Download or read book Perceptions of Success in Serious Juvenile Offenders written by Ivan G. Birch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite having implications for several theoretical frameworks in criminology, most notably Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory (1992), few researchers have assessed the impact of how serious offenders’ perceptions of success are related to the perceived chances of their getting a good job, finishing school, getting married, and staying out of the criminal justice system over a several year period. The following research evaluates the changes in chances of success using Group-Based Trajectory Analysis over time to assess whether: 1. Certain groups of offenders tend to follow differing trajectories of perceived chances for success over a seven-year time period, 2. These groups differ in levels of offending and criminal behavior, and 3. Demographic variables predict group membership. Results show perceptions of success do follow distinct trajectories, these trajectories are significantly related to crime, and demographic variables do influence group membership. The results have theoretical importance and may have practical policy implications for some of the most serious juvenile offenders.
Download or read book Perceptions of the Legal System and Recidivism written by Anna Abate and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Youth crime is a significant problem in the United States, and the link between youth delinquency and future adult criminal behavior is well documented (Kalist, Lee, and Spurr, 2015; Paternoster, Brame, and Farrington, 2001). Theories and previous research of perceptions of the legal system indicate that individuals who view interactions with the legal system as respectful and legal decision-making procedures as fair are more likely to comply with the law (Fagan and Tyler, 2005; Paternoster, Brame, Bachman, and Sherman, 1997; Tyler, 1997). Youths0́9 perceptions of chances for success (Menard and Elliott, 1996) may be linked to both perceptions of the legal system and recidivism, as youths0́9 perceptions of legal institutions have been linked to their expectations about their own behavior (Lane, Lanza-Kaduce, Frazier, and Bishop, 2002; Schubert, Mulvey, Loughran, and Losoya, 2012), and youths0́9 perceptions of chances for success have been connected with offending (Iselin, Mulvey, Loughran, Chung, and Schubert, 2012). Because it is well documented that racial and ethnic groups differ in their involvement with the justice system (McNulty and Bellair, 2003), perceptions of the police and legal system (Lee, Steinberg, Piquero, and Knight, 2011; Reitzel and Piquero, 2006), and general perception of future success (Luzzo and McWhirter, 2001; McWhirter, 1997), ethnicity may play a role in the relations between these constructs. Using a sample of serious juvenile offenders, the current study examined relations between perceptions of the legal system and recidivism, exploring the roles of perceptions of chances for success as a mediator and ethnicity as a moderator. The results indicate that, in Black and Hispanic juvenile offenders, but not White, perceptions of chances for success mediates the relation between perceptions of the legal system and recidivism, providing the first analysis of a model examining perceptions of chances for success in the relation between perceptions of the legal system and recidivism. The current study offers support for the suggestion that interventions aimed at preventing youth from engaging in illegal behaviors may need to be tailored to target ethnic-specific attitudes and foster beliefs in ethnic minority youth that they are capable of future success.
Download or read book Assessing Correctional Rehabilitation written by Francis T. Cullen and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-07-17 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theme that has persisted throughout the history of American corrections is that efforts should be made to reform offenders. In particular, at the beginning of the 1900s, the rehabilitative ideal was enthusiastically trumpeted and helped to direct the renovation of the correctional system (e.g., implementation of indeterminate sentencing, parole, probation, a separate juvenile justice system). For the next seven decades, offender treatment reigned as the dominant correctional philosophy. Then, in the early 1970s, rehabilitation suffered a precipitous reversal of fortune. The larger disruptions in American society in this era prompted a general critique of the “state run” criminal justice system. Rehabilitation was blamed by liberals for allowing the state to act coercively against offenders, and was blamed by conservatives for allowing the state to act leniently toward offenders. In this context, the death knell of rehabilitation was seemingly sounded by Robert Martinson's (1974b) influential “nothing works” essay, which reported that few treatment programs reduced recidivism. This review of evaluation studies gave legitimacy to the antitreatment sentiments of the day; it ostensibly “proved” what everyone “already knew”: Rehabilitation did not work. In the subsequent quarter century, a growing revisionist movement has questioned Martinson's portrayal of the empirical status of the effectiveness of treatment interventions. Through painstaking literature reviews, these revisionist scholars have shown that many correctional treatment programs are effective in decreasing recidivism. More recently, they have undertaken more sophisticated quantitative syntheses of an increasing body of evaluation studies through a technique called “meta-analysis.” These meta-analyses reveal that across evaluation studies, the recidivism rate is, on average, 10 percentage points lower for the treatment group than for the control group. However, this research has also suggested that some correctional interventions have no effect on offender criminality (e.g., punishment-oriented programs), while others achieve substantial reductions in recidivism (i.e., approximately 25 percent). This variation in program success has led to a search for those “principles” that distinguish effective treatment interventions from ineffective ones. There is theoretical and empirical support for the conclusion that the rehabilitation programs that achieve the greatest reductions in recidivism use cognitive-behavioral treatments, target known predictors of crime for change, and intervene mainly with high-risk offenders. “Multisystemic treatment” is a concrete example of an effective program that largely conforms to these principles. In the time ahead, it would appear prudent that correctional policy and practice be “evidence based.” Knowledgeable about the extant research, policymakers would embrace the view that rehabilitation programs, informed by the principles of effective intervention, can “work” to reduce recidivism and thus can help foster public safety. By reaffirming rehabilitation, they would also be pursuing a policy that is consistent with public opinion research showing that Americans continue to believe that offender treatment should be an integral goal of the correctional system.
