Download or read book Parental Obesity Intergenerational Programming and Consequences written by Lucy R. Green and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, leading figures in the field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease provide up-to-date information from human clinical trials, cohorts, and animal physiology experiments to reveal the interdependence between parental obesity and health of the offspring. Obesity of the mother and father produces obesity in their offspring, so we are caught up in an intergenerational cycle, which means that even our children’s future health is in peril. This book gives a timely and much-needed synthesis of the mechanisms, potential targets of future interventions, and the challenges that need to be overcome in order to break the intergenerational cycle of obesity. This has profound implications for the way in which scientific, clinical and health policy activities are to be directed in order to combat the so-called epidemic of obesity, as well as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. The book will be of interest to students, clinicians, researchers and health policy makers who are either seeking an introduction to the area of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease or have a specific interest in the pathogenesis of obesity.
Download or read book Developmental Origins of Health and Disease written by Lucilla Poston and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-22 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of the early life developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) in adults has stimulated a new approach to understanding disease trajectories, with major public health implications. Indeed, the principle of the 'lifecourse of disease' now influences health policies internationally. Environmental influences during pregnancy and early life that affect lifelong health are well documented, but there is a new focus on the preconception period and the significance of paternal health on the fetus. This fully revised second edition highlights scientific and clinical advances in the field, exploring new understanding of mechanisms such as epigenetics and the increasingly recognised role of external influences, including pollution. The book is structured logically, covering environment, clinical outcomes, mechanisms of DOHaD, interventions throughout the lifespan and finally implications for public health and policy. Clinicians and scientists alike will improve their understanding of the developmental origins of health and disease with this essential text.
Download or read book Pre emptive Medicine Public Health Aspects of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease written by Fumihiro Sata and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-11 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews public health activities such as awareness campaigns, health education, and strategies for health policy based on recent epidemiological studies that provide insights into epigenetic processes caused by environmental factors and developmental plasticity. It provides the latest concepts and findings on the public health aspects of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) research regarding early prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Attention is especially paid to key issues, including strategies for the effective prevention of NCDs in developmental stages of life and younger generations rather than in adults and the elderly. Public Health Aspects in Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) is structured in two parts; the first focuses on general remarks reviewing specific recommendations, practical methods and protocols, and future goals regarding public health aspects, while the second presents brief profiles of individual cohorts and consortia studies. This collection will benefit both new and established researchers, as well as students in the fields of epidemiology, clinical medicine, nutrition, education, and public health who are seeking comprehensive information on DOHaD and preemptive medicine.
Download or read book The Human Microbiome in Early Life written by Omry Koren and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-18 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Human Microbiome in Early Life: Implications to Health and Disease presents recent research advances that have highlighted the significance of early life, possibly beginning before birth, in the establishment of both the microbiome and its role in health and disease. The book reviews current knowledge on the origins of the human microbiota in early life, presents exposures which may disturb normal microbial colonization, and covers their implications to the risk of disease. Finally, emerging means to modify the early human microbiome to improve health are discussed. - Examines the timeline of the human microbiome, from before conception to infancy, with an emphasis on clinical implications - Evaluates the effort to understand not only the composition but also the origin of the microbiome - Proves the emerging means to modify the human microbiome and particularly 'the first 1000 days of life' improve human health and prevent disease - Generates resources to facilitate characterization of the human microbiota to further our understanding of how the microbiome impacts human health and disease
Download or read book Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research 2016 written by Amedeo Lonardo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research 2016" that was published in IJMS
Download or read book Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics written by Raffaele De Caterina and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-22 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is the most comprehensive foundational text on the complex topics of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Edited by three leaders in the field with contributions from the most well-cited researchers conducting groundbreaking research in the field, the book covers how the genetic makeup influences the response to foods and nutrients and how nutrients affect gene expression. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is broken into four parts providing a valuable overview of genetics, nutrigenetics, and nutrigenomics, and a conclusion that helps to translate research into practice. With an overview of the background, evidence, challenges, and opportunities in the field, readers will come away with a strong understanding of how this new science is the frontier of medical nutrition. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is a valuable reference for students and researchers studying nutrition, genetics, medicine, and related fields. - Uniquely foundational, comprehensive, and systematic approach with full evidence-based coverage of established and emerging topics in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics - Includes a valuable guide to ethics for genetic testing for nutritional advice - Chapters include definitions, methods, summaries, figures, and tables to help students, researchers, and faculty grasp key concepts - Companion website includes slide decks, images, questions, and other teaching and learning aids designed to facilitate communication and comprehension of the content presented in the book
Download or read book Osteoporosis written by Nicholas C Harvey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-16 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to document comprehensively the ‘state of the art’ in the lifecourse epidemiology of osteoporosis. In detailed chapters, expert contributors describe the current and projected future burden of disease, developments in the understanding of risk factors for osteoporosis from cradle to grave, the underlying mechanisms, and advances in approaches to risk assessment and treatment. It is essential reading for all students on postgraduate courses in bone health, as well as an important reference for practitioners and researchers in osteoporosis, epidemiology, and related fields.
