Download or read book PARTICULATE CHARACTERIZATION AND ULTRA LOW NOx BURNER FOR THE CONTROL OF NO sub X AND PM sub 2 5 FOR COAL FIRED BOILERS written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the serious challenge facing coal-fired electric utilities with regards to curbing their NO[sub x] and fine particulate emissions, Babcock and Wilcox and McDermott Technology, Inc. conducted a project entitled, ''Particulate Characterization and Ultra Low-NO[sub x] Burner for the Control of NO[sub x] and PM[sub 2.5] for Coal Fired Boilers.'' The project included pilot-scale demonstration and characterization of technologies for removal of NO[sub x] and primary PM[sub 2.5] emissions. Burner development and PM[sub 2.5] characterization efforts were based on utilizing innovative concepts in combination with sound scientific and fundamental engineering principles and a state-of-the-art test facility. Approximately 1540 metric tonnes (1700 tons) of high-volatile Ohio bituminous coal were fired. Particulate sampling for PM[sub 2.5] emissions characterization was conducted in conjunction with burner testing. Based on modeling recommendations, a prototype ultra low-NO[sub x] burner was fabricated and tested at 100 million Btu/hr in the Babcock and Wilcox Clean Environment Development Facility. Firing the unstaged burner with a high-volatile bituminous Pittsburgh 8 coal at 100 million Btu/hr and 17% excess air achieved a NO[sub x] goal of 0.20 lb NO[sub 2]/million Btu with a fly ash loss on ignition (LOI) of 3.19% and burner pressure drop of 4.7 in H[sub 2]O for staged combustion. With the burner stoichiometry set at 0.88 and the overall combustion stoichiometry at 1.17, average NO[sub x] and LOI values were 0.14 lb NO[sub 2]/million Btu and 4.64% respectively. The burner was also tested with a high-volatile Mahoning 7 coal. Based on the results of this work, commercial demonstration is being pursued. Size classified fly ash samples representative of commercial low-NO[sub x] and ultra low-NO[sub x] combustion of Pittsburgh 8 coal were collected at the inlet and outlet of an ESP. The mass of size classified fly ash at the ESP outlet was sufficient to evaluate the particle size distribution, but was of insufficient size to permit reliable chemical analysis. The size classified fly ash from the inlet of the ESP was used for detailed chemical analyses. Chemical analyses of the fly ash samples from the ESP outlet using a high volume sampler were performed for comparison to the size classified results at the inlet. For all test conditions the particulate removal efficiency of the ESP exceeded 99.3% and emissions were less than the NSPS limits of[approx]48 mg/dscm. With constant combustion conditions, the removal efficiency of the ESP increased as the ESP voltage and Specific Collection Area (SCA) increased. The associated decrease in particle emissions occurred in size fractions both larger and smaller than 2.5 microns. For constant ESP voltage and SCA, the removal efficiency for the ultra low-NO[sub x] combustion ash (99.4-99.6%) was only slightly less than for the low-NO[sub x] combustion ash (99.7%). The decrease in removal efficiency was accompanied by a decrease in ESP current. The emission of PM[sub 2.5] from the ESP did not change significantly as a result of the change in combustion conditions. Most of the increase in emissions was in the size fraction greater than 2.5 microns, indicating particle re-entrainment. These results may be specific to the coal tested in this program. In general, the concentration of inorganic elements and trace species in the fly ash at the ESP inlet was dependent on the particle size fraction. The smallest particles tended to have higher concentrations of inorganic elements/trace species than larger particles. The concentration of most elements by particle size range was independent of combustion condition and the concentration of soluble ions in the fly ash showed little change with combustion condition when evaluated on a carbon free basis.

