Download or read book Perceiving Geometry written by Catherine Q. Howe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-08-16 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last few centuries, natural philosophers, and more recently vision scientists, have recognized that a fundamental problem in biological vision is that the sources underlying visual stimuli are unknowable in any direct sense, because of the inherent ambiguity of the stimuli that impinge on sensory receptors. The light that reaches the eye from any scene conflates the contributions of reflectance, illumination, transmittance, and subsidiary factors that affect these primary physical parameters. Spatial properties such as the size, distance and orientation of physical objects are also conflated in light stimuli. As a result, the provenance of light reaching the eye at any moment is uncertain. This quandary is referred to as the inverse optics problem. This book considers the evidence that the human visual system solves this problem by incorporating past human experience of what retinal images have typically corresponded to in the real world.

Download or read book Perceiving in Depth Volume 1 written by Ian P. Howard and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-02-24 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three-volume work Perceiving in Depth is a sequel to Binocular Vision and Stereopsis and to Seeing in Depth, both by Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers. This work is much broader in scope than the previous books and includes mechanisms of depth perception by all senses, including aural, electrosensory organs, and the somatosensory system. Volume 1 reviews sensory coding, psychophysical and analytic procedures, and basic visual mechanisms. Volume 2 reviews stereoscopic vision. Volume 3 reviews all mechanisms of depth perception other than stereoscopic vision. The three volumes are extensively illustrated and referenced and provide the most detailed review of all aspects of perceiving the three-dimensional world.Volume 1 starts with a review of the history of visual science from the ancient Greeks to the early 20th century with special attention devoted to the discovery of the principles of perspective and stereoscopic vision. The first chapter also contains an account of early visual display systems, such as panoramas and peepshows, and the development of stereoscopes and stereophotography. A chapter on the psychophysical and analytic procedures used in investigations of depth perception is followed by a chapter on sensory coding and the geometry of visual space. An account of the structure and physiology of the primate visual system proceeds from the eye through the LGN to the visual cortex and higher visual centers. This is followed by a review of the evolution of visual systems and of the development of the mammalian visual system in the embryonic and post-natal periods, with an emphasis on experience-dependent neural plasticity. An account of the development of perceptual functions, especially depth perception, is followed by a review of the effects of early visual deprivation during the critical period of neural plasticity on amblyopia and other defects in depth perception. Volume 1 ends with accounts of the accommodation mechanism of the human eye and vergence eye movements.

Download or read book Perceiving Acting and Knowing written by Robert Shaw and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1977, the chapters in this volume derive from a conference on Perceiving, Acting and Knowing held by the Center for Research in Human Learning at the University of Minnesota in 1973. The volume was intended to appeal, not just to the specialist or the novice, but to anyone sufficiently interested in psychology to have obtained a sense of its history at the time. Through these essays the authors express a collective attitude that a careful scrutiny of the fundamental tenets of contemporary psychology may be needed. In some essays specific faults in the foundations of an area are discussed, and suggestions are made for remedying them. In other essays the authors flirt with more radical solutions, namely, beginning from new foundations altogether. Although the authors do not present a monolithic viewpoint, a careful reading of all their essays under one cover reveals a glimpse of a new framework by which theory and research may be guided.

Download or read book Geometric Representations of Perceptual Phenomena written by R. Duncan Luce and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a conference held in honor of Professor Tarow Indow, this volume is organized into three major topics concerning the use of geometry in perception: * space -- referring to attempts to represent the subjective space within which we locate ourselves and perceive objects to reside; * color -- dealing with attempts to represent the structure of color percepts as revealed by various experimental procedures; and * scaling -- focusing on the organization of various bodies of data -- in this case perceptual -- through scaling techniques, primarily multidimensional ones. These topics provide a natural organization of the work in the field, as well as one that corresponds to the major aspects of Indow's contributions. This book's goal is to provide the reader with an overview of the issues in each of the areas, and to present current results from the laboratories of leading researchers in these areas.

