Download or read book Patents and the Measurement of International Competitiveness written by Kingston, W. Scally, K. and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly original book represents a major advance in the use of patents to compare countries' technological competitiveness. It tabulates and analyses 280,000 United States patents from countries across the world over a ten year period. Specifically, these patents were granted to 'not-for-profit' entities (mainly universities and research institutes), firms with no more than 500 employees, or to individual inventors. For each of these groups, the book provides statistics and discussion on how long patents are kept in force, the extent to which they are cited, and how far inventions made in different countries are in fact owned in the United States.
Download or read book Patents and the Measurement of International Competitiveness written by William Kingston and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly original book represents a major advance in the use of patents to compare countries' technological competitiveness. It tabulates and analyses 280,000 United States patents from countries across the world over a ten year period. Specifically, these patents were granted to 'not-for-profit' entities (mainly universities and research institutes), firms with no more than 500 employees, or to individual inventors. For each of these groups, the book provides statistics and discussion on how long patents are kept in force, the extent to which they are cited, and how far inventions made in different countries are in fact owned in the United States.Inter-country comparisons are provided between groupings of large and small advanced countries and between the sizeable number of countries for which patents are only just beginning to become economically important. The fact that all these patents have been subjected to the same examination process facilitates genuine like-for-like comparisons. Some of the more interesting emergent international differences in inventions are also explored. This book will provide a mine of reliable data for econometric studies of international competitiveness.Believed to be the first ever measurement of the patentable output of universities and research institutes worldwide because it provides the first fully international comparisons, this book will be invaluable to: patent offices and attorneys, university technical transfer offices, national industrial development agencies, as well as economists with an interest in international trade and technology.
Download or read book Patents Technology and Commerce written by Wendy H. Schacht and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an ongoing interest in the pace of U.S. technological advancement due to its influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity and international competitiveness. Because technology can contribute to economic growth and productivity increases, congressional attention has focused on how to augment private-sector technological development. This book addresses questions that have been raised concerning the proper role of the federal government in technology development and the competitiveness of U.S. industry. In response to the foreign challenge in the global marketplace, the United States Congress has explored ways to stimulate technological advancement in the private sector. Among the issues addressed in this book are whether joint ventures contribute to industrial competitiveness and what role, if any, the government has in facilitating such arrangements. This book also discusses the Bayh-Dole Act, which grants patent rights to inventions arising out of government-sponsored research and development to certain types of entities.
Download or read book Patents written by Frederic M. Scherer and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patents summarizes four decades of pioneering research by F.M. Scherer on the economics of patent protection. This book is distinguished by concern for the role of patents in a global context and by thorough investigation into the utility of patent counts as instruments for measuring the magnitude and consequences of technological invention. The book also includes a detailed new introduction by F.M. Scherer. The seminal essays contained within the book are organized around three principal foci: how to identify and shape policies yielding optimal patent protection in domestic and international markets; using patent data to reveal important features of the economy; and interpreting the economic significance of patents as measures of innovation. Explored under the second focus are the relationships of patenting to firm size, market structure, demand, and how inventions flow through the economy to yield productivity gains. The third focus illuminates implications of the highly skewed distribution of individual patent values. Scholars working on innovation and science, technological change, and law and economics will find this an invaluable and interesting book. It will also appeal to practitioners involved in patent and antitrust matters.
Download or read book Patents and Innovation Trends and Policy Challenges written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2004-02-02 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few systematic economic evaluations have been carried out on patent system to better inform policy choices. This report, which covers a range of areas, and highlights some issues that policy makers should address in the near future, including ...
Download or read book The Economics of the European Patent System IP Policy for Innovation and Competition written by Dominique Guellec and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2007-02-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why does society allow, or even encourage, private appropriation of inventions? When do patents encourage competition, when do they hamper it? How should society design the compromise between the interest of the inventor and the interest of the users of patented inventions? How should the patent system adapt to new technological areas? These questions and many more are addressed by the authors in this groundbreaking analysis of the economics behind the European patent system.Beginning with the history and principles of the patent system, the book then examines the economic effects of patenting on innovation and the diffusion of technology and growth. Throughout the book the theory and the reality are discussed alongside real world examples and comparison between the European,USA, and Japanese patent systems.
Download or read book The Economics of the European Patent System IP Policy for Innovation and Competition written by Dominique Guellec and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2007-02-01 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why does society allow, or even encourage, private appropriation of inventions? When do patents encourage competition, when do they hamper it? How should society design the compromise between the interest of the inventor and the interest of the users of patented inventions? How should the patent system adapt to new technological areas? These questions and many more are addressed by the authors in this groundbreaking analysis of the economics behind the European patent system.Beginning with the history and principles of the patent system, the book then examines the economic effects of patenting on innovation and the diffusion of technology and growth. Throughout the book the theory and the reality are discussed alongside real world examples and comparison between the European,USA, and Japanese patent systems.
Download or read book Technology Transfer and Innovation for Low Carbon Development written by Miria Pigato and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological revolutions have increased the world’s wealth unevenly and in ways that have accelerated climate change. This report argues that achieving The Paris Agreement’s objectives would require a massive transfer of existing and commercially proven low-carbon technologies (LCT) from high-income to developing countries where the bulk of future emissions is expected to occur. This mass deployment is not only a necessity but also an opportunity: Policies to deploy LCT can help countries achieve economic and other development objectives, like improving human health, in addition to reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs). Additionally, LCT deployment offers an opportunity for countries with sufficient capabilities to benefit from participation in global value chains and produce and export LCTs. Finally, the report calls for a greater international involvement in supporting the poorest countries, which have the least access to LCT and finance and the most underdeveloped physical, technological, and institutional capabilities that are essential to benefit from technology.
Download or read book R D and Productivity written by Zvi Griliches and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zvi Griliches, a world-renowned pioneer in the field of productivity growth, has compiled in a single volume his pathbreaking research on R&D and productivity. Griliches addresses the relationship between research and development (R&D) and productivity, one of the most complex yet vital issues in today's business world. Using econometric techniques, he establishes this connection and measures its magnitude for firm-, industry-, and economy-level data. Griliches began his studies of productivity growth during the 1950s, adding a variable of "knowledge stock" to traditional production function models, and his work has served as the point of departure for much of the research into R&D and productivity. This collection of essays documents both Griliches's distinguished career as well as the history of this line of thought. As inputs into production increasingly taking the form of "intellectual capital" and new technologies that are not as easily measured as traditional labor and capital, the methods Griliches has refined and applied to R&D become crucial to understanding today's economy.
Download or read book Intellectual Property and the U S Economy written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Inventiveness Requirement in Patent Law written by Lodewijk W.P. Pessers and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2016-04-20 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the pivotal role of the inventiveness requirement in patent law is broadly accepted, it has long remained an ill-defined concept, and in current debates the question is often raised whether the requirement is capable of functioning as an adequate ‘gate-keeper’. By providing a broad and historical perspective on the inventiveness concept in patent law, this groundbreaking work lays a very thorough conceptual basis for further and more in-depth discussions on current standards of inventiveness. In a method guided by geography and chronology, the author weaves developments in numerous countries – focusing primarily on the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the Netherlands – into a fullscale analysis of the inventiveness concept. Among the questions raised and examined are the following: - How do industrial–economic considerations influence the requirement? - Are there different doctrinal ‘schools of thought’ that can be distinguished? - Should the current requirement stay in close relationship with its predecessors or is it fundamentally different? - Which socio-economic and political forces have influenced or diverted the evolution of the requirement? - What are the most conspicuous similarities and dissimilarities among the jurisdictions under examination? And how can they be explained? - To what extent is the ‘inventive step’ requirement applied in a uniform manner within the European Patent Convention area? - To what extent has the enormous recent growth of patent grants been brought about by relaxation of the inventiveness requirement? This book provides crucially important fundamental commentary for lawyers, jurists, and scholars coming to grips with a hugely complex legal phenomenon: the dramatic growth worldwide in recent years of patents as instruments for the protection of industrial property. Particularly welcome in these times of intensifying scrutiny of patent law, this incomparable analysis will quickly become a cornerstone resource for intellectual property lawyers, patent officers, in-house counsel in multinational manufacturing companies, and other interested practitioners.
Download or read book The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities Using Patent Data as Science and Technology Indicators Patent Manual written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysts and policy makers have made increasing use of patent indicators to analyse the rate and direction of technological activity. The Patents Manual, issued in 1994, provides information on how patent data can be used as indicators, and also ...
Download or read book Aquaculture Innovation and Social Transformation written by Keith Culver and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keith Culver and David Castle Introduction Aquaculture is at the leading edge of a surprisingly polarized debate about the way we produce our food. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, aquaculture production has increased 8. 8% per year since 1970, far surpassing productivity gains in terrestrial meat production at 2. 8% in the same period (FAO 2007). Like the ‘green revolution’ before it, the ‘blue revolution’ in aquaculture promises rapidly increased productivity through technology-driven - tensi?cation of aquaculture animal and plant production (Costa-Pierce 2002; The Economist 2003). Proponents of further aquaculture development emphasize aq- culture’s ancient origins and potential to contribute to global food security d- ing an unprecedented collapse in global ?sheries (World Fish Center; Meyers and Worm 2003; Worm et al. 2006). For them, technology-driven intensi?cation is an - dinary and unremarkable extension of past practice. Opponents counter with images of marine and freshwater environments devastated by intensive aquaculture pr- tices producing unsustainable and unhealthy food products. They view the promised revolutionasascam,nothingmorethanclever marketingbypro?t-hungry ?shfa- ers looking for ways to distract the public from the real harms done by aquaculture. The stark contrast between proponents and opponents of modern aquaculture recalls decades of disputes about intensive terrestrial plant and animal agriculture, disputes whose vigor shows that the debate is about much more than food production (Ruse and Castle 2002).
Download or read book Production Management and Engineering Sciences written by Milan Majerník and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These are the proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Science and Production Management, 16th 17th April 2015, Tatransktrba, High Tatras Mountains - Slovak Republic . The proceedings contain articles focusing on:- Production Management, Logistics- Industrial development, sustainable production- Planning, management and pr
Download or read book Theory of Science and Technology Transfer and Applications written by Sifeng Liu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constructive Suggestions for Efficiently Implementing Technology Transfer Theory of Science and Technology Transfer and Applications presents the mechanisms, features, effects, and modes of technology transfer. It addresses the measurement, cost, benefit, optimal allocation, and game theory of technology transfer, along with the dynamics of the tec
Download or read book OECD Patent Statistics Manual written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009-02-05 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual provides guiding principles for the use of patent data in the context of S&T measurement, and recommendations for the compilation and interpretation of patent indicators in this context.
Download or read book Chemical patenting written by Thompson Wm. P. and co and published by . This book was released on 1885 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
