated into one single chip. Hence, more and more complicated systems can be integrated into a single chip, the so-called System-on-chip (SoC), which brings to VLSI engineers ever increasingly challenges to master techniques in various phases of VLSI design. For modern SoC design, practical applications are usually speed hungry. For instance, Ethernet standard has evolved from 10Mbps to 10Gbps. Now the specification for 100Mbps Ethernet is on the way. On the other hand, with the popularity of wireless and portable computing devices, low power consumption has become extremely critical. To meet these contradicting requirements, VLSI designers have to perform optimizations at all levels of design. This book is intended to cover a wide range of VLSI design topics. The book can be roughly partitioned into four parts. Part I is mainly focused on algorithmic level and architectural level VLSI design and optimization for image and video signal processing systems. Part II addresses VLSI design optimizations for cryptography and error correction coding. Part III discusses general SoC design techniques as well as other application-specific VLSI design optimizations. The last part will cover generic nano-scale circuit-level design techniques.
Download or read book Design of Integrated Circuits for Optical Communications written by Behzad Razavi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only book on integrated circuits for optical communications that fully covers High-Speed IOs, PLLs, CDRs, and transceiver design including optical communication The increasing demand for high-speed transport of data has revitalized optical communications, leading to extensive work on high-speed device and circuit design. With the proliferation of the Internet and the rise in the speed of microprocessors and memories, the transport of data continues to be the bottleneck, motivating work on faster communication channels. Design of Integrated Circuits for Optical Communications, Second Edition deals with the design of high-speed integrated circuits for optical communication transceivers. Building upon a detailed understanding of optical devices, the book describes the analysis and design of critical building blocks, such as transimpedance and limiting amplifiers, laser drivers, phase-locked loops, oscillators, clock and data recovery circuits, and multiplexers. The Second Edition of this bestselling textbook has been fully updated with: A tutorial treatment of broadband circuits for both students and engineers New and unique information dealing with clock and data recovery circuits and multiplexers A chapter dedicated to burst-mode optical communications A detailed study of new circuit developments for optical transceivers An examination of recent implementations in CMOS technology This text is ideal for senior graduate students and engineers involved in high-speed circuit design for optical communications, as well as the more general field of wireline communications.
Download or read book Design of Mixed mode Adaptive Loop Gain Bang Bang Clock and Data Recovery and Process Variation Resilient Current Mode Logic written by Hyung-Joon Jeon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the volume of data processed by computers and telecommunication devices rapidly increases, high speed serial link has been challenged to maximize its I/O bandwidth with limited resources of channels and semiconductor devices. This trend requires designers̕ relentless effort for innovations. The innovations are required not only at system level but also at sub-system and circuit level. This dissertation discusses two important topics regarding high speed serial links: Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) and Current Mode Logic (CML). This dissertation proposes a mixed-mode adaptive loop gain Bang-Bang CDR. The proposed CDR enhances jitter performances even if jitter spectrum information is limited a priori. By exploiting the inherent hard-nonlinearity of the Bang-Bang Phase Detector (BBPD), the CDR loop gain is adaptively adjusted based on a posteriori jitter spectrum estimation. Maximizing advantages of analog and digital implementations, the proposed mixed-mode technique achieves PVT insensitive and power efficient loop gain adaptation for high speed applications even in limited ft technologies. A modified CML D-latch improves CDR input sensitivity and BBPD performance. A folded-cascode-based Charge Pump (CP) is proposed to minimize CP latency. The effectiveness of the proposed techniques was experimentally demonstrated by various jitter performance tests. This dissertation also presents a process-variation-resilient CML. A typical CML requires over-design to meet the specification over the wide range of process parameter variations. To address this issue, the proposed CML employs a time-reference-based adaptive biasing chain with replica load. It adjusts a variable load resistor to simultaneously regulate time-constant, voltage swing, level-shifting and DC gain. The performance of the high speed building blocks such as Bang-Bang Phase Detectors, frequency dividers and PRBS generators can be more accurately regulated with the proposed CML approach. The prototype is fabricated to experimentally compare the process-variation-induced performance degradation between the conventional and the proposed CML. Compared to the conventional CML, the proposed architecture significantly reduces the performance degradation on divider self-oscillation frequency, PRBS generator speed and PRBS output jitters over the process-variation with only
Download or read book Analog Circuit Design written by Michiel Steyaert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-19 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analog Circuit Design contains the contribution of 18 tutorials of the 17th workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design. Each part discusses a specific to-date topic on new and valuable design ideas in the area of analog circuit design. Each part is presented by six experts in that field and state of the art information is shared and overviewed. This book is number 17 in this successful series of Analog Circuit Design.
Download or read book Phase Locked Loop PLL Based Clock and Data Recovery Circuits CDR Using Calibrated Delay Flip Flop DFF written by Sagar Waghela and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Delay Flip Flop (DFF) is used in the phase detector circuit of the clock and data recovery circuit. A DFF consists of the three important timing parameters: setup time, hold time, and clock-to-output delay. These timing parameters play a vital role in designing a system at the transistor level. This thesis paper explains the impact of metastablity on the clock and data recovery (CDR) system and the importance of calibrating the DFF using a metastable circuit to improve a system's lock time and peak-to-peak jitter performance. The DFF was modeled in MATLAB Simulink software and calibrated by adjusting timing parameters. The CDR system was simulated in Simulink for three different cases: 1) equal setup and hold times, 2) setup time greater than the hold time, and 3) hold time greater than the setup time. The Simulink results were then compared with the Cadence simulation results, and it was observed that the calibration of DFF using a metastable circuit improved the CDR system's lock time and jitter tolerance performance. The overall power dissipation of the designed CDR system was 2.4 mW from a 1 volt supply voltage.
