Download or read book Perchlorate in the Environment written by Edward Todd Urbansky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a symposium sponsored by the Environmental Division of the American Chemical Society, Perchlorate in the Environment is the first comprehensive book to address perchlorate as a potable water contaminant. The two main topics are: analytical chemistry (focusing on ion chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), and treatment or remediation. Also included are topics such as ion exchange, phytoremediation, bacterial reduction of perchlorate, bioreactors, and in situ bioremediation. To provide complete coverage, background chapters on fundamental chemistry, toxicology, and reulatory issues are also included. The authors are environmental consultants, government researchers, industry experts, and university professors from a wide array of disciplines.
Download or read book Perchlorate written by Kathleen Sellers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-08-30 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of analytical methods for identifying widespread perchlorate contamination brought about an explosion of research into the environmental problems and their potential solutions along with a corresponding increase in the availability of information. Unlike reference works that focus on only a few aspects of this contaminant, Perchlora
Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation of Perchlorate in Groundwater written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-02 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Superfund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid 1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action”, our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing technologies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.
Download or read book Perchlorate written by Baohua Gu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-02 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed description of perchlorate chemistry and recent advances in innovative remediation technologies for perchlorate contamination and their pros and cons Additionally, the first book to describe the natural occurrence of perchlorate and its unique isotopic signatures for environmental forensics and its detection in the environment, particularly the real-time analysis using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Download or read book National Assessment of Perchlorate Contamination Occurrence written by Hsiao-Chiu Wang and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2002 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Contamination Department of Defense Activities Related to Trichloroethylene Perchlorate and Other Emerging Contaminants written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatability of Perchlorate in Groundwater Using Ion Exchange Technology Phase II written by L. Aldridge and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 2005-04-30 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1997, several perchlorate treatment technologies have proven to be technically feasible at drinking-water treatment scale: biological reduction, ion exchange, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and granular activated carbon (GAC). The objectives of this project were to demonstrate the long-term performance of conventional ion-exchange technology for perchlorate removal and evaluate three disparate alternatives (chemical, biological, electrolytic) for brine treatment and reuse. This project evaluated three fundamentally different brine treatment and reuse processes. The first process, the biological brine treatment system, operated as a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Spent 3 percent (0.5 N NaCl) brine was introduced to the nitrate and perchlorate degrading culture in the reactor and acetic acid was supplied to this culture as an electron donor for the reduction process. Once the nitrate and perchlorate were biodegraded, the mixture was settled, filtered, and amended with chloride before its reuse as regenerant solution. The second process, the physical/chemical brine treatment system, employed a high-pressure and high-temperature catalytic process to reduce the nitrate and perchlorate in the spent brine. After the process, the treated brine was ready for reuse without subsequent treatment. The system used a stoichiometric dose of a chemical reductant (ammonia) based on the measured concentrations of nitrate and perchlorate in the spent brine. The last process, a simple bipolar electrochemical cell, electrolytically reduced the perchlorate and/or nitrate present in the spent ion exchange brine. Once reduced, the brine could be immediately reused. This process did not require the addition of an electron donor as with the biological process, or a reductant as with the physical/chemical treatment process.
Download or read book Perchlorate in Drinking Water Scientific Collaboration in Defining Safety written by Daland R. Juberg and published by Am Cncl on Science, Health. This book was released on 2002 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perchlorate written by John B. Stephenson and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Perchlorate is both a man-made and naturally occurring chemical used in rocket fuel, explosives, fireworks, and other products. Naturally occurring perchlorate is produced through atmospheric processes and then settles on surface water or land. It can disrupt the uptake of iodide in the thyroid, potentially interfering with thyroid function and negatively affecting fetal and infant brain development and growth. This report examined: (1) what is known about the extent to which perchlorate occurs in the nation's water and food supply and its likely sources; (2) what actions DoD, NASA, and DoE have taken to respond to or lessen perchlorate releases; and (3) what actions states, such as CA and MA, have taken to regulate perchlorate. Charts and tables.
