Download or read book Particulate Sizing in Gas Turbine Exhausts Using a Laser Extinction Technique written by Philip H. Turner and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The measurement of soot particulates densities in gas turbine engine and rocket exhausts is an area of continuing scientific investigation. Knowledge of exhaust plume soot concentration and sizing is critical for plume signature determination, currently a focus of theatre ballistic missile defense research. This thesis research investigates the development and initial calibration of an instrument that will determine soot particle densities in an exhaust plume, by measuring the absorbtion of a light beam transmitted through the plume. This instrument utilizes an argon ion laser, four passes through the exhaust plume, and a phase conjugate crystal to correct for aberrations in the transmitted beam. Several aspects of instrument layout and performance were investigated, and an initial calibration against a conventional probe sampling technique was performed, using an ethelyne air combustor as a soot source. While soot concentration measurements obtained with the instrument were internally consistent, the primitive sample probe used limited the opportunity to do an accurate comparison against a conventional method. The method requires further development, but shows significant promise for use in a jet engine test cell.
Download or read book Particulate Sizing in Gas Turbine Exhaust Using a Laser Extinction Technique written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The measurement of soot particulates densities in gas turbine engine and rocket exhausts is an area of continuing scientific investigation. Knowledge of exhaust plume soot concentration and sizing is critical for plume signature determination, currently a focus of theatre ballistic missile defense research. This thesis research investigates the development and initial calibration of an instrument that will determine soot particle densities in an exhaust plume, by measuring the absorbtion of a light beam transmitted through the plume. This instrument utilizes an argon ion laser, four passes through the exhaust plume, and a phase conjugate crystal to correct for aberrations in the transmitted beam. Several aspects of instrument layout and performance were investigated, and an initial calibration against a conventional probe sampling technique was performed, using an ethelyne air combustor as a soot source. While soot concentration measurements obtained with the instrument were internally consistent, the primitive sample probe used limited the opportunity to do an accurate comparison against a conventional method. The method requires further development, but shows significant promise for use in a jet engine test cell.
Download or read book A Summary of Research 1995 written by United States. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Sizing of Soot in Gas Turbine Combustors and Exhaust Augmentor Tubes written by Mark F. Young and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was conducted to examine optical sizing techniques in gas turbine combustors and exhaust augmentor tubes. The two primary objectives of this thesis were to improve the accuracy of optical particle sizing in the combustor and across the augmentor tube, and to verify the improved capabilities with a test series. Multiple wavelength light transmittance and light scattering techniques were used. Particle sizes were found to be .15 to .17 microns in the combustor, increasing in size to .35 to .45 microns in the aft can, and 1.5 to 1.6 microns at the exit of the augmentor tube. A MALVERN 2600 HSD particle sizer was used to verify the accuracy of the T-63 optical system. A number of recommendations for improving the system were discussed. Theses.
Download or read book An Investigation of Particle Size Measurement Using Non Intrusive Optical Techniques in a Gas Turbine Combustor written by John S. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigated the use of three-wavelength light transmission and forward-angle scattered light intensity ratio techniques to determine the effects of fuel additives on particle sizes and mass concentrations in a T-63 combustor and evaluated several improvements to the T-63 diagnostic system. Data from both optical methods indicated an increase in particle size in a range of .06 to .10 microns occurred in the exhaust region when the fuel additive was used, with no change in mass concentration. The two techniques resulted in different measured particle sizes and require further investigation. Current improvements to the T-63 diagnostic apparatus are discussed along with required changes for further testing.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-10 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book RE written by E. Dan Hirleman and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An optical method for exhaust gas particulate sizing written by E. Dan Hirleman and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Optical Method for Exhaust Gas Particulate Sizing written by E.D. Hieleman and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nonvolatile Exhaust Particle Measurement Techniques written by E-31P Particulate Matter Committee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) addresses procedures applicable to quantifying the emission of nonvolatile particulate matter at the exit plane of aircraft gas turbine engines. While both volatile and nonvolatile particulate matter (PM) are present in aircraft gas turbine exhaust, the methods used to measure nonvolatile particles are farther advanced and are