Download or read book PHASELOCK TECHNIQUES 1966 REPR 1967 written by Floyd Martin Gardner and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Speed Clock and Data Recovery Analysis written by Abishek Namachivayam and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Baud rate clock and data recovery circuits are critical to high speed serial links since these require only one sample per data period thereby requiring low speed samplers and comparators. This work models and discusses the backend of one particular Baud rate CDR – Mueller Muller, and analyses some of the building blocks of the CDR – Phase Detector, Phase Interpolator and the Quadrature Phase Generator. Firstly, a PAM-4 Quadrature Phase Detector operating at 80Gb/s is discussed. The challenges associated with designing a Mueller-Muller PD for an asymmetric channel are discussed and one way to resolve this issue is proposed. Then the underlying digital blocks that make up the Phase detector are expanded upon. Secondly, a 64-step digitally controlled Phase Interpolator running at 16GHz clock rate is analyzed and its design challenges with regards to achieving linearity and ensuring duty cycle fidelity are explored. Finally, a Quadrature Phase Generator with digital delay control is analyzed. It is modeled at 16GHz clock rate and the range/resolution problem and its impact on clock jitter is explored.
Download or read book Circuit Timing and Leakage Power Analysis Under Process Variations written by Hongliang Chang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protecting Chips Against Hold Time Violations Due to Variability written by Gustavo Neuberger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the development of Very-Deep Sub-Micron technologies, process variability is becoming increasingly important and is a very important issue in the design of complex circuits. Process variability is the statistical variation of process parameters, meaning that these parameters do not have always the same value, but become a random variable, with a given mean value and standard deviation. This effect can lead to several issues in digital circuit design. The logical consequence of this parameter variation is that circuit characteristics, as delay and power, also become random variables. Because of the delay variability, not all circuits will now have the same performance, but some will be faster and some slower. However, the slowest circuits may be so slow that they will not be appropriate for sale. On the other hand, the fastest circuits that could be sold for a higher price can be very leaky, and also not very appropriate for sale. A main consequence of power variability is that the power consumption of some circuits will be different than expected, reducing reliability, average life expectancy and warranty of products. Sometimes the circuits will not work at all, due to reasons associated with process variations. At the end, these effects result in lower yield and lower profitability. To understand these effects, it is necessary to study the consequences of variability in several aspects of circuit design, like logic gates, storage elements, clock distribution, and any other that can be affected by process variations. The main focus of this book will be storage elements.
Download or read book Clock and Data Recovery Loops A Frequency Domain Approach written by Mohammadhasan Fayazi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While being frequency compact and easy to implement, Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) encoded data does not contain any energy at its clock frequency which makes the clock extraction impossible using any kind of Linear Time Invariant (LTI) operations. Therefore, Clock Data Recovery circuits (CDRs) have an inherent non linear recovery process. In this work we present a frequency domain analysis of the mechanisms leading to the energy generation at clock frequency for NRZ clock data recovery systems. We also propose a frequency domain analysis which is applicable to both Bang-Bang and linear loops. We show the theory results match the measurements very well.
Download or read book Machine Learning based Design and Optimization of High Speed Circuits written by Vazgen Melikyan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-31 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes machine learning-based new principles, methods of design and optimization of high-speed integrated circuits, included in one electronic system, which can exchange information between each other up to 128/256/512 Gbps speed. The efficiency of methods has been proven and is described on the examples of practical designs. This will enable readers to use them in similar electronic system designs. The author demonstrates newly developed principles and methods to accelerate communication between ICs, working in non-standard operating conditions, considering signal deviation compensation with linearity self-calibration. The observed circuit types also include but are not limited to mixed-signal, high performance heterogeneous integrated circuits as well as digital cores.
Download or read book Principles of Data Conversion System Design written by Behzad Razavi and published by Wiley-IEEE Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This advanced text and reference covers the design and implementation of integrated circuits for analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion. It begins with basic concepts and systematically leads the reader to advanced topics, describing design issues and techniques at both circuit and system level. Gain a system-level perspective of data conversion units and their trade-offs with this state-of-the art book. Topics covered include: sampling circuits and architectures, D/A and A/D architectures; comparator and op amp design; calibration techniques; testing and characterization; and more!
Download or read book DRAM Circuit Design written by Brent Keeth and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-12-04 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A modern, comprehensive introduction to DRAM for students and practicing chip designers Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) technology has been one of the greatestdriving forces in the advancement of solid-state technology. With its ability to produce high product volumes and low pricing, it forces solid-state memory manufacturers to work aggressively to cut costs while maintaining, if not increasing, their market share. As a result, the state of the art continues to advance owing to the tremendous pressure to get more memory chips from each silicon wafer, primarily through process scaling and clever design. From a team of engineers working in memory circuit design, DRAM Circuit Design gives students and practicing chip designers an easy-to-follow, yet thorough, introductory treatment of the subject. Focusing on the chip designer rather than the end user, this volume offers expanded, up-to-date coverage of DRAM circuit design by presenting both standard and high-speed implementations. Additionally, it explores a range of topics: the DRAM array, peripheral circuitry, global circuitry and considerations, voltage converters, synchronization in DRAMs, data path design, and power delivery. Additionally, this up-to-date and comprehensive book features topics in high-speed design and architecture and the ever-increasing speed requirements of memory circuits. The only book that covers the breadth and scope of the subject under one cover, DRAM Circuit Design is an invaluable introduction for students in courses on memory circuit design or advanced digital courses in VLSI or CMOS circuit design. It also serves as an essential, one-stop resource for academics, researchers, and practicing engineers.