Download or read book PARTICULATE CHARACTERIZATION AND ULTRA LOW NOx BURNER FOR THE CONTROL OF NOx AND PM sub 2 5 FOR COAL FIRED BOILERS written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the serious challenge facing coal-fired electric utilities with regards to curbing their NOx and fine particulate emissions, Babcock and Wilcox and McDermott Technology, Inc. conducted a project entitled, ''Particulate Characterization and Ultra Low-NOx Burner for the Control of NOx and PM{sub 2.5} for Coal Fired Boilers.'' The project included pilot-scale demonstration and characterization of technologies for removal of NOx and primary PM{sub 2.5} emissions. Burner development and PM{sub 2.5} characterization efforts were based on utilizing innovative concepts in combination with sound scientific and fundamental engineering principles and a state-of-the-art test facility. Approximately 1540 metric tonnes (1700 tons) of high-volatile Ohio bituminous coal were fired. Particulate sampling for PM{sub 2.5} emissions characterization was conducted in conjunction with burner testing. Based on modeling recommendations, a prototype ultra low-NOx burner was fabricated and tested at 100 million Btu/hr in the Babcock and Wilcox Clean Environment Development Facility. Firing the unstaged burner with a high-volatile bituminous Pittsburgh 8 coal at 100 million Btu/hr and 17% excess air achieved a NOx goal of 0.20 lb NO2/million Btu with a fly ash loss on ignition (LOI) of 3.19% and burner pressure drop of 4.7 in H2O for staged combustion. With the burner stoichiometry set at 0.88 and the overall combustion stoichiometry at 1.17, average NOx and LOI values were 0.14 lb NO2/million Btu and 4.64% respectively. The burner was also tested with a high-volatile Mahoning 7 coal. Based on the results of this work, commercial demonstration is being pursued. Size classified fly ash samples representative of commercial low-NOx and ultra low-NOx combustion of Pittsburgh 8 coal were collected at the inlet and outlet of an ESP. The mass of size classified fly ash at the ESP outlet was sufficient to evaluate the particle size distribution, but was of insufficient size to permit reliable chemical analysis. The size classified fly ash from the inlet of the ESP was used for detailed chemical analyses. Chemical analyses of the fly ash samples from the ESP outlet using a high volume sampler were performed for comparison to the size classified results at the inlet. For all test conditions the particulate removal efficiency of the ESP exceeded 99.3% and emissions were less than the NSPS limits of ≈48 mg/dscm. With constant combustion conditions, the removal efficiency of the ESP increased as the ESP voltage and Specific Collection Area (SCA) increased. The associated decrease in particle emissions occurred in size fractions both larger and smaller than 2.5 microns. For constant ESP voltage and SCA, the removal efficiency for the ultra low-NOx combustion ash (99.4-99.6%) was only slightly less than for the low-NOx combustion ash (99.7%). The decrease in removal efficiency was accompanied by a decrease in ESP current. The emission of PM{sub 2.5} from the ESP did not change significantly as a result of the change in combustion conditions. Most of the increase in emissions was in the size fraction greater than 2.5 microns, indicating particle re-entrainment. These results may be specific to the coal tested in this program. In general, the concentration of inorganic elements and trace species in the fly ash at the ESP inlet was dependent on the particle size fraction. The smallest particles tended to have higher concentrations of inorganic elements/trace species than larger particles. The concentration of most elements by particle size range was independent of combustion condition and the concentration of soluble ions in the fly ash showed little change with combustion condition when evaluated on a carbon free basis.

Download or read book Nitrogen oxides NOx why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book COST EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF NOx WITH INTEGRATED ULTRA LOW NOx BURNERS AND SNCR written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under sponsorship of the Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), McDermott Technology, Inc. (MTI), the Babcock & Wilcox Company (B & W), and Fuel Tech teamed together to investigate an integrated solution for NOx control. The system was comprised of B & W's DRB-4Z[trademark] low-NO[sub x] pulverized coal (PC) burner technology and Fuel Tech's NO[sub x]OUT[reg-sign], a urea-based selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) technology. The technology's emission target is achieving 0.15 lb NO[sub x]/10[sup 6] Btu for full-scale boilers. Development of the low-NOx burner technology has been a focus in B & W's combustion program. The DRB-4Z[trademark] burner (see Figure 1.1) is B & W's newest low-NO[sub x] burner capable of achieving very low NO[sub x]. The burner is designed to reduce NO[sub x] by diverting air away from the core of the flame, which reduces local stoichiometry during coal devolatilization and, thereby, reduces initial NO[sub x] formation. Figure 1.2 shows the historical NO[sub x] emission levels from different B & W burners. Figure 1.2 shows that based on three large-scale commercial installations of the DRB-4Z[trademark] burners in combination with OFA ports, using Western subbituminous coal, the NO[sub x] emissions ranged from 0.16 to 0.18 lb/10[sup 6] Btu. It appears that with continuing research and development the Ozone Transport Rule (OTR) emission level of 0.15 lb NO[sub x]/10[sup 6] Btu is within the reach of combustion modification techniques for boilers using western U.S. subbituminous coals. Although NO[sub x] emissions from the DRB-4Z[trademark] burner are nearing OTR emission level with subbituminous coals, the utility boiler owners that use bituminous coals can still benefit from the addition of an SNCR and/or SCR system in order to comply with the stringent NO[sub x] emission levels facing them.

Download or read book NOx Control Options and Integration for US Coal Fired Boilers written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the twentieth Quarterly Technical Report for DOE Cooperative Agreement No: DEFC26-00NT40753. The goal of the project is to develop cost-effective analysis tools and techniques for demonstrating and evaluating low-NO(subscript x) control strategies and their possible impact on boiler performance for boilers firing US coals. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is providing co-funding for this program. At the beginning of this quarter, the corrosion probes were removed from Gavin Station. Data analysis and preparation of the final report continued this quarter. This quarterly report includes further results from the BYU catalyst characterization lab and the in-situ FTIR lab, and includes the first results from tests run on samples cut from the commercial plate catalysts. The SCR slipstream reactor at Plant Gadsden was removed from the plant, where the total exposure time on flue gas was 350 hours. A computational framework for SCR deactivation was added to the SCR model.

