Download or read book Perceived Discrimination Stereotype Threat Grit and Neuropsychological Performance in African Americans written by Brandon E. Tross and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of perceived discrimination, stereo-type threat, and grit on the neuropsychological performance of African Americans. Within the field of neuropsychology there is a paucity of research exploring cultural and contextual variables that contribute to low performance outcomes for ethnic minorities on neuropsychological assessments in comparison to European Americans (Fujii, 2018; Mindt et al., 2010). Perceived discrimination and stereotype threat have been shown to lower performance outcomes for African Americans on neuropsychological assessments (Barnes et al., 2012; Thames et al., 2013). Because of their lower performance outcomes on neuropsychological assessments, African Americans are at greater risk for being inaccurately diagnosed as impaired, limiting their ability to function independently (Mindt et al., 2010). This study sought to better understand the effects of perceived discrimination and stereo-type threat on the neuropsychological performance of African Americans and explored whether a brief psychoeducational intervention could reduce or eliminate the stereotype threat effect. As there is a paucity of literature on non-cognitive positive predictors of performance (Hill & Aita, 2018), this study also explored the ability of grit to predict performance outcomes on neuropsychological assessments. A brief web-based neuropsychological evaluation was conducted to obtain participant neuropsychological performance (NP) scores. Participants consisted of 80 African Americans across the United States. The study utilized a 2 (stereotype threat vs. no stereotype threat) x 2 (intervention vs. no intervention) factorial design. An ANOVA, independent sample t-test, and simple linear regressions were conducted to test four hypotheses. Results of this study indicated that the conditions participants were placed in had an effect on their neuropsychological performance; that a brief psychoeducational intervention was not able to mitigate the stereotype threat effect; higher grit scores were implicated in better neuro-psychological performance; and high levels of perceived discrimination were not related to poor neuropsychological performance.
Download or read book The Potential Effects of Stereotype Threat on Neuropsychological Test Performance of African Americans written by David F. Peters and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stereotype Threat Stereotype Obligation and the Intellectual Test Performance of African Americans and European Americans written by Bryant Thomas Marks and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stereotype Threat and Its Effect on the Cognitive Ability Test Performance of African Americans written by Patrick F. McKay and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Cultural Affiliation and Literacy on the Neuropsychological Test Performance of African Americans written by Christine M. Jean-Jacques and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stereotype Threat and the Intellectual Test Performance of African Americans written by C. and J. Aronson Steele and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stereotype Threat Theory as an Explanation for the Depressed Performance on Cognitive Ability Measures by African Americans written by John Michael Nomura and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Relation of Stereotype Threat to African American and Latino Performance on the WAIS IV written by Brittany Nicole Hall-Clark and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereotype threat is defined as a sociopsychological threat evoked by an evaluative situation in which a negative stereotype about one's group could be confirmed (Steele, 1997). While the deleterious effects of stereotype threat have been demonstrated numerous times in laboratory settings (McKay, Doverspike, Bowen-Hilton, & Martin, 2002; Ngyuen & Ryan, 2008; Spencer, Steele & Quinn, 1999; Steele & Aronson, 1995), generalization to actual testing situations has been limited (Stricker & Ward, 2004). The current study sought to increase ecological validity by examining stereotype threat among racial/ethnic minority students undergoing assessment using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) without explicit priming. Another aim was to reduce stereotype threat by emphasizing the malleability of intelligence, as recommended by previous researchers (Aronson, Fried, & Good, 2002; Good, Aronson, & Inzlicht, 2003). Additionally, the relationship of ethnic identity to stereotype threat and test performance and the role of anxiety, a proposed mechanism of stereotype threat, were examined. Participants were also interviewed about their experiences of stereotype threat using a phenomenological approach. A 2(condition) x 3(race/ethnicity) experimental design was used, and 138 college students were randomized to the control or malleability conditions. Due to manipulation failure, the hypothesis that African and Latino American students would experience less stereotype threat and perform better on the WAIS-IV in the malleability condition could not be tested. Qualitative findings suggested that while participants endorsed perceptions of stereotype threat in general societal settings, they did not report stereotype threat while undergoing the WAIS-IV. The hypothesis that ethnic identity moderates the relationship between stereotype threat and performance received mixed support: ethnic identity-affirmation interacted with perceived stereotype threat on Digit Span, but all other interactions were nonsignificant. Lastly, the hypothesis that anxiety mediates the relationship between perceived stereotype threat and WAIS-IV performance was not supported. However, post-hoc analyses suggested that perceived stereotype threat mediates the relationship of anxiety and WAIS-IV performance. Correlational results revealed that perceived stereotype threat and stereotype vulnerability were related to WAIS-IV scores. In addition, students of color reported greater test and state anxiety than their European American counterparts. Implications for researchers, test administrators, and admissions officers are discussed.
Download or read book Mind Body and Sport written by NCAA and published by . This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Download or read book Ethics in Psychology and the Mental Health Professions written by Gerald P. Koocher and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised edition of the authors' Ethics in psychology and the mental health professions, 2008.
