Download or read book Pelagic Orientation of Coral Reef Fish Larvae and Its Implications on Dispersal and Connectivity written by Igal Berenshtein and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavioural Approach to Larval Dispersal in the Ocean written by Irisson-J and published by Omn.Univ.Europ.. This book was released on 2010 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most marine organisms that live near the coast broadcast their eggs and larvae into the vast expanses of the ocean. In many species, this pelagic episode is the sole opportunity for dispersal. As such, it structures the connections between populations which, in turn, determine the demography and genetic composition of coastal communities. Contrary to common belief, these "larvae" are not just drafts of the adults, passively roaming the ocean; they are very specialised organisms, often tightly adapted to their environment. In this book, I strive to evaluate the consequences of the behaviour of fish larvae during their pelagic life. I present experimental approaches to quantify larval orientation and swimming in situ. I detail the analysis of data collected during an oceanographic cruise to characterise the distribution of larvae in three dimensions and understand physical-biological interactions in the ocean. Finally, I introduce a novel modelling framework, drawing from cost minimisation techniques traditionally used in economics or in the optimal foraging theory, which allows to integrate larval behaviour into Lagrangian models of larval dispersal.
Download or read book An Investigation of the Nutritional Condition of Low Latitude Fish Larvae written by Martha J. Hauff and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral reef fishes are typically characterized by a protracted pelagic larval dispersal period, which creates the potential for connectivity of geographically discrete populations. The degree to which connectivity occurs is affected not only by whether larvae are transported from one reef to another, but also by whether they reach a settlement site in adequate nutritional condition to survive the juvenile period and beyond. It is possible that larvae with different dispersal trajectories (i.e. those that are retained close to shore as compared to those that travel great distances) may differ in their condition levels, and thereby, the extent to which they serve to replenish local populations. Condition levels during larval life, and their relationship to environmental factors, are thus important determinants of regional demography and patterns and scales of population connectivity. In the work presented here, larval fish condition was measured using two different indices: RNA/DNA ratios (R/Ds) and otolith-derived growth measurements. R/Ds are utilized frequently in studies of temperate larval fish ecology, but have only rarely been applied to investigations of low-latitude taxa. The sensitivity of the R/D to variations in prey availability in a tropical/subtropical context was assessed in a laboratory feeding experiment in which larval cobia were subjected to full and reduced (20%) rations. R/Ds were found to respond to reductions of prey availability, and this response was on par with analogous decreases in larval otolith growth. Having established that the R/D can reflect changes in larval food supply in warm water species, the index was used in concert with otolith size and growth to assess the condition of coral reef fish larvae collected in and around the Florida Keys Reef Tract. When nearshore (likely locally retained) and offshore (broadly dispersing) larvae were compared, it was found that, for three of four species examined, nearshore larvae exhibited faster growth and higher R/Ds as compared to their offshore counterparts. An examination of the changes in the distributions of individual condition levels with age (coupled with measurements of larval fish prey availability) indicated that the observed differences in mean condition were likely due to predation-related selective loss of the lowest condition larvae in nearshore waters. To identify possible molecular correlates of larval survival and condition, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in nearshore and offshore-collected larvae of a common Caribbean reef fish, the bluehead wrasse. Results revealed multiple loci that were likely under selection due to association with condition-related traits, and these loci may therefore be relevant to future investigations into gene-mediated physiological determinants of condition. As a whole this dissertation sheds light on both environmental and genetic components of larval coral reef fish condition, and it thereby contributes to our understanding of the processes that govern population connectivity, as well as our ability to manage and protect coral reef resources in a rapidly changing environment.
Download or read book Animal Movement Across Scales written by Lars-Anders Hansson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study takes a broad and timely approach to animal movement across both temporal and spatial scales. Movement and migration on land, in the air, and in water are pervading features of animal life-from the smallest protozoans to the largest whales - and can extend from millimetres to global scale. Research into animal movement ecology is now entering a new era with the development of novel molecular, electronic, and technical methods that make it possible to analyse the movements of individual animals under complex environmental conditions that determine the evolution of movement habits.
