Download or read book The Generic Challenge written by Martin A. Voet and published by BrownWalker Press. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Sixth Edition of The Generic Challenge provides important new updates on current regulatory, legal and commercial issues affecting brand and generic pharmaceutical products, including new laws establishing generics for biologics, and changes brought about by the recently enacted America Invents Act. It explains clearly and understandably the roles of patents, FDA regulation of drugs and the Hatch Waxman Act in commercial drug development in light of generic challenges and how improvements in innovative drug products provide benefits to patients while extending the commercial lives of the drugs. There is simply no other book of its kind on this important subject.
Download or read book Patent Exclusivity Versus Regulatory Exclusivity Under the Hatch Waxman Act written by Emily Michiko Morris and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pharmaceutical industry is exceptional. Pharmaceutical development is one of the most cost- and time-intensive areas of technology largely because it is one of the industries most subject to regulatory intervention. Unlike most other technologies, pharmaceuticals are heavily regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) to ensure their safety and efficacy; indeed, the FDA regulates the manufacture and marketing of pharmaceuticals more strictly than it regulates food, dietary supplements, or cosmetics. The pharmaceutical industry is now exceptional in two additional ways. First, pharmaceuticals are subject to provisions both limiting and extending patent protections that do not apply to other technologies. Second, pharmaceuticals now enjoy non-patent regulatory exclusivities that no other technology enjoys. Both the latter two exceptions are thanks to the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act, known informally as the Hatch-Waxman Act after its two leading sponsors, and its subsequent amendments. Some of Hatch-Waxman's provisions favor brand-name pharmaceutical innovators, whereas other provisions foster market entry of generic pharmaceuticals and their typically much lower-price imitations of brand-name pharmaceuticals. In terms of increasing generic entry, the Hatch-Waxman Act seems to be a huge success, although a number of other unintended consequences also seem to have arisen from Hatch-Waxman's provisions. One change that many commentators continue to debate, however, is the creation of periods of regulatory exclusivity. Some sort of market exclusivity is widely believed to be necessary to protect the large investments that pharmaceutical manufacturers invest in creating and testing new drugs. For most of the pharmaceutical industry's history, however, patents have been widely regarded as a highly effective means of providing such exclusivity. What, then, can be the role of regulatory exclusivities? Originally created partially in compensation for the more pro-generic provisions of Hatch-Waxman, and partially to incentivize further studies on existing drugs, regulatory exclusivities may also provide other advantages. Accordingly, the following discussion looks at regulatory exclusivity as not just an adjunctive form of exclusivity but in fact as a possible alternative to patents. This article therefore takes a closer look at the differences between the two and how data exclusivity more aptly protects innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. The discussion concludes that, depending on whether pharmaceutical innovators are currently receiving enough of the returns on their investments, leveraging the potential advantages of regulatory over patent exclusivity may be more or less difficult. Regardless, given the exceptionalism of the pharmaceutical industry and its unique regulatory exclusivities, examination of how to take advantage of that exceptionalism is warranted.
