Download or read book Patent Laws Product Lifecycle Lengths and the Global Sourcing Decisions of U S Multinationals written by Kamran Bilir and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the impact of patent laws on firms' global sourcing decisions. I develop a theoretical model of multinational firms' location and production decisions in the presence of cross-country differences in intellectual property rights and cross-sector differences in the length of product lifecycles. I show that patent reforms are irrelevant to firms' sourcing decisions in industries with rapid product turnover. By contrast, strong patent laws attract affiliate activity in industries with longer product lifecycles, because products in these industries are more likely to be imitated prior to obsolescence and are thus more reliant on patent enforcement to protect revenues. These effects are more pronounced for less-productive firms. Using comprehensive panel data on the sales, assets, and employment of U.S. multinationals and their affiliates abroad and a new measure of product obsolescence, I find robust empirical support for these predictions. Effects are significant along all margins of multinational activity, including multinational presence by country and sector, total affiliate sales conditional on presence, the number of affiliates, and affiliate-level sales. In addition, I find that stronger patent rights tilt the balance of cross-border activity away from exports and toward multinational activity. Finally, my identification strategy allows me to isolate the causal effect of patent reforms on multinational operations, which the prior literature has struggled to establish because of concurrent policy reforms.
Download or read book Michigan Law Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Private Rights and Public Problems written by Keith Eugene Maskus and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 2012 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumers constantly confront intellectual property rights (IPRs) every day, from their morning cup of Starbucks coffee to the Intel chip on their computer at work. Intellectual property rights help protect creative inventions in the form of trademarks, copyrights, and patents. Despite legal protection, many goods--including music and video files--are easily copied or shared, which affects industries, innovators, and customers. In his follow-up to one of the most popular PIIE titles of all time, Keith Maskus looks at the expansion of private legal rights into international trade markets, not only for technological items but also for international public goods like vaccines and prescription drugs. Private Rights and Public Problems assesses IPR issues for users, producers, and innovators and the difficulty of establishing an international policy regime that governs IPRs in all markets. Post-industrial countries have preferential terms for licensing and selling products, in part because they develop more global brands and products. Maskus observes that in these countries the primacy of private property raises contentious international debate between innovation owners in rich countries and followers and users in emerging and poor countries. Maskus explores if increased privacy regulations limit innovation and pose artificial and real barriers, such as decreased information accessibility and increased cost. This book addresses a fundamental issue: should basic scientific and technological knowledge be commoditized? In this guide to the current global impact of IPRs, the author analyzes the economic contribution of IPRs underlying features: innovation and access to international technologies.
Download or read book Globalization International Spillovers and Sectoral Changes written by Charlie Karlsson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a consequence of globalization, news, ideas and knowledge are moving quickly across national borders and generating international spillovers. So too, however, are economic and financial crises. Combining a variety of methods, concepts and interdisciplinary approaches, this book provides an in-depth examination of these structural changes and their impact. Assessing the implications of globalization for businesses and sectors, chapters focus on the interdependencies between different economic and political layers, and explore topics such as human capital, creativity, innovation, networks and collaboration.
Download or read book Essays on International and Spatial Economics written by Yoko Takeda and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three independent chapters on International and Spatial Economics. The first chapter analyzes the spatial sorting pattern of innovative activities by developing a model of heterogeneous firms that choose innovation sourcing sites. The model captures firms' trade-off that locating innovations in larger-sized cities enhances knowledge spillover while it also exposes the higher risk of information leakage to competitors, with implying that the relevance between cost and benefit of sourcing innovation in a populous city depends on the life-cycle length of technology embedded in products. In industries with relatively rapid turn-over of technologies, firms become less sensitive to the risk of information leakage as their fast technology obsolescence tends to outpace adoption of leaked information by competitors. In contrast, firms using more durable technologies evaluate the risk of information leakage relatively more, as leaked information retains long-lasting market value. As a result, the model predicts a geographical sorting pattern of innovation where firms using long-lived technology in production optimally source innovation in smaller-sized cities, and vice versa. The empirical analysis based on U.S. patent data shows that the theory partly explains within-firm heterogeneity of innovation sourcing decision by multi-product firms operating in multiple industries, although there exist considerable across-firm variations in geography choice for innovation that the model cannot account for. The second chapter provides evidence that offshore patent laws influence global firms' innovation decisions. Within a simple model of multinational production, we find that a novel consequence of imitation risk is that firms innovate selectively, directing investments in product development toward relatively short-lived varieties that are difficult to imitate prior to obsolescence. A key implication of firms' selective product development is that patent reforms tend to increase not only innovation by firms, but also the average economic lifetime of the products they develop---both to extents varying non-monotonically across industries according to rates of underlying technological obsolescence. Using detailed data on U.S. patent grants and citations during 1976--2006 and U.S. multinational firms' affiliate innovation investment during 1982--2009, we find empirical regularities consistent with these hypotheses. The third chapter analyzes the intellectual property rights (IPR)-protecting policy in developing countries by constructing a North-South model where the North firms serve the South market through either export or foreign direct investment (FDI). The FDI leads to a technology leakage to local firms in the South via imitation, which imposes the North firm a trade-off in conducting FDI between a benefit of saving production and transportation cost and a cost of tightened competition due to advanced technology adoption by the South firms. IPR protection level in the South determines actual cost of technology leakage incurred by the North firm, and the model concludes that the South government has an incentive to set the loosest possible IPR-protection policy that attracts FDI to the South. This result holds for extended environments of the model.