Download or read book Coral Reef Fishes written by Peter F. Sale and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2006-07-20 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral Reef Fishes is the successor of The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs. This new edition includes provocative reviews covering the major areas of reef fish ecology. Concerns about the future health of coral reefs, and recognition that reefs and their fishes are economically important components of the coastal oceans of many tropical nations, have led to enormous growth in research directed at reef fishes. This book is much more than a simple revision of the earlier volume; it is a companion that supports and extends the earlier work. The included syntheses provides readers with the current highlights in this exciting science. * An up-to-date review of key research areas in reef fish ecology, with a bibliography including hundreds of citations, most from the last decade * Authoritative and provocative chapters written to suggest future research priorities * Includes discussions of regulation of fish populations, dispersal or site fidelity of larval reef fishes, sensory and motor capabilities of reef fish larvae, and complexities of management of reef species and communities
Download or read book Coral Reefs of the Red Sea written by Christian R. Voolstra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a complete review and reference work for scientists, engineers, and students concerned with coral reefs in the Red Sea. It provides an up-to-date review on the geology, ecology, and physiology of coral reef ecosystems in the Red Sea, including data from most recent molecular studies. The Red Sea harbours a set of unique ecological characteristics, such as high temperature, high alkalinity, and high salinity, in a quasi-isolated environment. This makes it a perfect laboratory to study and understand adaptation in regard to the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems. This book can be used as a general reference, guide, or textbook.
Download or read book Anemone Fishes and Their Host Sea Anemones written by Daphne Gail Fautin and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These are the amazing fish that live a charmed existence among the stinging tentacles of the sea anemones. This very readable field guide investigates the symbiotic relationship of these tropical animals and includes comprehensive information on the biology of the many different species that add breathtaking color to the tropical reefs of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Beautifully illustrated for quick and accurate identification for everyone from the teenage aquarist to research scientists.
Download or read book Oceanographic Processes of Coral Reefs written by Eric Wolanski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-02-29 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two decades since publication of the first edition, substantial advancements have been made in the science, the need for transdisciplinary approaches to coral reef protection greater than ever before. This new edition, now in full color throughout with accompanying animations, goes beyond identifying foundational information and current problems to pinpoint science-based solutions for managers, stakeholders and policy makers. Coral reefs are connected by currents that carry plankton and the larvae of many reef-based organisms. Further, they supply food to reefs. Currents also bring pollutants from the land and, together with the atmosphere, affect the surrounding ocean. The chapters in this book provide a much-needed review of the biophysics of reefs with an emphasis on the Great Barrier Reef as an ecosystem. The focus is on interactions between currents, waves, sediment and the dynamics of coastal and reef-based ecosystems. The topographic complexity of reefs redirects mainstream currents, creates tidal eddies, mushroom jets, boundary layers, stagnation zones, and this turbulence is enhanced by the oceanographic chaos in the adjoining Coral Sea. This is the environment in which particles and organisms, of a range of sizes live, from tiny plankton to megafauna. This generates faunal connectivity at scales of meters to thousands of km within the Great Barrier Reef and with the adjoining ocean. Pollution from land-use is increasing and remedial measures are described both on land and on coral cays. The impact of climate change is quantified in case studies about mangroves and corals. Modelling this biophysical complexity is increasing in sophistication, and the authors suggest how the field can advance further.
Download or read book Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs written by Camilo Mora and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Draws on contributions from leading researchers to deliver a comprehensive overview of the latest knowledge on coral reef fishes.
Download or read book Reef Fisheries written by Polunin Nicholas V.C. and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-09 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reef ecosystems extend throughout the tropics. Exploited by small-scale fishers, reefs supply food for millions of people, but, worldwide, there are growing worries about the productivity and current state of these ecosystems. Reef fish stocks display many features of fisheries elsewhere. However, habitat spatial complexity, biological diversity within and among species, ecosystem intricacy and variable means of exploitation make it hard to predict sustainable modes and levels of fishing.
Download or read book Population Connectivity in a Dynamic Coastal System written by Kathryn Shulzitski and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population connectivity (i.e., the exchange of individuals among geographically distinct subpopulations) is an issue of particular relevance in the marine environment, as the majority of benthic marine organisms have complex life cycles and dispersal events occurring in the early life stages are nearly impossible to track. As the magnitude and direction of larval dispersal are shaped ultimately by larval distributions, growth, mortality, and transport to adult habitat, this dissertation examined these processes for larval reef fishes in the Straits of Florida (SOF) to contribute to the understanding of patterns of population connectivity along a continental coastline. An analysis of spatially and temporally extensive ichthyoplankton collections and associated environmental data demonstrated that environmental variation through the vertical water column was most important in structuring larval assemblages in the SOF and that horizontal patterns in larval assemblages were only weakly related to oceanographic features (i.e., mesoscale eddies, ME, and the Florida Current). However, otolith analysis revealed that residence in MEs enhanced larval growth for four out of the five reef fish species examined, and this increased growth was consistent across three sampling periods and two years. These results indicate that MEs provide enhanced feeding environments for larval reef fishes. Additional otolith analysis of cohorts of two reef fishes tracked from the pelagic environment to the reef (i.e., settlement-stage), demonstrated that for one species (Cryptotomus roseus) slow-growing larvae were selectively removed from the population just prior to settlement. In this same species, slow-growing larvae from offshore waters did not contribute to the surviving population of settlement-stage larvae, suggesting that for at least some species and settlement events, upstream Caribbean fish populations are not well-connected to populations in the SOF. Finally, several lines of evidence, including temporal changes in larval assemblages and patterns of larval abundance and age across water masses, are consistent with the existence of nearshore retention of locally-spawned larvae in the SOF and, thus, the potential for self-recruitment in reef fish populations of the Florida Keys.
Download or read book Fishery Science written by Lee A. Fuiman and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2002-07-19 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now clear that data based on the studies of fish eggs and larvae make a number of unique contributions to fishery science that are crucial for accurate assessment and management of fish populations, including those of commercially important fisheries. This valuable book demonstrates why fish eggs and larvae are important, how the characteristics of early life stages require a somewhat different research approach and how information on early life stages can be applied and interpreted to yield unique insights into fish populations. The editors of Fishery Science have drawn together an extremely useful and well-written book with contributions from internationally respected researchers from North America, Asia and Europe. Chapters include a discussion of the unique nature of early life stages, age and growth, mortality, recruitment, populations analysis, habitats, human impacts and management. A carefully selected set of case studies demonstrates several specific applications of early life history information to a number of fishery problems. Fishery Science was designed to complement existing textbooks and is an essential purchase for all fisheries students and professionals, and for biologists working on the early life stages of fish. This exciting book is also of great value to ecologists, marine, freshwater and environmental scientists, populations biologists and oceanographers. All libraries in universities and research establishments where biological and fishery science are studied and taught should have copies of this book available on their shelves.
Download or read book Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae written by Larry McEdward and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to provide a detailed treatment of the field of larval ecology. The 13 chapters use state-of-the-art reviews and critiques of nearly all of the major topics in this diverse and rapidly growing field. Topics include: patterns of larval diversity, reproductive energetics, spawning ecology, life history theory, larval feeding and nutrition, larval mortality, behavior and locomotion, larval transport, dispersal, population genetics, recruitment dynamics and larval evolution. Written by the leading new scientists in the field, chapters define the current state of larval ecology and outline the important questions for future research.