Download or read book The Handbook of Applied Communication Research written by H. Dan O'Hair and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-24 with total page 1100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative survey of different contexts, methodologies, and theories of applied communication The field of Applied Communication Research (ACR) has made substantial progress over the past five decades in studying communication problems, and in making contributions to help solve them. Changes in society, human relationships, climate and the environment, and digital media have presented myriad contexts in which to apply communication theory. The Handbook of Applied Communication Research addresses a wide array of contemporary communication issues, their research implications in various contexts, and the challenges and opportunities for using communication to manage problems. This innovative work brings together the diverse perspectives of a team of notable international scholars from across disciplines. The Handbook of Applied Communication Research includes discussion and analysis spread across two comprehensive volumes. Volume one introduces ACR, explores what is possible in the field, and examines theoretical perspectives, organizational communication, risk and crisis communication, and media, data, design, and technology. The second volume focuses on real-world communication topics such as health and education communication, legal, ethical, and policy issues, and volunteerism, social justice, and communication activism. Each chapter addresses a specific issue or concern, and discusses the choices faced by participants in the communication process. This important contribution to communication research: Explores how various communication contexts are best approached Addresses balancing scientific findings with social and cultural issues Discusses how and to what extent media can mitigate the effects of adverse events Features original findings from ongoing research programs and original communication models and frameworks Presents the best available research and insights on where current research and best practices should move in the future A major addition to the body of knowledge in the field, The Handbook of Applied Communication Research is an invaluable work for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and scholars.
Download or read book Cardiovascular and Multigenerational Implications of Maternal Obesity written by Christopher L. Pankey and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity is a growing global issue associated with adverse health consequences including cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, global obesity has tripled since 1975, and 41 million children under five were obese or overweight in 2016. Sedentary lifestyle and hypercaloric diets are key contributors to increasing incidence of obesity, but there are additional contributing factors to consider. Previous studies from our lab have shown that maternal obesity (OB) predisposes offspring to exhibit indications of the metabolic syndrome including insulin/glucose dysregulation, increased adiposity, hypercortisolemia, and cardiovascular disease. These findings are supported by multiple epidemiologic and controlled animal studies. However, many questions remain regarding in vivo cardiovascular function, and intergenerational programming effects. This dissertation focuses on the intergenerational and transgenerational programming of adverse cardiovascular and metabolic phenotypes from OB. In the first experiment, we evaluated in vivo cardiovascular structure and function using invasive blood pressure measurements, and echocardiography. We found that in prenatal life, OBF1 fetuses have thicker aortas, with a greater collagen:elastin ratio (suggestive of lowered elasticity). We also found that OBF1 are hypertensive relative to CONF1 at 2.5 months of age, yet hypotensive with multiple cardiac geometric changes upon reaching advanced age. These findings suggest that OB programs vascular changes that increase cardiac workload in the young, and eventually leads to indications of cardiac failure in old age. The second and third studies focus on inter- and transgenerational programming of indications for metabolic syndrome after OB. We found that intergenerational programming resulted in OBF2 exhibiting insulin/glucose dysregulation, hypercortisolemia, and increased weight gain when F2 were exposed to a metabolic stress such as ad libitum feed or gestation. We also found that OBF3 show differences in body size and weight at birth, but seemingly normal endocrine profiles. These data suggest that OB programs transgenerational phenotypes that may be epigenetically linked, yet many phenotypes require direct exposure to the initial OBF0 uterine environment. Given the similarities of fetal:maternal mass, temporal pattern of development, and precocial offspring, we suggest that this model is imperative to improving our understanding of obese pregnancies in humans.
Download or read book Fetal Therapy written by Mark D. Kilby and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated by a team of internationally renowned experts, this book gives a thorough overview of fetal pathophysiology and an evidence base for in utero: both medical (non-invasive) and surgical treatments. Many topics are expanded to cover recent advances, including: stem cell transplantation; tissue scaffolding; minimally invasive approaches to 'open fetal surgery'; the etiology, prevention and treatment of preterm birth and PROM; the genetic etiologies of fetal disease; and gene therapy. In addition, there are in-depth discussions as to the role of open fetal myelomeningocele repair and several fetoscopic approaches to therapy. The international editors have added important new chapters on reducing stillbirth and prenatal counselling. This book is an invaluable reference guide to the latest fetal therapy options, and an essential, in-depth study book for maternal-fetal and neonatology specialists.