Download or read book Juvenile Crime Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
Download or read book The Perceptions of Former Female Juvenile Offenders on the Effects of Community basedcommunity based sic Aftercare Services on Their Personal Success written by Tiffany Lachon Hutchins and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Juvenile Justice written by Preston Elrod and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2011-01-28 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The juvenile justice system is a multifaceted entity that continually changes under the influence of decisions, policies, and laws. The all new Third Edition of Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, offers readers a clear and comprehensive look at exaclty what it is and how it works. Reader friendly and up-to-date, this text unravels the complexities of the juvenile justice system by exploring the history, theory, and components of the juvenile justice process and how they relate.
Download or read book Perceptions of Successful Graduates of Juvenile Residential Programs written by Barrett Mincey and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This qualitative study conducted in urban Miami, Florida, explored the essence of juvenile delinquency and recidivism: its causes, its relations to communities, the roles of families, and the myriad roles of residential treatment programs at rehabilitating young offenders. Data were collected from nine young adult participants who had satisfied their court-ordered sanctions in different residential facilities. Data were analyzed to discover themes, patterns, or clusters of meanings. Six themes emerged. These included varying perspectives, overcoming patterns of delinquent behaviors, challenges of remaining focused and goal-oriented, suggestions for young offenders, recommendations for change to correctional leaders, and accounts of their successes and failures. The following assumption was reported by participants: young offenders who have supportive familial relationships, who function as productive citizens within their communities, and who make satisfactory performance in school, may experience recidivism less frequently than those who exhibit opposite characteristics. Findings also suggested that poverty, peer relations, school, family life, self-imposed limitations, and community dynamics were linked to juvenile offending. Implications are included for lawmakers, criminologists, and juvenile justice administrators as measures for reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism. The following are appended: (1) Participant Demographic and Delinquent History; and (2) Interview.
Download or read book Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders written by Rolf Loeber and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1999-06-23 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailed and comprehensive, Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders presents authoritative discussions by a select group of leading scholars on issues surrounding serious and violent juvenile offenders. This population is responsible for a disproportionate percentage of all crime and poses the greatest challenge to juvenile justice policymakers. Under the skillful editorship of Rolf Loeber and David P. Farrington, this unique volume integrates knowledge about risk and protective factors with information about intervention and prevention programs so that conclusions from each area can inform the other. Current literature on these two areas does not, for the most part, apply directly to serious and violent juvenile offenders. This volume contends that serious and violent juvenile offenders tend to start displaying behavior problems and delinquency early in life, warranting early intervention. It is the contributors' thesis that prevention is never too early. They also maintain, however, that interventions for serious and violent juvenile offenders can never be too late in that effective interventions exist for known serious and violent juvenile offenders. Augmented by charts, tables, graphs, figures, and an extensive bibliography, Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders is an excellent reference work and a must read for policy and lawmakers, judges, attorneys, law enforcement personnel, education administrators, researchers, academics, social workers, sociologists, as well as graduate students and interns.
Download or read book Juvenile Justice A Social Historical and Legal Perspective written by and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Incarcerated Juvenile Offenders Perceptions of Their Significant Others written by Terry Michael Nida and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oversight Hearing on the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Human Resources and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Juvenile Justice A Social Historical and Legal Perspective written by Preston Elrod and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2020-02-20 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition guides students in developing a sound and balanced understanding of juvenile justice and the social, legal, and historical context that shapes juvenile justice practice. Throughout the text, there are FYIs, Myths v. Reality, Comparative Focus, and Interviews that highlight important facts, dispel common myths, compare practices in the United States with those of other countries, and allow readers to hear from present and former juvenile justice practitioners. Each chapter also contains critical thinking questions intended to help students examine key issues raised in the chapter and a discussion of important legal issues related to chapter content. Every new print copy includes an access code to the Navigate Companion Website that features interactive and informative learning resources to gauge understanding and help students study more effectively.
Download or read book Juvenile offenders perception of barriers and facilitators to mental health services and associated recidivism written by DaKeda R. Horton and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Promise of Adolescence written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescenceâ€"beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20sâ€"is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescenceâ€"rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish.
Download or read book Restorative Justice for Juveniles written by Lode Walgrave and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selection of papers presented at the international conference, Leuven, May 12-14, 1997.
Download or read book Alphabetisches Verzeichnis derer Br der Mitglieder bey der St Johanni Loge zu den Drey Granataepfeln in Dresden Johannis 5785 5789 written by and published by . This book was released on 1750 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