Download or read book The Psychology of the Language Learner written by Zoltán Dörnyei and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scope of individual learner differences is broad, yet there is no current, comprehensive, and unified volume that provides an overview of the considerable amount of research conducted on various language learner differences, until now.
Download or read book Visual Information Processing written by Sal Soraci and published by Praeger. This book was released on 2003-03-30 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual information processing in humans with intellectual disabilities and in animals is presented, for conceptual and methodological reasons. Much of the evolutionary path of higher primate species has involved the development of sophisticated visual systems that interact with complex, higher-order cognitive processes. Key questions in cognitive science address the manner in which the environment is represented by the organism, and thus relate to how knowledge about the world is gleaned, with implications for theories of action and decision making. Finally, it has become apparent that the distinction between perceptual and cognitive processes is not always a clear one, and that these processes interact in critical ways in underlying complex behavioral repertoires. Consistent with the emphasis in this series on individual differences, both typical and atypical development are explored here. Philosophical approaches to visualism are also presented. Chapters have import both for basic science and for the development of applications.
Download or read book Mental Representation in Health and Illness written by J.A. Skelton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do individuals conceive illness and symptoms? Do their conceptions conflict with the physician's views of their illness, and what happens if they do? This book thoroughly explores the field of disease representation, describes and discusses lay illness models in a variety of social, histo- rical and cultural contexts.
Download or read book Multisystemic Resilience written by Michael Ungar and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Across diverse disciplines, the term resilience is appearing more and more often. However, while each discipline has developed theory and models to explain the resilience of the systems they study (e.g., a natural environment, a community post-disaster, the human mind, a computer network, or the economy), there is a lack of over-arching theory that describes: 1) whether the principles that underpin the resilience of one system are similar or different from the principles that govern resilience of other systems; 2) whether the resilience of one system affects the resilience of other co-occurring systems; and 3) whether a better understanding of resilience can inform the design of interventions, programs and policies that address "wicked" problems that are too complex to solve by changing one system at a time? In other words (and as only one example among many) are there similarities between how a person builds and sustains psychological resilience and how a forest, community or the business where he or she works remains successful and sustainable during periods of extreme adversity? Does psychological resilience in a human being influence the resilience of the forests (through a change in attitude towards conservation), community (through a healthy tolerance for differences) and businesses (by helping a workforce perform better) with which a person interacts? And finally, does this understanding of resilience help build better social and physical ecologies that support individual mental health, a sustainable environment and a successful economy at the same time?"--
Download or read book The Psychology of Education written by Martyn Long and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-11-05 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in an accessible and engaging style, this second edition of The Psychology of Education addresses key concepts from psychology which relate to education. Throughout the text the author team emphasise an evidence-based approach, providing practical suggestions to improve learning outcomes, while fictional case studies are used in this new edition to provide students with a sense of what psychological issues can look like in the classroom. Activities around these case studies give students the chance to think about how to apply their theoretical knowledge to these real-world contexts. ‘Key implications’ are drawn out at appropriate points, and throughout the book students are provided with strategies for interrogating evidence. Key terms are glossed throughout the book and chapters are summarised and followed by suggestions for further reading. A chapter on Learning interactions and social worlds is new to this edition. The following chapters have all been extensively updated: Learning Assessment Individual differences and achievement Student engagement and motivation The educational context Society and culture Language Literacy Inclusive education and special educational needs Behaviour problems Dealing with behaviour problems. This book is essential reading for undergraduate students of Education Studies and Psychology as well as trainee teachers on BA, BEd and PGCE courses. It will also be of use to postgraduates training to be educational psychologists.
Download or read book Palliative Care for Advanced Alzheimer s and Dementia written by Gary Martin, PhD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2010-07-23 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2010 AJN Book of the Year Award Winner in both Gerontologic Nursing and Hospice and Palliative Care! "This book...provides important information on best practices and appropriate ways to care for a person with Alzheimer's and advanced dementia. Drs. Martin and Sabbagh have assembled a team of experts to help craft recommendations that should ultimately become standards that all professional caregivers adopt." -Michael Reagan Son of former President Ronald Reagan President, Reagan Legacy Foundation This book testifies that caregivers can have a monumental impact on the lives of persons with advanced dementia. Through specialized programming and a renewed effort toward patient-centered care, caregivers can profoundly enrich the quality of life for these persons. Providing guidelines for health care professionals, caregivers, and family members, this book introduces palliative care programs and protocols for the treatment of people with advanced dementia. The book is designed to guide professional caregivers in meeting the needs of patients and their families, providing insight into the philosophy, assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation measures involved in interdisciplinary palliative care. The chapter authors offer guidelines and standards of care based on contributions from nurses, physical therapists, social workers, dietitions, psychologists, family caregivers and pastors. An exhibit at the end of every chapter clearly articulates the standards of care appropriate for all advanced dementia facilities and health care staff. This book helps caregivers: Enhance the physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being of the patient and the patient's family Anticipate and meet the patient's basic human needs: hunger, thirst, body positioning, hygiene, continence, and management of any pain Ensure that the patient's surroundings are safe, comfortable, and homelike Address health care decisions that will support the patient's right to self-determination until the end of life
