Download or read book Penetrating Cosmic Ray Showers written by M. G. E. D. Nooh and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Hodoscope Study of Penetrating Cosmic ray Showers written by Kurt Sitte and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cosmic ray Showers Produced by Penetrating Particles written by Zhuanying Zhao and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Lateral Distribution of Penetrating Particles in Cosmic Ray Extensive Air Showers written by James Arthur Earl and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Extensive Penetrating Shower of Cosmic Rays written by John Ise and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cosmic Rays written by A. M. Hillas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic Rays is a two-part book that first elucidates the discovery, nature, and particles produced by cosmic rays. This part also looks into the primary cosmic radiation; radio waves from the galaxy; extensive air showers; origin of cosmic rays; and other cosmic radiations. Part 2 consists of reprinted papers involving cosmic rays. Papers 1 to 10 treat the nature of the radiation, arranged chronologically; in Papers 11 to 16 the scene moves away from the Earth.

Download or read book An Investigation of the Apparent Time Variations of Penetrating Cosmic Ray Showers written by Mohammed Shamsul Islam and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Experiments on Penetrating and Extensive Cosmic Ray Showers written by S. R. H. Haddara and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Extensive Air Showers written by M. V. S. Rao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays carry information about their sources and the intervening medium apart from providing a beam of particles for studying certain features of high energy interactions currently inaccessible at man-made accelerators. They can at present be studied only via the extensive air showers (EAS's) they generate while passing through the Earth's atmosphere, since their fluxes are too low for the experiments of limited capability flown in balloons and satellites. The EAS is generated by a series of interactions of the primary cosmic ray and its progeny with the atmospheric nuclei. The exponential nature of the atmosphere spreads the air showers laterally over several hundreds of meters, thus enabling ground-based arrays of relatively inexpensive detectors to record and study them.This book describes the EAS phenomenology, the detectors and techniques used, and the latest results on the energy spectrum and composition of the primaries of EAS's and the results on high energy interactions obtained from EAS studies. It also describes the new TeV and PeV gamma ray astronomy (which has been developing over the past decade) and the newly emerging neutrino astronomy, which are related to the origin of cosmic rays.This book serves as an introduction as well as a reference for researchers in the field.

Download or read book The Lateral Distribution of Penetrating Particles in Cosmic Ray Extensive Air Showers Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The penetrating component of extensive air showers detected by the MIT air shower experiment at Harvard. Massachusetts, was observed with the aid of a large hodoscope shielded by 985 g/cm/sup 2/ of lead. The number of electrons, core location, and arrival direction of each shower were given by the air shower experiment. Mu-mesons associated with a shower could be identified by requiring the projected zenith single as measured by the hodoscope to agree with the known arrival direction of the shower. An auxiliary detector consisting of a single heavily shielded tray of counters was operated 920 m from the center or the array. In showers with zenith singles less than 25 deg the density of mu-mesons is proportional to r/sup -1.0 plus or minus 0.2/ for r between 20 and 150 m. (r is the distance from the shower core to the meson detector.) For r between 200 and 900 m the density is proportional to r/sup -2.2 plus or minus 0.1/. The shape of the lateral distribution changes as the zenith angle of the showers is increased. The nature of this change is such that the mesons is inclined showers are more spread out than those in vertical showers. The effect of the magnetic field of the earth on the lateral distribution is small. The meson density near the core is proportional to Ne/sup 0.79 plus or minus 0.05/ where Ne is the number of electrons in the shower. For showers with a constant observed number of electrons, the meson density near the core does not change with zenith angle. This fact implies that, in a shower of given primary energy, the density near the core decreases exponentially with depth with in absorption length of (253 plus or minus 40) g/cm/sup 2/. The fraction of the mu-mesons with ranges greater than 540 g/cm/sup 2/ of lead which are absorbed in an additional 360 g/cm/sup 2/ of lead is (9.9 plus or minus 1.5)%. This fraction is independent of distance to the core for r between 40 and 300 m. (auth).

Download or read book Cosmic Ray Physics written by Donald Joseph Montgomery and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Production of Cosmic Ray Shows in Lead written by Merle Arthur Starr and published by . This book was released on 1937 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cosmic Rays written by Lajos Jánossy and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Some properties of cosmic ray penetrating showers written by Bernard Royce French and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sea Level Momentum Spectrum of Cosmic Ray Penetrating Shower Secondaries written by David Lester Dye and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cosmic Rays at Earth written by P.K.F. Grieder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-07-27 with total page 1117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1912 Victor Franz Hess made the revolutionary discovery that ionizing radiation is incident upon the Earth from outer space. He showed with ground-based and balloon-borne detectors that the intensity of the radiation did not change significantly between day and night. Consequently, the sun could not be regarded as the sources of this radiation and the question of its origin remained unanswered. Today, almost one hundred years later the question of the origin of the cosmic radiation still remains a mystery.Hess' discovery has given an enormous impetus to large areas of science, in particular to physics, and has played a major role in the formation of our current understanding of universal evolution. For example, the development of new fields of research such as elementary particle physics, modern astrophysics and cosmology are direct consequences of this discovery. Over the years the field of cosmic ray research has evolved in various directions: Firstly, the field of particle physics that was initiated by the discovery of many so-called elementary particles in the cosmic radiation. There is a strong trend from the accelerator physics community to reenter the field of cosmic ray physics, now under the name of astroparticle physics. Secondly, an important branch of cosmic ray physics that has rapidly evolved in conjunction with space exploration concerns the low energy portion of the cosmic ray spectrum. Thirdly, the branch of research that is concerned with the origin, acceleration and propagation of the cosmic radiation represents a great challenge for astrophysics, astronomy and cosmology. Presently very popular fields of research have rapidly evolved, such as high-energy gamma ray and neutrino astronomy. In addition, high-energy neutrino astronomy may soon initiate as a likely spin-off neutrino tomography of the Earth and thus open a unique new branch of geophysical research of the interior of the Earth. Finally, of considerable interest are the biological and medical aspects of the cosmic radiation because of it ionizing character and the inevitable irradiation to which we are exposed. This book is a reference manual for researchers and students of cosmic ray physics and associated fields and phenomena. It is not intended to be a tutorial. However, the book contains an adequate amount of background materials that its content should be useful to a broad community of scientists and professionals. The present book contains chiefly a data collection in compact form that covers the cosmic radiation in the vicinity of the Earth, in the Earth's atmosphere, at sea level and underground. Included are predominantly experimental but also theoretical data. In addition the book contains related data, definitions and important relations. The aim of this book is to offer the reader in a single volume a readily available comprehensive set of data that will save him the need of frequent time consuming literature searches.

Download or read book High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Todor Stanev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an accessible text and reference (a cosmic-ray manual) for graduate students entering the field and high-energy astrophysicists will find this an accessible cosmic-ray manual Easy to read for the general astronomer, the first part describes the standard model of cosmic rays based on our understanding of modern particle physics. Presents the acceleration scenario in some detail in supernovae explosions as well as in the passage of cosmic rays through the Galaxy. Compares experimental data in the atmosphere as well as underground are compared with theoretical models