Download or read book Foundations of Perceptual Theory written by S.C. Masin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1993-06-30 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historical analysis reveals that perceptual theories and models are doomed to relatively short lives. The most popular contemporary theories in perceptual science do not have as wide an acceptance among researchers as do some of those in other sciences. To understand these difficulties, the authors of the present volume explore the conceptual and philosophical foundations of perceptual science. Based on logical analyses of various problems, theories, and models, they offer a number of reasons for the current weakness of perceptual explanations. New theoretical approaches are also proposed. At the end of each chapter, dicussants contribute to the conclusions by critically examining the authors' ideas and analyses.

Download or read book Perceiving Events and Objects written by Gunnar Jansson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with his doctoral dissertation in 1950 which introduced the study of event perception and the application of vector analysis to perception, Gunnar Johansson has been a seminal figure in the field of perception. His work on biomechanical motion in the 1970s challenged conventional notions and stimulated great interest among experimental psychologists and students of machine vision. In 1989 Johansson published his latest theoretical synthesis, the optic sphere theory, an innovative conceptualization that goes beyond his earlier proposals. This volume presents -- for the first time -- an extensive precis of the out-of-print classic 1950 monograph prepared by Johansson. It also includes a representative set of Johansson's important publications produced over the ensuing four decades. These papers served as the springboard for a set of original essays by a distinguished group of North American and European scientists. Part critical commentary, part elaboration, and part seeking new directions, the entire collection makes for a singularly rich treatment of the perception of objects and events.

Download or read book Brains written by Dale Purves and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2010-01-08 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For 50 years, the world’s most brilliant neuroscientists have struggled to understand how human brains really work. Today, says Dale Purves, the dominant research agenda may have taken us as far as it can--and neuroscientists may be approaching a paradigm shift. In this highly personal book, Purves reveals how we got to this point and offers his notion of where neuroscience may be headed next. Purves guides you through a half-century of the most influential ideas in neuroscience and introduces the extraordinary scientists and physicians who created and tested them. Purves offers a critical assessment of the paths that neuroscience research has taken, their successes and their limitations, and then introduces an alternative approach for thinking about brains. Building on new research on visual perception, he shows why common ideas about brain networks can’t be right and uncovers the factors that determine our subjective experience. The resulting insights offer a deeper understanding of what it means to be human. • Why we need a better conception of what brains are trying to do and how they do it Approaches to understanding the brain over the past several decades may be at an impasse • The surprising lessons that can be learned from what we see How complex neural processes owe more to trial-and-error experience than to logical principles • Brains--and the people who think about them Meet some of the extraordinary individuals who’ve shaped neuroscience • The “ghost in the machine” problem The ideas presented further undermine the concept of free will

Download or read book Modern Discoveries in Neuroscience And What They Reveal About You Collection written by Dale Purves and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2012-02-20 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3 remarkable books reveal what neuroscientists have just learned about your brain — and you! Neuroscientists have made absolutely stunning discoveries about the brain: discoveries that are intimately linked to everything from your health and happiness to the age-old debate on free will. In these three extraordinary books, leading scientists and science journalists illuminate these discoveries, helping you understand what they may mean — and what may come next. In Brains: How They Seem to Work, Dale Purves reviews the current state of neuroscientific research, previewing a coming paradigm shift that may transform the way scientists think about brains yet again. Building on new research on visual perception, he shows why common ideas about brain networks can’t be right, uncovers the factors that determine our subjective experience, sheds new light on the so-called “ghost in the machine,” and points towards a far deeper understanding of what it means to be human. Next, in Pictures of the Mind, Miriam Boleyn-Fitzgerald uses images from the latest fMRI and PET scanners to illuminate science’s new understanding of the brain as amazingly flexible, resilient, and plastic. Through masterfully written narrative and stunning imagery, you'll watch human brains healing, growing, and adapting… gain powerful new insights into the interplay between environment and genetics… begin understanding how people can influence their own intellectual abilities and emotional makeup… and join scientists in tantalizing discoveries about everything from coma to PTSD and Alzheimer’s. Finally, in The Root of Thought, Andrew Koob shows why glial cells — once thought to be merely “brain glue” — may actually hold the key to understanding intelligence, treating psychiatric disorders and brain injuries, and perhaps even curing Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. You'll learn how these crucial cells grow and develop... why almost all brain tumors are comprised of them… and even their apparent role in your every thought and dream! From world-renowned scientists and science journalists, including Dale Purves, Miriam Boleyn-Fitzgerald, and Andrew Koob

