Download or read book Peer assisted Social Cognitive Physical Activity Intervention for Older Adults written by Matthew P. Buman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social cognitive outcomes were mixed; the intervention did not increase self-efficacy in either group, yet the intervention group had marginally improved intrinsic motivation compared to the control. Physical activity, measured by minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, a metabolic estimate, and pedometer steps, showed positive, curvilinear growth such that activity monotonically increased for the first eight weeks, was sustained for an additional four weeks, and had modest declines in the final four weeks when the intervention was withdrawn. Group assignment did not moderate this time trend. Small improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness were observed in both groups. These findings provide initial support for the use of peer-assisted interventions in the physical activity domain and perhaps more broadly in behavioral and health programs. Future research should continue to explore ways to increase physical activity behavior in older adult populations through the use of peer mentors and a theoretical model that can be easily and inexpensively delivered to a wide range of population subgroups.
Download or read book Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social isolation and loneliness are serious yet underappreciated public health risks that affect a significant portion of the older adult population. Approximately one-quarter of community-dwelling Americans aged 65 and older are considered to be socially isolated, and a significant proportion of adults in the United States report feeling lonely. People who are 50 years of age or older are more likely to experience many of the risk factors that can cause or exacerbate social isolation or loneliness, such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and sensory impairments. Over a life course, social isolation and loneliness may be episodic or chronic, depending upon an individual's circumstances and perceptions. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that social isolation presents a major risk for premature mortality, comparable to other risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, or obesity. As older adults are particularly high-volume and high-frequency users of the health care system, there is an opportunity for health care professionals to identify, prevent, and mitigate the adverse health impacts of social isolation and loneliness in older adults. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults summarizes the evidence base and explores how social isolation and loneliness affect health and quality of life in adults aged 50 and older, particularly among low income, underserved, and vulnerable populations. This report makes recommendations specifically for clinical settings of health care to identify those who suffer the resultant negative health impacts of social isolation and loneliness and target interventions to improve their social conditions. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults considers clinical tools and methodologies, better education and training for the health care workforce, and dissemination and implementation that will be important for translating research into practice, especially as the evidence base for effective interventions continues to flourish.
Download or read book Promoting Exercise and Behavior Change in Older Adults written by Patricia M. Burbank, DNSc, RN and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2001-11-26 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exercise in later life is important for health and well-being, yet motivating older adults to exercise can be difficult. This book addresses that need by tailoring "The Transtheoretical Model" of behavior change to the client's level of readiness for change. The contributors show how TTM can be used to help older adults with varying needs and abilities to change their exercise behaviors. This book is essential for health care professionals including nurses, exercise specialists, occupational therapists, social workers, and others interested in helping older adults incorporate exercise into their daily lives.
Download or read book Roles of Self efficacy and Social Support on Physical Activity Behavior in Older Adults with and Without Intellectual Disabilities written by Alicia M. Dixon and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to increase life expectancy without long periods of morbidity, physical activity should be a component in every older adult's lifestyle. It is proven that regular physical activity can improve health and quality of life for older adults; however, the older population is one of the most sedentary populations with less than 40% participating in any physical activity (Hughes, Seymour, Campbell, Whitelaw, & Bazzarre, 2009). In addition, physical activity patterns of older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) have not been the focus of empirical research studies. It has been shown that adults in this population are not participating in enough physical activity to receive health benefits (Stanish, Temple, & Frey, 2006). The key to determining why older adults are not participating in physical activity is to examine the barriers associated with physical limitations, and the psychological barriers that are limiting older adults with ID to initiate physical activity. The current study was designed to provide