Download or read book Partisanship and Taxation written by Hanna Lierse and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008, European governments extensively intervened to avert a severe economic recession. Taxation is a crucial instrument to achieve such economic objectives, but it also represents a redistributive tool in democratic societies. Generally, left-wing parties are more supportive of progressive taxes and redistribution than right-wing governments. As a crisis response, one could assume that European governments, especially social-democrats, reinforced a redistributive stance to compensate for the substantial amounts of public money used to bail-out financial institutions. Yet, the internationalisation of capital markets has made it difficult to levy high income taxes as it might cause capital flights, less investments and growth. Based on the tax reforms introduced between 2008 and 2010, the paper explores how European governments mitigated the fiscal stress from the crisis. The findings show that fiscal pressures significantly restrained the policy choices available to governments. -- Crisis ; fiscal stress ; economic growth ; tax policy ; political parties ; European Union.
Download or read book Partisan Politics in the New Deal Era written by Brian R. Sala and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Taxation and Credible Commitment written by Jeffrey F. Timmons and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on the fiscal contract literature, this paper argues that taxation is partly a game of credible commitment. Using data for 18 OECD countries, it shows that partisan turnover systematically affects the long-run equilibrium mix of taxes and services. When partisan turnover is low, more right-wing influence permanently increases corporate tax revenue and the corporate share of pre-tax income; more left-wing influence, by contrast, permanently increases consumption tax revenue and social spending. When turnover is high, even powerful partisans do not increase taxes that disproportionately affect their supporters. When partisans tax their own supporters, they raise more revenue, even when we account for some plausible benefits. Our theoretical conjectures are consistent with the pattern of partisan behavior within countries, not just between them.
Download or read book Not Just a Label written by Kurt G. Strovink and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tax Politics in Eastern Europe written by Hilary Appel and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2011-07-08 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental shifts in Eastern European tax policy
Download or read book Partisan Politics and Income Tax Rates written by William E. Foster and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With income tax reform dominating so much of the current political discourse, now is an optimal time for tax scholars to reflect on the lessons and trends from a century of legislative tinkering with the primary revenue-generating device in the United States. Tax rate changes do not occur in a vacuum, and this article explores one increasingly prominent and often overlooked ingredient in the mixture of variables that can produce or inhibit tax reform -- partisan politics. It does so by comparing individual income tax rates with partisan control of federal political bodies. This article reviews majority party status in the House of Representatives and the Senate, and control of the presidency at times of revisions to top marginal tax rates applicable to various income groups, and notes larger rate trends in the parties' respective eras of most significant influence. Despite the limitations inherent in isolating a single influential factor, the data analyzed in this article provides strong support for the following trends: higher income earners are the tax rate battleground for party policy implementation; a vast political mandate represented by control of the House, Senate, and presidency is usually necessary to accomplish significant rate revisions; when a sufficient political mandate is achieved, the parties' implementation of rate changes follows their respective rhetorical associations; and in the end, absent armed conflict or economic crisis, sizeable rate changes are exceptionally rare. These extractions from a century of legislative maneuvers bring scholars closer to unearthing the political recipe for tax rate reform, and accordingly, to a fuller understanding of the necessary components of tax policy implementation.
Download or read book Partisan Politics and Corporate Tax Competition for Foreign Investment written by Hyeon Seok Park and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National governments face a dilemma: they want to provide an attractive environment to the multinational investors by lowering the corporate tax rates. At the same time, they want to maintain the tax base to protect the losers from the globalization. This dilemma is the starting point of this study. Here I explore the patterns of the corporate tax competition for foreign investment both in the developed as well as in the developing countries. A revised theory of partisan politics is developed to explain the patterns of the corporate tax competition. Traditionally, a left-wing party often promotes redistribution through taxation, while a right-wing party promotes the efficiency of the market by minimizing the size of the government. The proposed theory of partisan politics shows that a left-wing party pursues a conservative low tax policy similar to a right-wing counterpart when the tax base is not big enough to fund the redistribution. If the left-wing government is not able to collect tax revenue necessary for the redistribution, it has no choice but to extend the tax base for the redistribution. However, if the tax base is big enough, a left wing party pursues standard high-tax large-spending policy. This policy is clearly different from the policy preferred by the right-wing party. This new version of partisan theory for corporate tax competition is empirically tested using a dataset that covers both developed as well as developing countries. Different control variables are incorporated in the empirical models accounting for the political and economic characteristics of the countries. The theory is, then, applied to explain the effect of veto players on the corporate tax competition. According to the neoliberal paradigm, tax cut is a necessary strategy to attract foreign investment. But, the domestic partisan veto players might find such neoliberal reforms costly, and then, try to block them. If there are a large number of leftwing veto players in a country, a neoliberal tax reform is politically difficult. The theory proposed here, however, implies that this argument is conditionally correct, because, given a tiny tax base, veto players from the left-wing parties prefer not to block a neoliberal tax reform. The ideal points of the left-wing veto players get close to the ideal points of the right-wing veto players, reducing the political cost of the tax reform. However, the left-wing veto players imposes significant amount of political cost on the neoliberal tax reform when a country has a large source of capital taxation. They prefer to collect more tax revenue from the corporations with redistribute policy agenda. This argument is tested in the context of the developed and the developing countries. The effect of the veto players disappears when the tax base is tiny, but the effect is significant when a country has a large source of capital taxation.
Download or read book The Modern VAT written by Mr.Liam P. Ebrill and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2001-11-05 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Value-added tax, or VAT, first introduced less than 50 years ago, is now a pivotal component of tax systems around the world. The rapid and seemingly irresistible rise of the VAT is probably the most important tax development of the latter twentieth century, and certainly the most breathtaking. Written by a team of experts from the IMF, this book examines the remarkable spread and current reach of the innovative tax and draws lessons about the design and implementation of the VAT, as experienced by different countries around the world. How efficient is it as a tax, is it fair, and is it suitable for all countries? These are among the questions raised. This highly informative and well-researched book also looks at the likely future of the tax.
Download or read book Uncivil Agreement written by Lilliana Mason and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-04-16 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The psychology behind political partisanship: “The kind of research that will change not just how you think about the world but how you think about yourself.” —Ezra Klein, Vox Political polarization in America has moved beyond disagreements about matters of policy. For the first time in decades, research has shown that members of both parties hold strongly unfavorable views of their opponents. This is polarization rooted in social identity, and it is growing. The campaign and election of Donald Trump laid bare this fact of the American electorate, its successful rhetoric of “us versus them” tapping into a powerful current of anger and resentment. With Uncivil Agreement, Lilliana Mason looks at the growing social gulf across racial, religious, and cultural lines, which have recently come to divide neatly between the two major political parties. She argues that group identifications have changed the way we think and feel about ourselves and our opponents. Even when Democrats and Republicans can agree on policy outcomes, they tend to view one other with distrust and to work for party victory over all else. Although the polarizing effects of social divisions have simplified our electoral choices and increased political engagement, they have not been a force that is, on balance, helpful for American democracy. Bringing together theory from political science and social psychology, Uncivil Agreement clearly describes this increasingly “social” type of polarization, and adds much to our understanding of contemporary politics.
Download or read book War and Taxes written by Steven A. Bank and published by The Urban Insitute. This book was released on 2008 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: This book explores the long history of American taxation during times of war. As political scientist David Mayhew recently observed, since it's founding in 1789, the United States has conducted hot wars for some 38 years, occupied the South militarily for a decade, waged the Cold War for several decades, and staged countless smaller actions against Indian tribes or foreign powers. The cost of these activities has been immense, with important and lasting consequences for the tax system, the economy, and the nation's political structure. By focusing on tax legislation, we hope to identify some of these consequences. But we are not interested in simply recounting statutory details. Rather, we hope to illuminate the politics of war taxation, with a special focus on the influence of arguments concerning "shaped sacrifice" in shaping wartime tax policy. Moreover, we aim to shed light on a less examined aspect of this history by offering a detailed account of wartime opposition to increased taxes.
Download or read book Private Wealth and Public Revenue written by Tasha Fairfield and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book identifies sources of power that help business and economic elites influence policy decisions.
Download or read book Tax Politics and Policy written by Michael Thom and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-02-03 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taxes are an inescapable part of life. They are perhaps the most economically consequential aspect of the relationship between individuals and their government. Understanding tax development and implementation, not to mention the political forces involved, is critical to fully appreciating and critiquing that relationship. Tax Politics and Policy offers a comprehensive survey of taxation in the United States. It explores competing theories of taxation’s role in civil society; investigates the evolution and impact of taxes on income, consumption, and assets; and highlights the role of interest groups in tax policy. This is the first book to include a separate look at "sin" taxes on tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and sugar. The book concludes with a look at tax reform ideas, both old and new. This book is written for a broad audience—from upper-level undergraduates to graduate students in public policy, public administration, political science, economics, and related fields—and anyone else that has ever paid taxes.
Download or read book Imposing Standards written by Martin Hearson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-15 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Imposing Standards, Martin Hearson shifts the focus of political rhetoric regarding international tax rules from tax havens and the Global North to the damaging impact of this regime on the Global South. Even when not exploited by tax dodgers, international tax standards place severe limits on the ability of developing countries to tax businesses, denying the Global South access to much-needed revenue. The international rules that allow tax avoidance by multinational corporations have dominated political debate about international tax in the United States and Europe, especially since the global financial crisis of 2007–2008. Hearson asks how developing countries willingly gave up their right to tax foreign companies, charting their assimilation into an OECD-led regime from the days of early independence to the present day. Based on interviews with treaty negotiators, policymakers and lobbyists, as well as observation at intergovernmental meetings, archival research, and fieldwork in Africa and Asia, Imposing Standards shows that capacity constraints and imperfect negotiation strategies in developing countries were exploited by capital-exporting states, shielding multinationals from taxation and depriving nations in the Global South of revenue they both need and deserve. Thanks to generous funding from the Gates Foundation, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories.
Download or read book Stated Preferences for Capital Taxation Tax Design Misinformation and the Role of Partisanship written by Malte Chirvi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although theoretical research on optimal capital taxation suggest to incorporate public opinions, the empirical literature on preferences regarding capital taxation almost exclusively focusses on the emotionally loaded estate tax. This paper presents a more comprehensive investigation of preferences towards different, tangible instruments of capital taxation beyond the estate tax. In particular, we focus on the effects of tax-specific design features and personal as well as asset-related characteristics. For this, we conducted a factorial survey experiment with over 3,200 respondents on Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk). By using different tax instruments as reference points for each other we strengthen the robustness of our findings. While our results confirm well-established findings of previous literature, we show that the specific design of tax instruments is indeed decisive for preferences over capital taxation. Whereas proposed effective tax rates of the estate tax and the one-time wealth tax show a significant progressivity, there is no clear pattern for both periodical taxes. Furthermore, preferences depend on the respondents' characteristics, especially their partisanship. Democrats clearly prefer concentrated over periodical capital taxes, Republicans' only articulated preference refers to the particular rejection of the estate tax. Remarkably, this opposition does not hold for a perfectly congruent one-time wealth tax. This result provides novel empirical evidence for drivers of the opposition towards the estate tax beyond mere misinformation discussed by previous literature: emotional charge potentially triggered by political framing.
Download or read book Read My Lips written by Vanessa S. Williamson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-05 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A surprising and revealing look at what Americans really believe about taxes Conventional wisdom holds that Americans hate taxes. But the conventional wisdom is wrong. Bringing together national survey data with in-depth interviews, Read My Lips presents a surprising picture of tax attitudes in the United States. Vanessa Williamson demonstrates that Americans view taxpaying as a civic responsibility and a moral obligation. But they worry that others are shirking their duties, in part because the experience of taxpaying misleads Americans about who pays taxes and how much. Perceived "loopholes" convince many income tax filers that a flat tax might actually raise taxes on the rich, and the relative invisibility of the sales and payroll taxes encourages many to underestimate the sizable tax contributions made by poor and working people. Americans see being a taxpayer as a role worthy of pride and respect, a sign that one is a contributing member of the community and the nation. For this reason, the belief that many Americans are not paying their share is deeply corrosive to the social fabric. The widespread misperception that immigrants, the poor, and working-class families pay little or no taxes substantially reduces public support for progressive spending programs and undercuts the political standing of low-income people. At the same time, the belief that the wealthy pay less than their share diminishes confidence that the political process represents most people. Upending the idea of Americans as knee-jerk opponents of taxes, Read My Lips examines American taxpaying as an act of political faith. Ironically, the depth of the American civic commitment to taxpaying makes the failures of the tax system, perceived and real, especially potent frustrations.
Download or read book Making the Modern American Fiscal State written by Ajay K. Mehrotra and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making the Modern American Fiscal State chronicles the rise of the US system of direct and progressive taxation.
Download or read book The Political Economy of Taxation in Latin America written by Gustavo Flores-Macias and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a comprehensive, region-wide analysis of the politics of taxation in Latin America to make reforms politically palatable and sustainable.