Download or read book Perceiving in Depth Volume 3 written by Ian P. Howard and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-02-24 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 3 addresses depth-perception mechanisms other than stereopsis. It starts by reviewing monocular cues to depth, including accommodation, vergence, perspective, interposition, shading, and motion parallax. Constancies, such as the ability to perceive the sizes and shapes of objects as they move are reviewed. The ways in which different depth cues interact are discussed. One chapter reviews information used to perceive motion in depth. Pathologies of depth perception, including stereoanomalies and albanism are reviewed. Visual depth-perception mechanisms through the animal kingdom are reviewed together with a discussion of the evolution of stereoscopic vision. The next chapter describes how visual depth perception guides movements of the hand and body. The next three chapters review non-visual mechanisms of depth perception, including auditory localization, echolocation in bats and marine mammals, the lateral-line system of fish, electrolocation, and heat-sensitive sense organs. The volume ends with a discussion of mechanisms used by animals to navigate.

Download or read book Digital Wood Design written by Fabio Bianconi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-24 with total page 1525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores various digital representation strategies that could change the future of wooden architectures by blending tradition and innovation. Composed of 61 chapters, written by 153 authors hailing from 5 continents, 24 countries and 69 research centers, it addresses advanced digital modeling, with a particular focus on solutions involving generative models and dynamic value, inherent to the relation between knowing how to draw and how to build. Thanks to the potential of computing, areas like parametric design and digital manufacturing are opening exciting new avenues for the future of construction. The book’s chapters are divided into five sections that connect digital wood design to integrated approaches and generative design; to model synthesis and morphological comprehension; to lessons learned from nature and material explorations; to constructive wisdom and implementation-related challenges; and to parametric transfigurations and morphological optimizations.

Download or read book Visual Space Perception written by Maurice Hershenson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A renewed interest in the study of vision has attracted scholars from such diverse fields as neuroscience, computer science, mathematics, physics and philosophy. At the same time, the development of imaging devices and popularization of stereoscopic effects has increased student interest in vision. This primer provides an overview of the principles of space perception in a handbook format that should appeal to researchers as well as students. Topics covered include geometrical and distal-proximal relationships, spatial localization, stereopsis, cyclopean perception, stimulus inadequacy, pictorial cues, perceived size and shape, Gibsonian psychophysics, lateral motion, motion in depth, perceived object motion, and motion detection.

Download or read book Lectures on Perception written by Michael T. Turvey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lectures on Perception: An Ecological Perspective addresses the generic principles by which each and every kind of life form—from single celled organisms (e.g., difflugia) to multi-celled organisms (e.g., primates)—perceives the circumstances of their living so that they can behave adaptively. It focuses on the fundamental ability that relates each and every organism to its surroundings, namely, the ability to perceive things in the sense of how to get about among them and what to do, or not to do, with them. The book’s core thesis breaks from the conventional interpretation of perception as a form of abduction based on innate hypotheses and acquired knowledge, and from the historical scientific focus on the perceptual abilities of animals, most especially those abilities ascribed to humankind. Specifically, it advances the thesis of perception as a matter of laws and principles at nature’s ecological scale, and gives equal theoretical consideration to the perceptual achievements of all of the classically defined ‘kingdoms’ of organisms—Archaea, Bacteria, Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Download or read book Phenomenology of Perception written by Carmelo Cali and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenomenology of Perception: Theories and Experimental Evidence reconstructs and reviews the phenomenological research of the Brentano School, Edgar Rubin, David Katz, Albert Michotte and Gestalt psychology. Phenomenology is commonly considered a philosophy of subjective experience, but this book presents it instead as a set of commitments for philosophy and science to discover the immanent grammar underlying the objective meaning of perception. Pioneering experimental results on the qualitative and quantitative structures of the perceptual world are collected to show that, contrary to the received assumption, phenomenology can be embedded in standard science. This book will therefore be of interest not only to phenomenologists but also to anyone concerned with epistemological and empirical issues in contemporary psychology and the cognitive sciences.

