Download or read book Perforated Diode Neutron Sensors written by Walter J. McNeil and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel design of neutron sensor was investigated and developed. The perforated, or micro-structured, diode neutron sensor is a concept that has the potential to enhance neutron sensitivity of a common solid-state sensor configuration. The common thin-film coated diode neutron sensor is the only semiconductor-based neutron sensor that has proven feasible for commercial use. However, the thin-film coating restricts neutron counting efficiency and severely limits the usefulness of the sensor. This research has shown that the perforated design, when properly implemented, can increase the neutron counting efficiency by greater than a factor of 4. Methods developed in this work enable detectors to be fabricated to meet needs such as miniaturization, portability, ruggedness, and adaptability. The new detectors may be used for unique applications such as neutron imaging or the search for special nuclear materials. The research and developments described in the work include the successful fabrication of variant perforated diode neutron detector designs, general explanations of fundamental radiation detector design (with added focus on neutron detection and compactness), as well as descriptive theory and sensor design modeling useful in predicting performance of these unique solid-state radiation sensors. Several aspects in design, fabrication, and operational performance have been considered and tested including neutron counting efficiency, gamma-ray response, perforation shapes and depths, and silicon processing variations. Finally, the successfully proven technology was applied to a 1-dimensional neutron sensor array system.
Download or read book Analysis and Characterization of Perforated Neutron Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perforated neutron detectors suffer the unfortunate effect that their efficiency is a strong function of the direction of neutron incidence. It is found, by Monte Carlo simulation of many perforation shapes, that sinusoidal-type perforations greatly reduce the variation of detector efficiency. Detectors with rod-type perforations are modeled using a hybrid transport method linking the MCNP transport code and a specialized ion-transport code to calculate the probability that a neutron is detected. Channel, chevron, and sinusoidal perforations are modeled using other customized transport codes. Detector efficiency calculations are performed for neutrons incident at various polar and azimuthal angles. It is discovered that the efficiency losses of the detectors result from the decreasing solid angle subtended by the detector from the source and streaming through the detector at specific azimuthal angles. Detectors achieving an efficiency in excess of 10% and having a relatively flat " 1% angular dependence in all azimuthal angles and polar angles between 0 and 60°are predicted. Efficiencies up to 25% are achievable at the loss of directional independence. In addition to minimizing the directional dependence of the perforated detectors, the feasibility of developing a neutron detector for deployment in cargo containers to locate nuclear weapon pits is investigated using the MCNP transport code. The detector considered is a 7-mm diameter, 6LiF, rod-perforated detector surrounded in a cylinder of polyethylene. The optimum thicknesses of surrounding polyethylene, to maximize the response of the detector, is determined to be 10 cm of radial, 5 cm of front, and 5 cm of back polyethylene for end-on neutron incidence. Such a detector is predicted to produce a count rate between 12 and 15 cpm from a nuclear-weapon pit composed of 90% 239Pu and 10% 240Pu at a distance of 3 m. Side incidence is also considered, and the optimum moderator dimensions are 8 cm of radial, 10 cm of front, and 10 cm of back polyethylene that produce approximately the same count rate.
Download or read book Development of a Solid State Neutron Detector for SNAP 10A written by A. Chesavage and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Issues in Nuclear High Energy Plasma Particle and Condensed Matter Physics 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 3888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics. The editors have built Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Neutron Transmutation Doping of Silicon for the Production of Radiation Detectors written by D. Alexiev and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Micro and Nanostructured Composite Materials for Neutron Shielding Applications written by Sajith Thottathil Abdulrahman and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro- and Nanostructured Composite Materials for Neutron Shielding Applications presents recent developments and future possibilities for neutron shielding materials. Emphasis is placed on the correlation between the morphology, shielding mechanisms, and other desired properties, including their mechanical and thermal properties. The effect of neutron absorbing fillers, including their size on final properties is also examined, as are recent advancements in preparation, characterization and simulation techniques. Written by specialists in their respective fields, this comprehensive resource will help professionals and students understand the fundamentals of neutron shielding, as well as the properties of micro- and nanopolymer-based composites, concrete materials, alloy materials and metal-ceramic composites. - Provides an up-to-date understanding of the fundamentals of shielding mechanisms, morphology and material property correlations - Covers a broad range of micro and nano composite materials for neutron shielding - Discusses recent advances surrounding the synthesis and processing of nanostructures and nanocomposite materials
Download or read book Measurement and Safety written by Béla G. Lipták and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 2226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is dedicated to the next generation of automation engineers working in the fields of measurement, control, and safety, describing the sensors and detectors used in the measurement of process variables.