Download or read book HANDBOOK OF MATERIALS MANAGEMENT written by P. GOPALAKRISHNAN and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2015-01-13 with total page 825 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive research based, well received book, now in its Second Edition, continues to provide the most complete up-to-date coverage of the materials management discipline. It is the result of intensive and in-depth interactions of the authors with academic community, IIMM professionals as well as senior executives involved in materials, inventory, warehousing, logistics, supply chain, working capital and top management. This title reflects the wealth of experience gained by the authors in India and abroad in training, research, teaching and consultancy. This well-organised comprehensive book clearly analyses all the concepts, processes and applications of Materials Management, Supply Chain Management, Logistics Management, and Multimodal Transport. It covers basic principles and practices concerning these areas as well as to its application in Indian conditions. This textbook describes the concept of integrated materials management with the help of diagrams, charts, photos and solved examples, covering all the aspects of materials management. It provides a number of solved practical problems and examples for better comprehension. The suggestions of practising professionals, academicians and researchers have been appropriately incorporated in this book. An attempt has been made to strike a balance between conceptual frameworks and practical aspects of materials and its management. Intended primarily as a textbook for graduate students pursuing materials management courses in Indian universities, this comprehensive title will also serve as a ready reckoner for the executives practising in areas such as materials, logistics, SCM, purchase, warehousing and inventory management. The students of business management, engineering, Indian Institute of Materials Management (IIMM) diploma and other related programs/courses will find this book extremely useful.
Download or read book Exploit the Product Life Cycle written by Theodore Levitt and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Dimensions of Intellectual Property Rights in Science and Technology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As technological developments multiply around the globeâ€"even as the patenting of human genes comes under serious discussionâ€"nations, companies, and researchers find themselves in conflict over intellectual property rights (IPRs). Now, an international group of experts presents the first multidisciplinary look at IPRs in an age of explosive growth in science and technology. This thought-provoking volume offers an update on current international IPR negotiations and includes case studies on software, computer chips, optoelectronics, and biotechnologyâ€"areas characterized by high development cost and easy reproducibility. The volume covers these and other issues: Modern economic theory as a basis for approaching international IPRs. U.S. intellectual property practices versus those in Japan, India, the European Community, and the developing and newly industrializing countries. Trends in science and technology and how they affect IPRs. Pros and cons of a uniform international IPRs regime versus a system reflecting national differences.
Download or read book Product and Services Management written by George Avlonitis and published by Pine Forge Press. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: `A text that successfully bridges the gap between academic theorizing and practitioner applicability because it uses multiple real-world examples/mini-cases of management techniques to illustrate the well-researched academic theoretical foundations of the book′ - Creativity and Innovation Management `A complete and useful treatment of the domain of product and service decisions. This book is unique in its treatment, dealing with product and service portfolio evaluation, new product/service development and product/service elimination in an integrated manner. Enlivened by many mini-cases, the book provides a soup-to-nuts approach that will prove very attractive for students and be a valuable reference for managers as well. Highly recommended′ - Gary L Lilien, Distinguished Research Professor of Management Science, Penn State University `Product and Services Management (PSM) is a welcome, up to date summary of the key issues facing firms in developing and refreshing their portfolios. The examples and cases bring the academic arguments clearly into focus and demonstrate the crucial role of PSM in leading the overall strategy of the firm′ - Professor Graham Hooley, Senior Pro-Vice-Chancellor, Aston University, Birmingham `Managers responsible for and students interested in product portfolio decisions previously had to consult several sources for obtaining up-to-date information; books on new product development, articles on service development, readers on product management, and frameworks for product evaluation and termination. With the book Product and Services Management the reader obtains four-in-one. Avlonitis and Papastathopoulou reveal in a compelling and comprehensive manner why product decisions are the cornerstone of modern marketing and business, and illustrate the theory with numerous mini-cases from Europe and elsewhere. A must read for everyone with a passion for products′ - Dr Erik Jan Hultink, Professor of New Product Marketing, Delft University of Technology This book provides a holistic approach to the study of product and services management. It looks at the key milestones within a product′s or service life cycle and considers in detail three crucial areas within product management, namely product/service portfolio evaluation, new product/service development and product/service elimination. Based on research conducted in Europe and North America, this book includes revealing cases studies that will help students make important connections between theory and practice. The pedagogical features provided in each chapter include chapter introduction, summary, questions and a further reading section. Additional material for instructors include PowerPoint slides and indicative answers to each chapter′s questions. This book is written for undergraduate and postgraduate students of business administration who are pursuing courses in marketing, product portfolio management, new product development and product policy.
