Download or read book Perforated Clay Bricks written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An early Digest- No 53 in the First Series - was published in 1953 to encourage the manufacture and use of perforated clay bricks as opposed to the wholly solid units in general use in Great Britain at that time. The claimed advantages were mainly of benefit to the manufacturer: savings in drying and firing time, and reductions in costs of fuel, materials and transport. But some advantages were suggested for the user: lower unit cost, savings on transport to site, easier handling and laying because of lower weight, improved thermal insulation and more consistent quality. It was also claimed that perforated units would have adequate strength, resistance to rain penetration, durability and fire resistance. At the time, there was very little British experience of perforated bricks and virtually no experimental data; the advice and conclusions were, therefore, largely qualitative and based mainly on Continental practice and experience. The advantages have, however, become recognised gradually and the position now is that most bricks produced by the extrusion/wire cutting process (about 30 per cent of the total UK brick production) have some degree of perforation; typical examples are shown in Fig 1. There are now greater incentives to save fuel and conserve resources. In the light of more experimental data, this digest reviews the current situation. In this digest, a brick is considered to be perforated if it has holes passing through it, regardless of their size or number. This is not strictly in accordance with BS 3921: 1974 in which a brick is considered to be perforated when the holes passing through it exceed 25 per cent of its volume; below 25 per cent perforation, the Standard considers a brick to be 'solid' for structural design purposes.
Download or read book Clay Bricks written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clay Bricks written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perforated Clay Bricks written by Building Research Station and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigations of the Monolithic Quality of Brickwork of Big Blocks of Perforated Clay Bricks written by S. M. Starostin and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eco efficient Masonry Bricks and Blocks written by Fernando Pacheco-Torgal and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masonry walls constitute the interface between the building’s interior and the outdoor environment. Masonry walls are traditionally composed of fired-clay bricks (solid or perforated) or blocks (concrete or earth-based), but in the past (and even in the present) they were often associated as needing an extra special thermal and acoustical insulation layer. However, over more recent years investigations on thermal and acoustical features has led to the development of new improved bricks and blocks that no longer need these insulation layers. Traditional masonry units (fired-clay bricks, concrete or earth-based blocks) that don’t offer improved performance in terms of thermal and acoustical insulation are a symbol of a low-technology past, that are far removed from the demands of sustainable construction.This book provides an up-to-date state-of-the-art review on the eco-efficiency of masonry units, particular emphasis is placed on the design, properties, performance, durability and LCA of these materials. Since masonry units are also an excellent way to reuse bulk industrial waste the book will be important in the context of the Revised Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC which states that the minimum reuse and recycling targets for construction and demolition waste (CDW) should be at least 70% by 2020. On the 9th of March 2011 the European Union approved the Regulation (EU) 305/2011, known as the Construction Products Regulation (CPR) and it will be enforced after the 1st of July 2013. The future commercialization of construction materials in Europe makes their environmental assessment mandatory meaning that more information related to the environmental performance of building materials is much needed. Provides an authoritative guide to the eco-efficiency of masonry units Examines the reuse of waste materials Covers a range of materials including, clay, cement, earth and pumice
Download or read book Bricks written by Brick Development Association and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earthquake resistant Design Of Masonry Buildings written by Miha Tomazevic and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999-07-05 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few decades, a considerable amount of experimental and analytical research on the seismic behaviour of masonry walls and buildings has been carried out. The investigations resulted in the development of methods for seismic analysis and design, as well as new technologies and construction systems. After many centuries of traditional use and decades of allowable stress design, clear concepts for limit state verification of masonry buildings under earthquake loading have recently been introduced in codes of practice.Although this book is not a review of the state-of-the-art of masonry structures in earthquake zones, an attempt has been made to balance the discussion on recent code requirements, state-of-the-art methods of earthquake-resistant design and the author's research work, in order to render the book useful for a broader application in design practice. An attempt has also been made to present, in a condensed but easy to understand way, all the information needed for earthquake-resistant design of masonry buildings constructed using traditional systems. The basic concepts of limit state verification are presented and equations for seismic resistance verification of masonry walls of all types of construction, (unreinforced, confined and reinforced) as well as masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames, are addressed. A method for seismic resistance verification, compatible with recent code requirements, is also discussed. In all cases, experimental results are used to explain the proposed methods and equations.An important part of this book is dedicated to the discussion of the problems of repair, retrofit and rehabilitation of existing masonry buildings, including historical structures in urban centres. Methods of strengthening masonry walls as well as improving the structural integrity of existing buildings are described in detail. Wherever possible, experimental evidence regarding the effectiveness of the proposed strengthening methods is given.
Download or read book Fastwall Clay Brick 305 X 90 X 162 Mm and 44 Per Cent Perforation written by Australian Building Systems Appraisal Council and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Complete Technology Book on Bricks Cement and Asbestos written by NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers and published by NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bricks, cement and asbestos have major role in building and road construction. Construction industry is the largest consumer of material resources, of both the natural ones (like stone, bricks, cement, lime) and the processed and synthetic ones. Each material which is used in the construction, in one form or the other is known as construction material (engineering material). No material, existing in the universe is useless; every material has its own field of application. A brick is a block of ceramic material used in masonry construction, usually laid using various kinds of mortar. It has been regarded as one of the longest lasting and strongest building materials used throughout history. Brick is the most commonly used building material which is light, easily available, and uniform in shape and size and relatively cheaper except in hilly areas. Bricks are easily moulded from plastic clays, also known as brick clays or brick earth. Bricks can be moulded by any of the three methods; soft mud process, stiff mud process and semi dry process. There are various kinds of bricks; silica bricks, carbon bricks, magnesite bricks, dolomite bricks, alumino silicate bricks, refractory bricks, etc. Cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The most important use of cement is the production of mortar and concrete the bonding of natural or artificial aggregates to form a strong building material that is durable in the face of normal environmental effects. Cement is made by heating limestone (calcium carbonate) with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450 °C in a kiln, in a process known as calcination, whereby a molecule of carbon dioxide is liberated from the calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide, or quicklime, which is then blended with the other materials that have been included in the mix. The resulting hard substance, called clinker, is then ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement, the most commonly used type of cement (often referred to as OPC). Asbestos is a set of six naturally occurring silicate minerals used commercially for their desirable physical properties. Asbestos mineral have an almost unique combination of physical and chemical properties. The most widespread modern uses of asbestos are in fireproof textiles, papers and boards and in brake and clutch linings for many kinds of vehicle and machinery. The three main kinds of asbestos which have had wide commercial exploitation are chrysolite, amosite and crocidolite. Some of the major contents of the book are moulded and ornamental bricks and blocks, including copings and lintels, cutters and rubbers, fireplace bricks, fire bricks and other refractory bricks mixing, tempering mills or wet pans, the addition of water, souring, de airing, shaping the bricks, bricks made of calcined clay or grog, silica bricks, transition temperatures of silica on cooling, alumino silicate bricks, magnesium silicate bricks (forsterite bricks), high alumina bricks, spinel bricks, developments in refractory brick, production of cement clinker, introduction, preparation of kiln feed, wet and semi wet processes, dry and semi dry processes, pyroprocessing: principal manufacturing processes, wet and semi wet processes, dry processes, semi dry (lepol) process, clinker cooling, refractories, electric power consumption , plastic moulding by machinery the machine moulding process, moulding machines, the wire cut or extrusion process, selection of machinery, power, individual machines, shredding machines , grids, feeders, proportioning, proportioning feeders, crushing rolls, high speed rolls, dressing the rolls, edge runner mills, tempering mills etc. The present book contains processes of different types of bricks making, cement manufacturing and production of asbestos. The book is very resourceful for new entrepreneur, existing units, professionals, institutions related to building construction, research scholars etc.
Download or read book Computer Methods in Structural Masonry 4 written by G.N Pande and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-01-14 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings of the fourth symposium on this topic examine the rapid advances and innovations being made in the theoretical and applied aspects of structural masonry. Focusing on the integration of computer modelling with experimental methods, assessment techniques, restoration and retro-fitting procedures, this is a thorough examination of the
Download or read book Civil Engineering Construction Materials written by S.K. Sharma and published by KHANNA PUBLISHING HOUSE. This book was released on 2016-10 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective kept in mind in writing this book is to familiarize the readers with various types of construction materials their manufacture or production, classification, important physical and chemical properties, their uses advantages, disadvantages, testing etc. The book has been written in a very simple and lucid language, illustrated with neatly drawn diagrams and problems The book is designed keeping in mind syllabus of various universities, AIME, The book will prove equally useful to the practicing engineers.
Download or read book Dictionary of Architecture and Building Construction written by Nikolas Davies and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-06-19 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 20,000 words and terms individually defined, the Dictionary offers huge coverage for anyone studying or working in architecture, construction or any of the built environment fields. The innovative and detailed cross-referencing system allows readers to track down elusive definitions from general subject headings. Starting from only the vaguest idea of the word required, a reader can quickly track down precisely the term they are looking for. The book is illustrated with stunning drawings that provide a visual as well as a textual definition of both key concepts and subtle differences in meaning. Davies and Jokiniemi's work sets a new standard for reference books for all those interested in the buildings that surround us. To browse the book and to see how this title is an invaluable resource for both students and professionals alike, visit www.architectsdictionary.com.
Download or read book Masonry Wall Construction written by A.W. Hendry and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-11 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a concise overview of the main facets of masonry wall construction, including materials, structural design, types of walls, movement, insulation, rain exclusion, site practice, defects and repair. The subject is covered in sufficient depth for a comprehensive introduction with reading lists after each chapter for those interest
Download or read book Statutory Rules and Orders Other Than Those of a Local Personal Or Temporary Character written by Great Britain and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 1570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Statutory Rules and Orders Other Than Those of a Local Personal Or Temporary Character varies Slightly written by Great Britain. Laws, statutes, etc and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 1564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fire clay Brick written by United States. Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