Download or read book Instrument and Automation Engineers Handbook written by Bela G. Liptak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-08-31 with total page 3560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Instrument and Automation Engineers’ Handbook (IAEH) is the Number 1 process automation handbook in the world. The two volumes in this greatly expanded Fifth Edition deal with measurement devices and analyzers. Volume one, Measurement and Safety, covers safety sensors and the detectors of physical properties, while volume two, Analysis and Analysis, describes the measurement of such analytical properties as composition. Complete with 245 alphabetized chapters and a thorough index for quick access to specific information, the IAEH, Fifth Edition is a must-have reference for instrument and automation engineers working in the chemical, oil/gas, pharmaceutical, pollution, energy, plastics, paper, wastewater, food, etc. industries.
Download or read book Non streaming High efficiency Perforated Semiconductor Neutron Detectors Methods of Making Same and Measuring Wand and Detector Modules Utilizing Same written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-streaming high-efficiency perforated semiconductor neutron detectors, method of making same and measuring wands and detector modules utilizing same are disclosed. The detectors have improved mechanical structure, flattened angular detector responses, and reduced leakage current. A plurality of such detectors can be assembled into imaging arrays, and can be used for neutron radiography, remote neutron sensing, cold neutron imaging, SNM monitoring, and various other applications.
Download or read book Semiconductor Radiation Detectors written by Alan Owens and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choice Recommended Title, July 2020 Bringing together material scattered across many disciplines, Semiconductor Radiation Detectors provides readers with a consolidated source of information on the properties of a wide range of semiconductors; their growth, characterization and the fabrication of radiation sensors with emphasis on the X- and gamma-ray regimes. It explores the promise and limitations of both the traditional and new generation of semiconductors and discusses where the future in semiconductor development and radiation detection may lie. The purpose of this book is two-fold; firstly to serve as a text book for those new to the field of semiconductors and radiation detection and measurement, and secondly as a reference book for established researchers working in related disciplines within physics and engineering. Features: The only comprehensive book covering this topic Fully up-to-date with new developments in the field Provides a wide-ranging source of further reference material
Download or read book The Development of a Fast Neutron Spectrometer Using Silicon Surface Barrier Diodes written by J. J. Baum and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Material Evaluation for Large Area Neutron Detectors written by John Winter Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid-state thermal neutron detectors are typically composed of two distinct layers: a neutron converting layer and a semiconductor diode. The converting layer absorbs incident neutrons and converts them into one or more charged particles via nuclear reaction. The semiconductor diode absorbs the energy of one or more of the charged particle products and produces an electrical pulse when coupled to a charge sensitive amplifier. In this work the optimal thickness of both the converting layer and the semiconductor diode are evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations for two different converting materials ( 6 LiF and 10 B) and five common semiconductor materials used in radiation detection (Si, diamond, CdTe, GaAs, and ZnO). Diodes fabricated from Si wafers and thin films of both ZnO and CdTe are evaluated experimentally, both in terms of their alpha and neutron response. Thin film CdTe:CdS diodes are reported for the first time to produce a significant and reproducible electrical pulse from the impingement of a single alpha particle, demonstrating this material as a promising candidate for large-area solid-state neutron detectors.
Download or read book Neutron Detectors for Scattering Applications written by Yacouba Diawara and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the most common neutron detectors used in neutron scattering facilities and all of those in use at Oak Ridge National Lab. It starts describing the facilities, instruments and the critical detector parameters needed by various instruments. Then the key components of the 3He-based linear position-sensitive detectors as well as on their electronics, which require particular attention to signal processing and noise reduction, are introduced. One chapter is dedicated to the 3He alternatives where scintillators play a critical role. It also covers emerging neutron detection technologies including semiconductors, vacuum-based devices and their associated readouts, which will be required in the future for high rate and high-resolution neutron detectors. The authors explain the logic behind the choice of materials as well as the various constraints that neutron detectors must respect to be useful. Some of these constraints, such as efficiency and gamma-ray sensitivity are common to all neutron counters while others, like timing resolution, dynamic range, and peak counting rate, depend on the applications. The book guides experts, the nuclear science community, and young scholars through the physical processes and the required electronics in a way that is accessible for those not professionally involved in designing detector’s components and electronic circuits.
Download or read book Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials written by Zhe Chuan Feng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through their application in energy-efficient and environmentally friendly devices, zinc oxide (ZnO) and related classes of wide gap semiconductors, including GaN and SiC, are revolutionizing numerous areas, from lighting, energy conversion, photovoltaics, and communications to biotechnology, imaging, and medicine. With an emphasis on engineering a
Download or read book Neutron Detection Using Gadolinium based Diodes written by Benjamin R. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lithium Iodide Neutron Detector written by A. W. Schardt and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Caught by Surprise written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