Download or read book Cognitive Archaeology Body Cognition and the Evolution of Visuospatial Perception written by Emiliano Bruner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-06-09 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Archaeology, Body Cognition, and the Evolution of Visuospatial Perception offers a multidisciplinary and comprehensive perspective on the evolution of the visuospatial ability in the human genus. It presents current topics in cognitive sciences and prehistoric archaeology, to provide a bridge between evolutionary anthropology and neurobiology. This book explores how body perception and spatial sensing may have evolved in humans, as to enhance a "prosthetic capacity able to integrate the brain, body, and technological elements into a single functional system. It includes chapters on touch and haptics, peripersonal space, parietal lobe evolution, somatosensory integration, neuroarchaeology, visual behavior, attention, and psychometrics. Cognitive Archaeology, Body Cognition, and the Evolution of Visuospatial Perception represents an essential resource for evolutionary biologists, anthropologists, archaeologists, and neuroscientists who are interested in the role of body perception and spatial ability in human cognition. - Addresses the role of body perception and sensing in human evolution - Supplies a comprehensive overview on the cognitive mechanisms associated with the integration between brain, body and tools - Offers a bridge between evolutionary anthropology, archaeology, and cognitive sciences

Download or read book The Cone of Perception 4th Edition written by Parker Emmerson and published by Parker Emmerson Publishes on Lulu. This book was released on 2015-12-25 with total page 893 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cone of Perception describes the algebra of orbifold circle folding into a cone with fixed parameters, i.e. an invariant. This is like a mathematical quest to discover a wealth of forms and equations. I began by deciding I was going to make a scientific discovery and by asking the simple question, "at what angle do we perceive two equal line segments in golden ratio with each other?" Diagramming out this scenario, I slowly realized that one could fold the lines of sight onto each other, and the resulting shape formed a cone. Then, I attempted to describe this action algebraically in a phenomenological manner. The difference between the circumferences of two circles equals an arc length of either circle, and this can be applied to the Pythagorean theorem, the realm of relativistic physics. I also illustrate where paradoxes arise in this train of thinking and in my later works, The Sphere of Realization and The Book of Eternity, ameliorate these paradoxes entirely. One can fold a circle into a cone. When a sector of a circle is collapsed (removed, we may, "fold up," the resulting shape into a cone. Over 500 pages of mathematical formulas and graphs at your fingertips. This is the research of several years piecing together potential visualizations of the perceptual cone phenomenon. Extensive, in depth description of perceptual forms included. However, with all these equations, finding a new solution is not difficult. Great for anyone who needs to come up with a mathematical thesis in algebra, geometry, topology, or philosophy. The Cone of Perception includes many graphs and solutions to the equations of perceiving a circle to be one size and then perceiving a circle of a different size. The Cone of Perception is a work that confronts the perceptually evident purely geometric truth. The quest to discover this wealth of mathematical forms and equations began by deciding I was going to make a scientific discovery and by asking the simple question, "at what angle do we perceive two equal line segments in golden ratio with each other?" Diagraming out this scenario, I slowly realized that one could fold the lines of sight onto each other, and the resulting shape formed a cone. Then, I attempted to describe this action algebraically. The difference in circumferences of two circles equals an arc length, and this can be applied to the Pythagorean theorem and the realm of relativistic physics. I discovered certain fundamental structures within the ideal Platonic forms in the Euclidean and Pythagorean sense that can be used to perform a phenomenological description of perception and our perceived reality which is more accurate to the true nature of the Universe than current physics and beliefs about our physical reality. One can fold a circle into a cone. When a sector of a circle is collapsed (removed), we may "fold up" the resulting shape into a cone. The book relates the system of a circle transforming through a cone to the perceptual theories of Gibson, Koffka, Husserl, and Sense Data theory. It also delves into the mathematics of perceiving a difference in circumferences and presents a computational solution to the velocity variable within the Lorentz transformation. This solution is found only when using the exact speed of light in scientific notation. The auspicious symbols of the umbrella and the conch in Buddhist philosophy are perhaps a hidden message, or a hint to the true nature of reality delivered down through the ages to those who might seek to perceive and inquire. However, the mathematical expression of the, "umbrellic transformation," is one rarely discussed in Buddhist circles that I have encountered if ever, and it is certainly not vocally embodied in the vibrant message promoted and propagated by the majority of the Buddhist community, though many Buddhists do have a respect for the sciences, and math is highly prized in the societies of India and Nepal. We are only beginning to understand what the meaning of the, "phenomenological velocity," solution truly is and how the curvatures that result from the solutions to the v-variable are effecting the perceived phenomena in our reality. The idea that we can solve for something that cancels out with itself, that we can prove it cancels out with itself, yet we can solve in a non-trivial way that there is a complex polynomial equation that fits as a solution is a bit mystifying, however it is real. We ask ourselves, "why do the galaxies spiral?" We ask ourselves, what is the phenomenon of, "dark matter," and we lack answers to these basic questions, but with the new dimension (or metric) that has emerged from within the structure of the circle's folding into a cone, and the new solution to the v-variable within Lorentz coefficient as presented within The Geometric Patterns of Perception (Emmerson, 2009), we have a way forward. Physicists have assumed that mass is a real phenomenon, and have based all their formulations upon this concept. However functional the postulate of mass's, "being," is, it is still an assumption on its face. Just because a theory works, does not mean it's technically correct. Does one actually perceive a mass? Or has one inferred that a concept of mass must exist as the basis of reality, and if so, "on what notion was this inference based?" The Geometric Pattern of Perception Theorems base their functionality of describing the motion of and perceived being of, "objects," in the world through pure algebra and geometry of the transformation of ideal shapes. Through perceiving and describing these transformations phenomenologically, we can extract a plentitude of equations describing transformation and motion, which act as articulation of perceived phenomena of transformation and motion and may suffice for explaining curvature of space time relating with gravity, including the curvature perceived as correlating with dark matter. People speak of Energy to describe the phenomenon of that which is neither created nor destroyed, but really, all that is needed to describe that phenomenon is contained within the phenomenological velocity," equation, also known as V-Curvature, since it's not really even necessary to consider it velocity. We have a wave equation within the fabric of perceived reality, the expressions of which were derived from the most basic, fundamental ideal forms, that never equals zero, meaning it most likely never began, and it certainly will never end (or it can't be created, and it can't be destroyed). From this (loose) definition of Energy, we now have a theoretical "mass-energy," relation, if we still need to cling to the concepts of mass and energy.