Download or read book It Runs in the Family written by Renee Beth Cadzow and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ?Pub Inc Minority and disadvantaged populations experience higher morbidity and mortality from diseases associated with poor nutrition and obesity, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, and cancer. The most significant predictor of childhood obesity is parental obesity. Heredity is not the sole cause of this connection; it is important to understand the family environment, including facilitators and barriers to nutrition modification in order to inform culturally appropriate community based participatory interventions. The rates of these diseases will likely decrease if steps are taken to curb childhood obesity and improve lifestyle behaviors early in life. Employing a biocultural political economic perspective, this project sought to identify aspects of the household and family that are strongly correlated with the presence of obese individuals in the household. A second aim was to identify barriers and facilitators to healthy behaviors that can be addressed in community intervention programs. The researcher conducted structured and semi-structured in-depth interviews and quantitative anthropometric measurements of families with children aged 6-12 who volunteered after receiving a flier from their child's primary care physician or school. The interviews and measurements occurred in participants' homes in urban areas of Buffalo, NY. Recruitment was purposefully conducted in a primary low-income African-American area (the family practice site) as well as through an inner-city school, thus participating families are mostly low-income African-American. Fifty-four home visits were conducted between December 2006 and July 2007. Child weight status (z-scores of BMI, weight, and percent body fat) was significantly related to parent weight status (p
Download or read book Parenting Matters written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.
Download or read book ABC of Obesity written by Naveed Sattar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-08 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity is a hugely expensive and increasing problem worldwide,leading to disability, reproductive problems, depression andaccelerated metabolic and vascular diseases in a large proportionof men, women and children. The ABC of Obesity is a newguide which will aid its effective management, addressing issuessuch as dieting, exercise, self esteem, drug treatment and surgery.Recent evidence is used to highlight frequent problems, successfultreatment options, and the most common causes. Written by leading experts, this is a widely accessible text andan indispensable guide for all general practitioners, juniordoctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who areinvolved in the treatment and research of this commoncondition.
Download or read book Preventing Childhood Obesity written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-01-31 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking developmentâ€"an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.
Download or read book The Origins and Consequences of Obesity written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines obesity disorders which can lead to diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. It offers an interdisciplinary and international look at all aspects of the origins, consequences and treatment of obesity.
Download or read book Effects of Parental Obesity on Fat Metabolism During Submaximal Exercise in Children written by Audrey Denise Eaves and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the present study was to compare fat metabolism during submaximal exercise in children with a morbidly obese parent - (COP) (BMI [greater than or equal to] 40 kg/m2) to children with relatively lean parents - (CLP) (BMI [less than or equal to] 28 kg/m2). All participants in the COP and CLP groups (n = 10 per group) completed two, ten minute submaximal exercise sessions at an absolute workload of 15 W and a relative workload of 65% VO2 peak as expired gases were measured. Actigraph GT1M accelerometers were also worn by the participants to determine physical activity patterns during periods of normal living. Despite the participants being matched for age, maturity, body composition, cardiovascular fitness, and physical activity levels, the COP group had a significantly higher RER and lower percentage of energy from fat than the CLP group at an absolute workload of 15 W (P [less than or equal to] 0.05). The difference in RER and percentage of energy from fat at the relative workload of 65% VO2 peak was not significantly different. From our results there appears to be a decreased reliance on fat for energy at lower intensity exercise in children with at least one morbidly obese parent compared to children with lean parents. This decrease in fat metabolism may be genetically predetermined and increase the risk of being obese.
Download or read book Development Strategies and Biodiversity written by David Costantini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-15 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development is a complex and highly dynamic process involving the cross talk among genes, maternal effects and environmental circumstances. Widespread evidence from plant to animal species show that variation in developmental conditions can modulate life history trajectories and influence key traits, such as growth, reproduction, and senescence. These effects are not limited to a single generation but can also be passed on future generations. This book aims to bring together studies of early life effects from the fields of evolutionary biology, global change biology, and biomedicine to synthesise and improve current knowledge of the mechanisms involved, and how variation in early life conditions translates into Darwinian fitness outcomes. Relying on examples of organisms’ responses to the ongoing and future environmental challenges of the Anthropocene, this book takes a novel approach to address the adaptive meaning of early life effects. The book has a broad scientific approach, targeting eco-evolutionary biologists, behavioural biologists, eco-physiologists, eco-toxicologists, as well as epidemiologists and biomedical scientists.