Download or read book Patents in the Knowledge Based Economy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-08-11 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume assembles papers commissioned by the National Research Council's Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) to inform judgments about the significant institutional and policy changes in the patent system made over the past two decades. The chapters fall into three areas. The first four chapters consider the determinants and effects of changes in patent "quality." Quality refers to whether patents issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) meet the statutory standards of patentability, including novelty, nonobviousness, and utility. The fifth and sixth chapters consider the growth in patent litigation, which may itself be a function of changes in the quality of contested patents. The final three chapters explore controversies associated with the extension of patents into new domains of technology, including biomedicine, software, and business methods.
Download or read book World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020 written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative report analyzes IP activity around the globe. Drawing on 2019 filing, registration and renewals statistics from national and regional IP offices and WIPO, it covers patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection and geographical indications. The report also draws on survey data and industry sources to give a picture of activity in the publishing industry.
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1973-10 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Download or read book Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Increase International Technology Transfer written by Lee Branstetter and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the alleged benefits of the recent global movement to strengthen intellectual property rights (IPRs) is that such reforms accelerate transfers of technology between countries. Branstetter, Fisman, and Foley examine how technology transfer among U.S. multinational firms changes in response to a series of IPR reforms undertaken by 12 countries over the 1982-99 period. Their analysis of detailed firm-level data reveal that royalty payments for intangibles transferred to affiliates increase at the time of reforms, as do affiliate research and development (R & D) expenditures and total levels of foreign patent applications. Increases in royalty payments and R & D expenditures are more than 20 percent larger among affiliates of parent companies that use U.S. patents more extensively prior to reform and therefore are expected to value IPR reform most. This paper--a product of Trade, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the global impact of stronger intellectual property rights.
Download or read book Supplier Relationship Management written by Stephen Easton and published by Apress. This book was released on 2014-06-14 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There’s a new buzz phrase in the air: Supplier Relationship Management (SRM). Corporate executives know it’s necessary, but there’s only one problem. Nobody yet knows how to do it. Or they think it’s all about bashing your vendors over the head until they reduce the price another 4%. Supplier Relationship Management: How to Maximize Vendor Value and Opportunity changes all that. Containing the best and most innovative advice from the operations and procurement experts at consultant AT Kearney, this book shows that SRM is at root a strategic discussion requiring cross-functional interaction and internal alignment at the highest levels. It requires an honest appraisal of the value that suppliers now bring to your firm, as well as their potential value. It then requires a frank and constructive business-to-business dialogue about how to improve the relationship. When this happens, a company reaps myriad benefits, ranging from new opportunity to added value to competitive advantage—and, quite likely, to overall (and sometimes substantial) cost reductions. This book shows the most concrete methods you can use today to: Identify value-adding opportunities in the supply chain Work closely with suppliers to maximize the benefits Work the "Critical Cluster" of suppliers, where the greatest opportunity for advantage lies Review suppliers to encourage constant gains in quality and cost Turn your SRM strategy into a major competitive advantage Supplier Relationship Management introduces and explains the Supplier Interaction Model, a key tool that will help you get the most from your supplier relationships. It segments the supplier universe into nine categories, from those you want to run away from fast to those so good and so useful to your organization that it can make sense to invest in them directly. Numerous case studies show how to apply the principles to your situation. Supplier Relationship Management burns off the fog that has surrounded the procurement process for far too long. It is the definitive guide for business executives who want to get the maximum benefits from suppliers and gain very real advantages over competitors.
Download or read book A Basic Guide to Exporting written by Jason Katzman and published by Skyhorse Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2011-03-23 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is practical advice for anyone who wants to build their business by selling overseas. The International Trade Administration covers key topics such as marketing, legal issues, customs, and more. With real-life examples and a full index, A Basic Guide to Exporting provides expert advice and practical solutions to meet all of your exporting needs.
Download or read book Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation Intersections between Public Health Intellectual Property and Trade written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2013 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study has emerged from an ongoing program of trilateral cooperation between WHO, WTO and WIPO. It responds to an increasing demand, particularly in developing countries, for strengthened capacity for informed policy-making in areas of intersection between health, trade and IP, focusing on access to and innovation of medicines and other medical technologies.
Download or read book The Economics of Intellectual Property Suggestions for Further Research in Developing Countries and Countries with Economies in Transition written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series of papers in this publication were commissioned from renowned international economists from all regions. They review the existing empirical literature on six selected themes relating to the economics of intellectual property, identify the key research questions, point out research gaps and explore possible avenues for future research.