insight to why older adults, with and without intellectual disabilities, are not participating in sufficient amounts of physical activity to receive health benefits. The study provides valuable information about physical activity patterns of the older population with intellectual disabilities and information for future physical activity interventions specific to this aging population. The purpose of this study was to compare the roles of self-efficacy (SE) and social support (SS), as outlined in Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1987), on the physical activity (PA) behavior of older adults with and without intellectual disabilities. Methods: A total of 119 participants, older adults with ID (n= 35), younger adults with ID (n= 49), and older adults without ID (n= 34), completed validated scales, SS and SE for Physical Activity Participation (Peterson et al., 2009), and wore a pedometer (OmronHJ-720ITC) and accelerometer (GT3X-ActiGraph) for seven consecutive days. Analysis/ Results: Correlation coefficients and one-way ANOVAs with Bonferroni technique were calculated to examine the relationships and differences between study variables. Physical activity level was significantly different among groups for both pedometer walking steps (F= 5.547, p
Download or read book The Effect of Social Cognitive Theory based Intervention on Self Efficacy and Physical Activity in Older Adults Post Coronary Event written by Molly Jones Allison and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Cognitive Theory Based Physical Activity Intervention written by Ada Chan and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many evidence suggested that physical activity provides benefits to people with intellectual disabilities (ID), yet adults with ID did not reach the recommended guideline for physical activity and further research of PA programme that adaptable to the need of ID was important for this special population. There was no SCT-based PA intervention programmes to promote healthy behaviour among adults with ID in Hong Kong worksite, and findings from the reviews showed that Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is the most widely used theoretic foundation. This study was to evaluate the effects of a Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) based physical activity intervention designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the twelve-week intervention with regard to psychosocial behaviour using SCT and physical activity behaviour among adults with intellectual disability in non-working time.
Download or read book Cognitive Training written by Tilo Strobach and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-16 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together a cutting edge international team of contributors to critically review the current knowledge regarding the effectiveness of training interventions designed to improve cognitive functions in different target populations. There is substantial evidence that cognitive and physical training can improve cognitive performance, but these benefits seem to vary as a function of the type and the intensity of interventions and the way training-induced gains are measured and analyzed. This book further fulfills the need for clarification of the mechanisms underlying cognitive and neural changes occurring after training. This book offers a comprehensive overview of empirical findings and methodological approaches of cognitive training research in different cognitive domains (memory, executive functions, etc.), types of training (working memory training, video game training, physical training, etc.), age groups (from children to young and older adults), target populations (children with developmental disorders, aging workers, MCI patients etc.), settings (laboratory-based studies, applied studies in clinical and educational settings), and methodological approaches (behavioral studies, neuroscientific studies). Chapters feature theoretical models that describe the mechanisms underlying training-induced cognitive and neural changes. Cognitive Training: An Overview of Features and Applications will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, students, and professors in the fields of psychology and neuroscience.
Download or read book When I m 64 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals.
Download or read book Cognitive Aging written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.
Download or read book Families Caring for an Aging America written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Family caregiving affects millions of Americans every day, in all walks of life. At least 17.7 million individuals in the United States are caregivers of an older adult with a health or functional limitation. The nation's family caregivers provide the lion's share of long-term care for our older adult population. They are also central to older adults' access to and receipt of health care and community-based social services. Yet the need to recognize and support caregivers is among the least appreciated challenges facing the aging U.S. population. Families Caring for an Aging America examines the prevalence and nature of family caregiving of older adults and the available evidence on the effectiveness of programs, supports, and other interventions designed to support family caregivers. This report also assesses and recommends policies to address the needs of family caregivers and to minimize the barriers that they encounter in trying to meet the needs of older adults.
Download or read book Social Cognitive Theory Based Physical Activity Intervention Targeting Non working Time Physical Activity of Workers with Intellectual Disabilities written by Suet Ying Chan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Report on Ageing and Health written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-10-22 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WHO World report on ageing and health is not for the book shelf it is a living breathing testament to all older people who have fought for their voice to be heard at all levels of government across disciplines and sectors. - Mr Bjarne Hastrup President International Federation on Ageing and CEO DaneAge This report outlines a framework for action to foster Healthy Ageing built around the new concept of functional ability. This will require a transformation of health systems away from disease based curative models and towards the provision of older-person-centred and integrated care. It will require the development sometimes from nothing of comprehensive systems of long term care. It will require a coordinated response from many other sectors and multiple levels of government. And it will need to draw on better ways of measuring and monitoring the health and functioning of older populations. These actions are likely to be a sound investment in society's future. A future that gives older people the freedom to live lives that previous generations might never have imagined. The World report on ageing and health responds to these challenges by recommending equally profound changes in the way health policies for ageing populations are formulated and services are provided. As the foundation for its recommendations the report looks at what the latest evidence has to say about the ageing process noting that many common perceptions and assumptions about older people are based on outdated stereotypes. The report's recommendations are anchored in the evidence comprehensive and forward-looking yet eminently practical. Throughout examples of experiences from different countries are used to illustrate how specific problems can be addressed through innovation solutions. Topics explored range from strategies to deliver comprehensive and person-centred services to older populations to policies that enable older people to live in comfort and safety to ways to correct the problems and injustices inherent in current systems for long-term care.
Download or read book Physical Activity and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults with Chronic Diseases written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Download or read book Physical Activity Instruction of Older Adults 2E written by Rose, Debra J. and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2019 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Activity Instruction of Older Adults, Second Edition, is the most comprehensive text available for current and future fitness professionals who want to design and implement effective, safe, and fun physical activity programs for older adults with diverse functional capabilities.
Download or read book Associations of Age Related Cognitive Changes with Physical and Social Activity in Older Adults written by Erta Cenko and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our findings suggest that changes in cognitive performance, particularly in the processing speed and memory domains, are significantly associated with changes in physical and social activity levels in older adults. Differences in baseline cognitive performance across domains did not accelerate or alter the change in physical or social activity over time. However, we observed that individuals with higher cognitive abilities tend to engage in higher levels of physical and social activity compared to those with lower cognitive abilities. These findings, if validated, advance the current understanding of the potential benefits of cognitive retention interventions that may maintain physical activity and social connections among older individuals. Future research should explore the mechanisms underlying these associations, aiming to provide insight into causality and promote the development of multidimensional interventions that enhance or maintain cognitive function while promoting physical and social activity in the older population.
Download or read book Leveraging Socioemotional Goals to Increase Physical Activity in Older Adults written by Candice L. Hogan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is prevalent among Americans, particularly in older citizens, so much so that it poses a major threat to public health. My research examined two potential reasons for low levels of activity in older adults grounded in motivation: first, older adults may be inactive because they do not accrue benefits in valued domains, and second, interventions may be ineffective because they do not align with older adults' goals. Reasoning from socioemotional selectivity theory, I predicted that older adults would be motivated to engage in physical activity to the extent that it was perceived and experienced as an emotionally meaningful or satisfying activity. I posited that if older adults do not experience meaningful benefits from physical activity in the short-term, they are unlikely to maintain physical activity. To examine this possibility, I designed Studies 1 and 2 to test how physical activity influences emotional experience and cognitive performance in younger and older adults, first in a controlled, experimental setting (Study 1), then in daily life (Study 2). Findings from both studies suggest that older and younger adults experience comparably potent benefits from physical activity. I reasoned from these findings that experiencing benefits from physical activity could support maintenance of physical activity in older adults, and, therefore, initiation of physical activity, rather than maintenance, may be a key barrier to increasing physical activity in older adults. Because interventions aimed at initiating physical activity have met with limited success, particularly in older adults, the second aim of this research was to test whether interventions could be tailored to motivate younger and older adults to be more active. In Studies 3 and 4, I approached this question using values affirmation (Study 3) and an incentives framework (Study 4), in order to test the effects of reducing threat surrounding physical activity participation through socioemotional goals, and the efficacy of incentivizing physical activity through socioemotional goals. Findings from Study 3 indicated that older and younger adults responded positively and comparably to an intervention that emphasized personal values to promote physical activity. Similarly, findings from Study 4 indicated that older adults were comparably responsive to goal-based incentives as younger adults, although, once initiated, older adults better maintained the increase in physical activity relative to younger adults. Together, findings from these four studies suggest that older adults may benefit from goals-based interventions aimed at promoting and maintaining physical activity.