Download or read book Larval Dispersal in Marine Fishes written by Mark R. Christie and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many marine fish populations are severely declining due to over-fishing, loss of both juvenile and adult habitats, and accelerating environmental degradation. Fisheries management and the implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs) and other conservation tools are currently hindered by large gaps in knowledge about larval dispersal and its subsequent effects on population dynamics and regulation. This lack of knowledge is due to the inherent difficulty associated with tracking miniscule marine fish larvae. Population genetics approaches are particularly promising, but current methods have been of limited use for inferring ecologically relevant rates of population connectivity because of the large population sizes and high amounts of gene flow present in most marine species. To address these issues, I developed novel genetic methods of identifying parent-offspring pairs to directly track the origin and settlement of larvae in natural populations. These parentage methods fully account for large numbers of pair-wise comparisons and do not require any demographic assumptions or observational data. Furthermore, these methods can be used when only a small proportion of candidate parents can be sampled, which is often the case in large marine populations. I also employed Bayes' theorem to take into account the frequencies of shared alleles in putative parent-offspring pairs, which can maximize statistical power when faced with fixed numbers of loci. I accounted for genotyping errors by introducing a quantitative method to determine the number of loci to allow to mismatch based upon study-specific error rates. These novel parentage methods were applied to yellow tang (Zebrasoma flavescens, Acanthuridae) sampled around the Island of Hawai'i (measuring 140 km by 129 km) during the summer of 2006. We identified four parent-offspring pairs, which documented dispersal distances ranging from 15 to 184 kilometers. Two of the parents were located within MPAs and their offspring dispersed to unprotected areas. This observation provided direct evidence that MPAs can successfully seed unprotected sites with larvae that survive to become established juveniles. All four offspring were found to the north of their parents and a detailed oceanographic analysis from relevant time periods demonstrated that passive transport initially explained the documented dispersal patterns. However, passive dispersal could not explain how larvae eventually settled on the same island from which they were spawned, indicating a role for larval behavior interacting with fine-scale oceanographic features. Two findings together suggested that sampled reefs did not contribute equally to successful recruitment: (1) low levels of genetic differentiation among all recruit samples, and (2) the fact that the 4 documented parents occurred at only 2 sites. These findings empirically demonstrated the effectiveness of MPAs as useful conservation and management tools and highlighted the value of identifying both the sources and successful settlement sites of marine larvae. I next examined patterns of larval dispersal in bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus, Pomacentridae) collected during the summers of 2004 and 2005 from reefs lining the Exuma Sound, Bahamas (measuring 205 km by 85 km). Parentage analysis directly documented two parent-offspring pairs located within the two northern-most sites, which indicated self-recruitment at these sites. Multivariate analyses of pair-wise relatedness values confirmed that self-recruitment was common at all sampled populations. I also found evidence of "sweepstakes events", whereby only a small proportion of mature adults contributed to subsequent generations. Independent sweepstakes events were indentified in both space and time, bolstering the direct observations of self-recruitment and suggesting a role for sweepstakes analyses to identify the scale of larval dispersal events. This dissertation provides insights into the patterns of larval dispersal in coral-reef fishes. The coupling of direct (e.g., parentage) and indirect (e.g., assignment methods, sweepstakes analyses) methods in conjunction with continued technological and methodological advances will soon provide large-scale, ecologically relevant, rates of larval exchange. By uncovering the dynamics of these enigmatic processes, the implementation of conservation and management strategies for marine fishes in general will undoubtedly experience greater success.
Download or read book The Natural History of the Crustacea written by Klaus Anger and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-30 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the seventh volume of a ten-volume series on The Natural History of the Crustacea. Chapters in this volume synthesize our current understanding of early crustacean development from the egg through the embryonic and larval phase. The first part of this book focuses on the elemental aspects of crustacean embryonic development. The second part of the book provides an account of the larval phase of crustaceans and describes processes that influence the development from hatching to an adult-like juvenile. The third and final part of the book explores ecological interactions during the planktonic phase and how crustacean larvae manage to find food, navigate the dynamic water column, and avoid predators in a medium that offers few refuges.
Download or read book Reef Fish Spawning Aggregations Biology Research and Management written by Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-06 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reef fish spawning aggregations, ranging from small groups to many tens of thousands of individuals, are spectacular but poorly known natural phenomena whereby fish assemble at specific times and locations to spawn. For some species these large groups may be the only form of reproduction, the high fish numbers briefly giving a false impression of stability and abundance—an ‘illusion of plenty’. They are often a focus for intensive seasonal fishing because of their predictability and because many important commercial fishes form them. Highly vulnerable to overexploitation, many aggregations and their associated fisheries, have disappeared or are in decline. Few are effectively managed or incorporated into protected areas. Aggregations are not well understood by fishery scientists, managers and conservationists and their significance little appreciated by fishers or the wider public. To ensure their persistence to replenish important fisheries in coral ecosystems, maintain their ecosystem function and continue to delight divers, a significant change in perspective is needed to foster protection and management. This book provides comprehensive and practical coverage of the biology, study and management of reef fish aggregations, exploring their how, when, where, and why. It explores ways to better protect, study, manage and conserve them, while identifying key data gaps and questions. The text is extensively illustrated with many unique, never before published, photographs and graphics. Case studies on over 20 interesting and important fishes are included, outlining their biology and fisheries and highlighting major concerns and challenges.
Download or read book The Importance of Behavior in the Recruitment of Marine Fauna and Flora written by Claire Beatrix Paris and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-08-05 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