addressed here.Existing PM measurement regulations employ the SAE Smoke Number measurement (Reference 2.1.1), a stained filter technique used in evaluating visible emissions. The environmental and human health issues associated with submicronic PM emissions require more detailed measurement of the mass, size, and quantity of these particle emissions.Responding to regulatory agency requests, this AIR describes measurement techniques that are well developed and could be applied to the measurement of aircraft engine particulate matter. The techniques discussed here are considered relevant for measuring particle parameters identified with environmental and health concerns.The discussion that follows is based on research made while developing measurement techniques and in scientific and engineering experiments regarding PM emissions. The techniques are not yet used in routine aircraft engine certification. Future use in regulatory testing is likely to involve further refinements in methodology and application. It is planned that these refinements will be included in the subsequent publication of an Aerospace Recommended Practice.The distinction between nonvolatile and volatile particle types is a critical task in the measurement of particles in aircraft engine exhaust. Appendix A, SAE E-31 Position Paper on Particle Matter Measurements, provides additional technical bases for the scope of this AIR. The measurement methods for volatile condensed particles in turbine exhaust will be covered in a subsequent report. Observations to date show that volatile particles occur mainly at diameters less than 10 nanometers (
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurements of Gas Turbine Combustor and Engine Augmentor Tube Sooting Characteristics written by Thomas A. III. Grafton and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the changes in soot mean diameter across the combustor and exhaust nozzle of a T63 gas turbine engine, and across an exhaust augmentor tube. D32 within the combustor varied between 0.16 and 0.25 microns, depending upon fuel composition. Data correlation was most successful in this location using an index of refraction of 1.95 -0.66i with sigma = 1.5. In the aft can location (ahead of the exhaust nozzle) D32 was between 0.35 and 0.45 microns, depending upon the fuel-air ratio. Increasing fuel-air ratios decreased D32, also in agreement with the results presented in reference 1. Using NAPC 9 high aromatic fuel, D32 increased across the exhaust nozzle (0.35 to 1.2 microns) and across the augmentor tube (1.2 to 1.5 = 1.9 microns). Malvern data were in good agreement with the results obtained using larger scattering angles. Keywords: Optical sizing of soot; Gas turbine combustors; Exhaust augmentor tubes. (JES).
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of Sooting Characteristics of a Gas Turbine Combustor and Augmentor Tube written by Richard Howard Lindsay and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was conducted to examine the effects of fuel air ratio, fuel additives, fuel composition and inlet air temperature on particle sizes in a gas turbine combustor and augmentor tube. Equipment improvements led to validation of two optical sizing techniques, three-wavelength light transmittance and three-angle forward light scattering. Generally, data obtained agreed well with results of earlier investigations. Particle size variations within the combustor due to changing variables were documented. Effects of changing variables were dependent on inlet conditions and station. Fuel-air ratio had no effect on combustor or augmentor tube exhaust particle size. Keywords: Particle size, Gas turbine combustor, Test cell, Transmittance, Forward light scattering. (MJM).
Download or read book A Parametric Investigation of Soot Behavior and Other Emissions in a Gas Turbine Combustor written by Joseph Dickson Weller and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation was conducted to determine the effects of operating characteristics and fuel additives in a gas turbine combustor on particulates (soot) and other gaseous emissions (NOx, NO). The principles of Mie theory and three-wavelength light transmittance have been utilized in this investigation to determine particulate size and mass concentration. Using an Allison T63 turboshaft engine combustor, five experimental fuels of varying chemical composition were analyzed from an emissions standpoint. There was no apparent relationship between particulate size and either fuel composition or combustor exhaust temperature. Nitric oxide levels were indifferent to fuel composition but did show a characteristics upward trend with exhaust temperature. Visible spectrum transmittance did indicate an inverse relation to increasing exhaust temperature. Though only two fuel additives were tested on one fuel, there was no manifestation of improved transmittance with their use.
Download or read book Laser particulate Control for Open cycle Coal Fired Gas Turbines written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct coal-fired gas turbines need efficient, high-temperature, particulate control in order to be an attractive option for the efficient conversion of coal to electrical energy. Particulates in the range of three to ten microns are very difficult to remove; and it is, therefore, proposed that they be fragmented into particulates below the threshold size for turbine blade erosion using pulsed CO/sub 2/ lasers. Beam interaction with combustion products is considered. A 1000 MW(e) conceptual plant is presented to demonstrate costs and recirculating power requirements.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