Download or read book Review of the U S Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy s Research Plan for Fine Particulates written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-12-11 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Control of Particulate Matter from Oil Burners and Boilers written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Prototype Evaluation of Commercial Second Generation Low NOx Burner Performance and Sulfur Dioxide Capture Potential written by A. Abele and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expanded use of coal for utility and industrial boiler applications has focused attention on the control of NO[subscript x] and SO2 emissions from pulverized coal combustion. Various EPA programs have demonstrated the principle of staged combustion as a means of controlling NO[subscript x] emissions. Other programs are evaluating the potential for SO2 control with the injection of calcium-based sorbents into furnace combustion chambers. Under this program, Steinmuller Staged Mixing (SM) burners were tested in EPA's Large Watertube Simulator (LWS) test facility. The objectives of the program were to provide a comparative evaluation of the SM burner in the LWS with field operation and to optimize its performance for low NO[subscript x] emissions, high efficiency, and combined NO[subscript x]/SO2 control with sorbent injection. The experimental effort included evaluating two SM burners in the LWS using three coals and three sorbents. The evaluation of the two burners, the Weiher SM burner currently in operation in a 700 MW boiler in West Germany and a second generation SM burner, included characterization of burner performance and NO[subscript x] emissions and SO2 reduction with sorbent injection through burner passages. The impact of the NO[subscript x] and SO2 control techniques on ash characteristics (including slagging and fouling behavior, and SO2/SO3 speciation) was also evaluated.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOx Control written by J. Edward Cichanowicz and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book EPA Publications Bibliography written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Weston Edward 1886 1958 written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The folder may include clippings, announcements, small exhibition catalogs, and other ephemeral items.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOx Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Achieving New Source Performance Standards NSPS Emission Standards Through Integration of Low NOx Burners with an Optimization Plan for Boiler Combustion written by Wayne Penrod and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project was to demonstrate the use of an Integrated Combustion Optimization System to achieve NO{sub X} emission levels in the range of 0.15 to 0.22 lb/MMBtu while simultaneously enabling increased power output. The project plan consisted of the integration of low-NO{sub X} burners and advanced overfire air technology with various process measurement and control devices on the Holcomb Station Unit 1 boiler. The plan included the use of sophisticated neural networks or other artificial intelligence technologies and complex software to optimize several operating parameters, including NO{sub X} emissions, boiler efficiency, and CO emissions. The program was set up in three phases. In Phase I, the boiler was equipped with sensors that can be used to monitor furnace conditions and coal flow to permit improvements in boiler operation. In Phase II, the boiler was equipped with burner modifications designed to reduce NO{sub X} emissions and automated coal flow dampers to permit on-line fuel balancing. In Phase III, the boiler was to be equipped with an overfire air system to permit deep reductions in NO{sub X} emissions. Integration of the overfire air system with the improvements made in Phases I and II would permit optimization of boiler performance, output, and emissions. This report summarizes the overall results from Phases I and II of the project. A significant amount of data was collected from the combustion sensors, coal flow monitoring equipment, and other existing boiler instrumentation to monitor performance of the burner modifications and the coal flow balancing equipment.

Download or read book Low No Sub X written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Low NO(subscript x)/SO(subscript x) (LNS) Burner Retrofit for Utility Cyclone Boilers program consists of the retrofit and subsequent demonstration of the technology at Southern Illinois Power Cooperative's (SIPC's) 33-MW unit 1 cyclone boiler located near Marion, Illinois. The LNS Burner employs a simple innovative combustion process burning high-sulfur Illinois coal to provide substantial SO2 and NO(subscript x) control within the burner. A complete series of boiler performance and characterization tests, called the baseline tests, was conducted in October 1990 on unit 1 of SIPC's Marion Station. The primary objective of the baseline test was to collect data from the existing plant that could provide a comparison of performance after the LNS Burner retrofit. These data could confirm the LNS Burner's SO(subscript x) and NO(subscript x) emissions control and any effect on boiler operation. Further, these tests would provide to the project experience with the operating characteristics of the host unit as well as engineering design information to minimize technical uncertainties in the application of the LNS Burner technology.

Download or read book written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 500 MW Demonstration of Advanced Wall fired Combustion Techniques for the Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide NO subscript X Emissions from Coal fired Boilers Technical Progress Report Second Quarter 1994 April 1994 June 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This quarterly report discusses the technical progress of an Innovative Clean Coal Technology (ICCT) demonstration of advanced wall-fired combustion techniques for the reduction of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from coal-fired boilers. The project is being conducted at Georgia Power Company's Plant Hammond Unit 4 located near Rome, Georgia. The primary goal of this project is the characterization of the low NOx combustion equipment through the collection and analysis of long-term emissions data. A target of achieving fifty percent NOx reduction using combustion modifications has been established for the project. The project provides a stepwise retrofit of an advanced overfire air (AOFA) system followed by low NOx burners (LNB). During each test phase of the project, diagnostic, performance, long-term, and verification testing will be performed. These tests are used to quantify the NOx reductions of each technology and evaluate the effects of those reductions on other combustion parameters. Results are described.

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: