Download or read book Particle Size Measurements in Solid Propellant Rocket Exhaust Plumes written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle sizing interferometer measurement of particle size distributions, velocity and number density in samples of rocket propellant exhaust is described. Signal visibility and scattered intensity for individual particles was measured for a nominal size range of 0.3 to 6 micrometers. Calibration tests of the instrument were obtained by firing small propellant samples into a 20-cu cm chamber and comparing the measured particle size distributions with those obtained from estimates using multiple wavelength transmissometers and a commercial optical particle counter. Particle sizing interferometer estimates of particle size distributions and number densities required the development of models which could account for sample space dependence on particle size and illuminating fringe contrast variation. Results obtained by using these models on particle size data from calibration and rocket motor test firings show the need for well-controlled insitu perturbationless particle size measuring techniques for hostile environments.
Download or read book Particle Behavior in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors and Plumes written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The particle size distribution inside the combustion chamber and the changes that occurred across the exhaust nozzle were measured in a subscale solid propellant rocket motor with a 2% aluminized end-burning propellant grain and a highly underexpanded nozzle. A combination of diagnostic techniques were used. Size distributions in the exhaust plume were determined by a Single Particle Counter, a Malvern 2600 ensemble particle sizer, and by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examinations of particles collected on a timed exposure impact probe. Size distributions inside the combustion chamber were determined by Malvern 2600 measurements through windows at the nozzle entrance, SEM examinations of particles collected from the nozzle entrance wall, and exhaust plume measurements of a helium quenched motor. It was determined that agglomeration processes dominated in the flow from the center of the combustion chamber up to the nozzle entrance. Particle breakup processes dominated particle behavior from the nozzle entrance, through the nozzle, and into the exhaust. Solid-Propellant; Rocket Motor; Particle Sizing.
Download or read book Particle Sizing in Solid Rocket Motors written by Douglas Lyle Hovland and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle size distribution measurements were made with a Malvern 2600c forward laser light diffraction system across the exhaust nozzle entrance and exhaust plume of a small two-dimensional rocket motor. The solid propellants tested were GAP propellants containing 2.0% and 4.69% aluminum. Surface agglomeration of the aluminum, indicated by the in-motor results, was found to decrease as the motor chamber pressures were increased. At low pressures, increasing the aluminum loading with fixed total solids decreased the mean particle size at the nozzle entrance. Exhaust plume particle size was practically independent of nozzle inlet particle diameters, supporting the critical Weber number particle breakup theory. Initial validation of the Malvern 2600c measurements was accomplished by favorable comparison to exhaust plume particle distribution results obtained using a particle collection probe. Particle sizing; Solid propellant rocket engines; Light scattering; Theses.
Download or read book Application of Laser Diffraction Techniques to Particle Sizing in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors written by E. D. Youngborg and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particle Size Measurement of Aluminium Oxide in a Solid Propellant Rocket Exhaust written by Alan Rose and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diagnostic Methods for Particle Property Measurements in Solid Rocket Motor Plumes written by W. M. Farmer and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AN ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES FOR PARTICLE PROPERTY MEASUREMENTS IN SOLID ROCKET MOTOR EXHAUST PLUMES IS PRESENTED. Operational limitations of the fringe type dual scatter, transit time, and local oscillator systems are presented in detail. In addition, two particle sizing interferometer systems were evaluated. State-of-the-art optical systems are reviewed and evaluated for particle velocity, particle size, and number density measurements. Particle diffusion spectroscopy, Schlieren correlation, and the radiating particle velocimeter were examined and recommended for measurement of particle size, mass density, and particle temperature. An ultraviolet forward Mie scattering computer code was used to examine ultraviolet scattering patterns from particles. (Author).
Download or read book Investigation of the Effects of Solid Rocket Motor Propellant Composition on Plume Signature written by Clay J. Snaza and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three propellants with aluminum/silicon weight percentages of 18/0%, 13.5/4.5%, and 12/6% were fired in a subscale motor to determine if the plume infrared signature could be reduced without a significant loss in specific impulse. Spectral measurements from 2.5 to 5.5 micrometers and thermal measurements from 3.5 to 5.0 micrometers were made. Plume particle size measurements showed that only particles with small diameters (less than 1.93 micrometers) were present with any significant volume. Replacing a portion of the aluminum in a highly metallized solid propellant with silicon was found to eliminate the Al2O3 in favor of SiO2 and Al6SiOl3, without any change in particulate mass concentration or any large change in particle size distribution. These particulates were found to have significantly lower absorptivity than Al2O3. An additional investigation was conducted to determine the particle size distribution at the nozzle entrance. Malvern ensemble scattering, phase-Doppler single particle scattering and laser transmittance measurements made through windows in the combustion chamber at the nozzle entrance indicated that large particles were present (to 250 micrometers). However, most of the mass of the particles was contained in particles with diameters smaller than 5 micrometers. Approximate calculations made with the measured data showed that if 100 micrometers particles are present with the smoke (particles with diameters less than 2 micrometers) they could account for only approximately 10% of the article volume.
Download or read book Particle Sizing in a Solid Rocket Motor Using the Management of Scattered Light written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A previous study discussed the formulation of the theory for the scattering properties in the general case of particles of arbitrary size and refractive index occurring in a polydispersion of finite optical depth. Roberts and Webb concluded that three volume-surface mean diameter (Sauter) D sub 32 of the polydispersion may be determined from the intensity of diffraction scattered light from spherical particles. An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the feasibility of measuring the change in particle size across the exhaust nozzle of a small solid propellant rocket motor. Light scattering measurements were made at small forward angles at the entrance and exit of the exhaust nozzle. The experimental technique was found to be practical, especially if used in conjunction with measurements of transmitted light of multiple wave lengths. However, the determination of D sub 32 is difficult in the motor environment and is biased toward the larger particles in the size distribution. Particle size measurements were in reasonable agreement with sizes determined from collected exhaust products. Recommendations for further improvement of the apparatus are made. Keywords: Diffractively scattered light; Particle sizing.
Download or read book Particle Sizing in a Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Using Scattered Light Measurements written by John S. Rosa and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was performed to determine, in situ, the change in mean particle size across the exhaust nozzle of a small metallized solid-propellant rocket motor. Light scattering profiles were recorded at both the exhaust and the entrance of the nozzle. The experiment method used provided excellent results within the exhaust. However, combustion light at the wavelength of the transmitted light hampered light scattering measurements within the motor. Particle size measurements were consistent with the sizes found in the collected exhaust products. Keywords: Solid-Propellant; Rocket Motor; Light-Scattering; and Particle Sizing. (Theses).
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solid Rocket Motor Plume Particle Size Measurements Using Multiple Optical Techniques in a Probe written by John R. Manser and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation to measure particle size distributions in the plume of sub-scale solid rocket motors was conducted. A phase-Doppler particle analyzer (pDPA) in conjunction with three-wavelength extinction measurements were used in a specially designed particle collection probe in an attempt to determine the entire plume particle size distribution. In addition, a laser ensemble particle sizer was used for comparative data. The PDPA and Malvem distributions agreed in the observed modes near 1 and 4.5 mm diameter (d). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pictures of collected particles were in good agreement with the measured Malvem Sauter Mean diameter (d, %) of 2.59 mm. Data analysis indicate that less than 3% of the total mass of the particles was contained in particles with diameter d
Download or read book Rocket Exhaust Plume Phenomenology written by Frederick S. Simmons and published by AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics). This book was released on 2000 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book deals with the phenomenology of rocket exhaust plumes as the targets of space-based surveillance systems. Topics include the physical and chemical processes in rocket engines and their exhaust plumes, particularly in regard to flow properties, gas dynamics, and radiative mechanisms that are responsible for the generation of emission in rocket exhaust plumes at infrared and other wavelengths. System designers in a number of defense-related areas will be able to put the information in this book to immediate use.
Download or read book Measurement of Particle Size Distribution in a Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Using Light Scattering written by Ted E. Pruitt and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research was conducted to determine the particle size distribution in the motor and exhaust of a small solid propellant rocket motor using light scattering techniques. A commercially produced MALVERN 2600 Particle Sizer was used in conjunction with a locally designed light scattering apparatus. The physical dimensions of the motor windows limited the minimum measurable particle size to roughly 3.5 microns. Motor data was repeatable and agreement between light scattering systems was within approximately 7%. A large particle bias was evident. The source of this bias was believed to be the RTV used for bonding and inhibiting.
Download or read book Solid Rocket Motor Plume Particle Size Measurements Using Multiple Optical Techniques in a Probe written by John R. Manser and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation to measure particle size distributions in the plume of sub-scale solid rocket motors was conducted. A phase-Doppler particle analyzer (pDPA) in conjunction with three-wavelength extinction measurements were used in a specially designed particle collection probe in an attempt to determine the entire plume particle size distribution. In addition, a laser ensemble particle sizer was used for comparative data. The PDPA and Malvem distributions agreed in the observed modes near 1 and 4.5 mm diameter (d). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pictures of collected particles were in good agreement with the measured Malvem Sauter Mean diameter (d, %) of 2.59 mm. Data analysis indicate that less than 3% of the total mass of the particles was contained in particles with diameter d
Download or read book Particle Size Determination in Small Solid Propellant Rocket Motors Using the Diffractively Scattered Light Method written by Robert Grewelle Cramer (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A dual beam apparatus was developed which simultaneously measured particle size (D32) at the entrance and exit of an exhaust nozzle of a small solid propellant rocket motor. The diameters were determined using measurements of diffractively scattered laser power spectra. The apparatus was calibrated by using spherical glass beads and aluminum oxide powder. Measurements were successfully made at both locations.
Download or read book Measurements of Sub Micron AL203 Particles in Rocket Plumes written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transmission measurements using six wavelengths were made through the edges of plumes for solid propellant rocket motors using various propellants and motor geometries. The average values obtained for the aluminum oxide particles were a Sauter mean diameter of O.30+ or -.02 microns, an index of refraction of 1.64 + or -.04 and standard deviation of 1.52+ or -.12 for the assumed monomodal, log-normal size distribution. The results indicated that the small aluminum oxide particles in the plume edge were gamma-AL203, independent of propellant composition, motor operating conditions and nozzle geometry. The good correlation of the data indicated that the small particles can be adequately represented by a monomodal, log-normal distribution.
Download or read book Studies of the Exhaust Products from Solid Propellant Rocket Motors written by R. Dawbarn and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