Download or read book Generic drug entry prior to patent expiration an FTC study written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Patents and Regulatory Exclusivities in Pharmaceutical Innovation written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Patents and regulatory exclusivities written by John R. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2018* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drug Prices written by Kevin J. Hickey and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drug Wars written by Robin Feldman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the shockingly high prices of prescription drugs continue to dominate the news, the strategies used by pharmaceutical companies to prevent generic competition are poorly understood, even by the lawmakers responsible for regulating them. In this groundbreaking work, Robin Feldman and Evan Frondorf illuminate the inner workings of the pharmaceutical market and show how drug companies twist health policy to achieve goals contrary to the public interest. In highly engaging prose, they offer specific examples of how generic competition has been stifled for years, with costs climbing into the billions and everyday consumers paying the price. Drug Wars is a guide to the current landscape, a roadmap for reform, and a warning of what is to come. It should be read by policymakers, academics, patients, and anyone else concerned with the soaring costs of prescription drugs.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry written by Patricia M. Danzon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biopharmaceutical industry has been a major driver of technological change in health care, producing unprecedented benefits for patients, cost challenges for payers, and profits for shareholders. As consumers and companies benefit from access to new drugs, policymakers around the globe seek mechanisms to control prices and expenditures commensurate with value. More recently the 1990s productivity boom of new products has turned into a productivity bust, with fewer and more modest innovations, and flat or declining revenues for innovative firms as generics replace their former blockbuster products. This timely volume examines the economics of the biopharmaceutical industry, with eighteen chapters by leading academic health economists. Part one examines the economics of biopharmaceutical innovation including determinants of the costs and returns to new drug development; how capital markets finance R&D and how costs of financing the biopharmaceutical industry compare to financing costs for other industries; the effects of safety and efficacy regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and of price and reimbursement regulation on incentives for innovation; and the role of patents and regulatory exclusivities. Part two examines the market for biopharmaceuticals with chapters on prices and reimbursement in the US, the EU, and other industrialized countries, and in developing countries. It looks at the optimal design of insurance for drugs and the effects of cost sharing on spending and on health outcomes; how to measure the value of pharmaceuticals using pharmacoeconomics, including theory, practical challenges, and policy issues; how to measure pharmaceutical price growth over time and recent evidence; empirical evidence on the value of pharmaceuticals in terms of health outcomes; promotion of pharmaceuticals to physicians and consumers; the economics of vaccines; and a review of the evidence on effects of mergers, acquisitions and alliances. Each chapter summarizes the latest insights from theory and recent empirical evidence, and outlines important unanswered questions and areas for future research. Based on solid economics, it is nevertheless written in terms accessible to the general reader. The book is thus recommended reading for academic economists and non-economists, and for those in industry and policy who wish to understand the economics of this fascinating industry.
Download or read book Safe and Effective Medicines for Children written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-10-13 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA) and the Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA) were designed to encourage more pediatric studies of drugs used for children. The FDA asked the IOM to review aspects of pediatric studies and changes in product labeling that resulted from BPCA and PREA and their predecessor policies, as well as assess the incentives for pediatric studies of biologics and the extent to which biologics have been studied in children. The IOM committee concludes that these policies have helped provide clinicians who care for children with better information about the efficacy, safety, and appropriate prescribing of drugs. The IOM suggests that more can be done to increase knowledge about drugs used by children and thereby improve the clinical care, health, and well-being of the nation's children.
Download or read book Drugs Patents and Policy written by Bryan Mercurio and published by . This book was released on 2018-06-28 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of Hong Kong's pharmaceutical patent law that will influence debate and inform public policy.
Download or read book Evergreening Patent Exclusivity in Pharmaceutical Products written by Frantzeska Papadopoulou and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-09-23 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses 4 central pieces of EU pharmaceutical regulation: the Orphan Drugs Regulation, the Paediatric Regulation, the Supplementary Protection Certificate Regulation, and the ATMP (Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products) Regulation. These four regulatory instruments constitute focal points in the pharmaceutical industry's approach to modern business and legal strategy. Their central role is justified by the way these regulatory instruments interact with each other and with the patent system, and by the considerable impact they (as a whole) have for the evergreening of exclusive rights on pharmaceutical products. The book guides the reader through the latest case law and legislative developments and discusses how these influence strategic legal and business choices in the pharmaceutical industry. It brings to the forefront the often-overlooked significance of the legislative architecture of the EU pharmaceutical regulatory framework, and evaluates its results through the lens of the efficiency test. The book is an important resource for academics and practitioners interested in updated case law and an in-depth analysis of these four regulations. It is also important for those interested in legislative studies, evaluation of legislation and a critical approach to legislative architecture.
Download or read book Data Exclusivity in Pharmaceutical Drug Products written by Ali Demirbas and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-08 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, Marmara University (EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTE), course: DEPARTMENT OF EUROPEAN UNION LAW, language: English, abstract: Data exclusivity in pharmaceuticals is one of the best protection systems among other type of regulatory drug product exclusivities such as patent protection, patent term extension and some other type of marketing exclusivities. Data exclusivity provides the right holder protection on his undisclosed information, in particular the results of tests in humans and animals and clinical trials which are given to the national authorities in order to obtain marketing approval for the drug product for which the application is made. In this regard data exclusivity means that, the second applicant can not use or rely on that data during the exclusive time period in order to obtain marketing approval for the same drug product which was already granted marketing approval first time. Like the second applicant, national regulatory authorities also can not rely on that data in order to grant marketing approval to the second applicant for the same drug product during that exclusive time period. By this reason data exclusivity differs from other type of drug product marketing exclusivities since marketing exclusivity in pharmaceutical drug products may last after data exclusivity time period expires like in the EU system. In the EU normally, while there is 8 year data exclusivity, marketing exclusivity is 10 year. Also data exclusivity differs from patent protection. In part one; firstly the focus is on the regulatory drug product exclusivities and then data exclusivity generally. In part two; data exclusivity is analyzed extensively in international law, in the EU law, in the U.S. law and lastly in Turkish law.
Download or read book Regulatory Exclusivity written by Trevor M. Cook and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Patent Failure written by James Bessen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-03 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, business leaders, policymakers, and inventors have complained to the media and to Congress that today's patent system stifles innovation instead of fostering it. But like the infamous patent on the peanut butter and jelly sandwich, much of the cited evidence about the patent system is pure anecdote--making realistic policy formation difficult. Is the patent system fundamentally broken, or can it be fixed with a few modest reforms? Moving beyond rhetoric, Patent Failure provides the first authoritative and comprehensive look at the economic performance of patents in forty years. James Bessen and Michael Meurer ask whether patents work well as property rights, and, if not, what institutional and legal reforms are necessary to make the patent system more effective. Patent Failure presents a wide range of empirical evidence from history, law, and economics. The book's findings are stark and conclusive. While patents do provide incentives to invest in research, development, and commercialization, for most businesses today, patents fail to provide predictable property rights. Instead, they produce costly disputes and excessive litigation that outweigh positive incentives. Only in some sectors, such as the pharmaceutical industry, do patents act as advertised, with their benefits outweighing the related costs. By showing how the patent system has fallen short in providing predictable legal boundaries, Patent Failure serves as a call for change in institutions and laws. There are no simple solutions, but Bessen and Meurer's reform proposals need to be heard. The health and competitiveness of the nation's economy depend on it.
Download or read book Generic Animal Drug and Patent Term Restoration Act written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Patents as an Incentive for Innovation written by Rafal Sikorski and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-02-16 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patents as an Incentive for Innovation Edited by Rafal Sikorski & Zaneta Zemla-Pacud Patents are a reward for human inventiveness. A well-functioning patent system must provide incentives for innovation, safeguard dynamic competition and protect the public interest – a balancing act fraught with difficulty in the ‘connected’ global world. This ground-breaking book is the first to deeply analyse how patent law today performs its function of stimulating innovation in the crucial sectors of healthcare, agriculture, artificial intelligence and communications technology. Patent specialists, practitioners and scholars from various jurisdictions thoroughly describe how patent rights can be deployed to incentivize investments in researching and developing socially critical innovations without sacrificing the public’s interest in sharing the benefits that are produced. Among the emerging issues of patent rights investigated are the following: protectability and morality of according private rights over material derived from the human body; licensing on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms; the supplementary protection certificate (SPC) manufacturing waiver; patent eligibility of artificial intelligence-related inventions; excessive enforcement of patents by patent assertion entities; enforcement of second medical use innovations; the so-called farmer’s privilege, the farm-save seed exemption, and breeders’ rights; international trade regulations and their influence on patent systems; human enhancement technologies and the consequences of patenting them; specifics of patent protection for biologic medicines; challenges posed by artificial intelligence for the disclosure requirement in patent law; and standard essential patent licensing, particularly in the context of the 5G standard. Perspectives taken into consideration by the authors include protectability criteria, length and scope of the granted protection, mechanisms for dealing with the friction between generalized application and specialized concerns, and rights enforcement. These aspects are analysed on the domestic, international and global levels. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need to strike the right balance between innovation and access in healthcare and other technologies, a need rooted in patent law. Because the problems discussed – and solutions offered – in this collection of expert essays are of tremendous practical and cultural significance, the book will be of immeasurable value to practitioners, policymakers and researchers in patent law and other fields of intellectual property law.
Download or read book Bringing Your Pharmaceutical Drug to Market written by Neil P. DiSpirito and published by . This book was released on 2016-10-13 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