Download or read book The Cone of Perception written by Parker Emmerson and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2010-10-06 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cone of Perception is a work that confronts the perceptually evident purely geometric truth. The difference in circumferences of two circles equals an arc length, and this can be applied to the Pythagorean theorem and the realm of relativistic physics. Over 500 pages of mathematical formulas and graphs at your fingertips. This is the research of several years piecing together potential visualizations of the perceptual cone phenomenon. Extensive, in depth description of perceptual forms. However, with all these equations, finding a new solution is not difficult. Great for anyone who needs to come up with a mathematical thesis in algebra, geometry, topology, or philosophy.

Download or read book Design Thinking Creativity Collaboration and Culture written by Ju Hyun Lee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new ways of facilitating design thinking, through the combination of cognitive design strategies and information technologies. It provides readers with an in-depth understanding of the traditional and digital design processes and activities that are employed in architecture, computational design, communication design and graphic design. The book is divided into three parts: Part I, which focuses on creativity, uses evidence derived from empirical studies to develop an understanding of the way computational environments shape design thinking and may lead to more inventive outcomes. Part II considers the cognitive dimensions of design teams, crowds and collectives. It investigates the ways digital design platforms promote interactive and collective thinking. Lastly, Part III addresses culture, examining the linguistic and cultural context of the globalised design ecosystem. Providing valuable insights into design thinking, this book helps readers engage with their local and global environments. It will appeal to academics, researchers and professionals with an interest in understanding design thinking in the context of creativity, collaboration and culture.