Download or read book Perchlorate in Drinking Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perchlorate written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Environment and Hazardous Materials and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perchlorate written by John B. Stephenson and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2005-11 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perchlorate, a primary ingredient in propellant, has been used for decades in the manufacture & firing of rockets & missiles. Other uses include fireworks, flares, & explosives. Perchlorate has been found in drinking water, groundwater, surface water, & soil. Certain levels of perchlorate exposure may not adversely affect healthy adults but more studies should be conducted on the effects of perchlorate exposures in children & pregnant women. This report determined: the est. extent of perchlorate in the U.S.; what actions have been taken to address perchlorate; & what studies of perchlorate's health risks have reported. EPA should work with fed. agencies & the states to establish a structure to track & monitor perchlorate detections & cleanup efforts. Illus.
Download or read book Perchlorate written by Brian Scott Aikin and published by Lawyers & Judges Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perchlorate, a naturally occurring and synthesized chemical, is generating intense publicity, scientific debate, regulatory scrutiny, and litigation across the United States. The substance has been widely used for over sixty years in the production of rocket fuel, flares, fireworks, electronics, and munitions, but did not emerge as a significant environmental issue until the mid-1990s, when improved analytical testing methods permitted its detection in groundwater at 4 parts per billion. As of 2005, perchlorate has been detected in forty-nine of the fifty states, and is the focus of mounting regulatory enforcement actions and widespread civil litigation. Perchlorate: A Scientific, Legal, and Economic Assessment is designed to educate and inform business, environmental, legal, and academic audiences about the history and development of the perchlorate controversy. It is also intended to provide practical advice and guidance to those involved in perchlorate litigation, remediation, and regulation. The book identifies and discusses existing and anticipated liability theories and damage claims asserted in perchlorate litigation. The authors explain the theories of environmental liability, identify the tort claims most commonly asserted in environmental litigation, and provide an overview of environmental class actions. The book includes chapters covering key practical issues raised in perchlorate litigation, such as estimating monetary damages, the retention and use of experts, and obtaining insurance coverage for liabilities. These important topics will assist legal and other professionals involved in current perchlorate litigation and provide a broad base of knowledge to apply in future environmental contamination litigation.
Download or read book Remediation Technologies for Perchlorate Contamination in Water and Soil PERC 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perchlorate, an anion, consists of one chlorine atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (ClO4 –) and is both naturally occurring and manmade. Highly soluble and mobile in water, perchlorate is generally very stable in the dissolved state. Most of the attention focused on perchlorate has concerned its presence in groundwater and surface water. However, perchlorate can also be found in soil and vegetation and has entered the human and environmental food chains. Perchlorate occurrence in drinking water and food supplies is a human health concern because it can interfere with iodide uptake by the thyroid gland and result in decreased thyroid hormone production. Past management practices were not concerned with the release of perchlorate to the environment because it was not recognized or regarded as a contaminant of concern. Widespread perchlorate presence in the United States was observed after the spring of 1997 when an analytical method was developed with a quantitation level of 4 parts per billion. Subsequent advances in analytical chemistry have proven perchlorate to be more widespread in the environment than previously thought. Chapter 1 provides an overview of perchlorate issues.
Download or read book Addressing Perchlorate Contamination of Drinking water Sources in California written by Bryan Ehlers and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perchlorate in Groundwater written by Groundwater Resources Association of California and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Field Screening Method for Perchlorate in Water and Soil written by Philip G. Thorne and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low concennations (microgram/L of the perchlorate anion ClO4 have been measured in drinking water supplies in many states throughout the United States. Federal and state regulatory agencies are concerned about the possible adverse effects of perchlorate contamination as the anion is known to target the human thyroid gland and its metabolic-hormone-producing function. The provisional aenon level for drinking water established by the EPA and adopted by several states is 18 microgram/L (18 ppb) perchlorate; however other states have set levels as low as 1-4 microgram/L. The major sources of perchlorate contamination in surface and ground waters are propellant manufacturers, military installations defense connactors and agriculture.
