Download or read book Paraoxonases in Inflammation Infection and Toxicology written by Srinivasa T. Reddy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-11 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *** This series does not include back cover copy. ***

Download or read book The Paraoxonases Their Role in Disease Development and Xenobiotic Metabolism written by Bharti Mackness and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-26 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 2006 the 2nd International Conference on Paraoxonases took place in Hajdúszoboszló, Hungary, bringing together the world's foremost experts in the field. The current book is a distillation of the plenary lectures which took place at the meeting, resulting in a comprehensive up-to-date, state-of-the-art review of current paraoxonase research. The book details a unique and novel enzyme whose physiological/pathological function(s) are just starting to be revealed.

Download or read book Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents written by Ramesh C Gupta and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-01-21 with total page 1199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents, Second Edition covers every aspect of deadly toxic chemicals used in conflicts, warfare and terrorism. Including findings from experimental as well as clinical studies, this essential reference offers in-depth coverage of individual toxicants, target organ toxicity, major incidents, toxic effects in humans, animals and wildlife, biosensors and biomarkers, on-site and laboratory analytical methods, decontamination and detoxification procedures, and countermeasures. Expanding on the ground-breaking first edition, Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents has been completely updated, presenting the most recent advances in field. Brand new chapters include a case study of the Iran-Iraq war, an overview of chemical weapons of mass destruction, explosives, Ricin, the human respiratory system, alternative testing methods, brain injuries, and more. - Unites world-leading experts to bring you cutting-edge, agent-specific information on Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA) and their adverse effects on human and animal health, and the environment - Provides you with all the information you need on CWA modes of action, detection, prevention, therapeutic treatment and countermeasures - New to this edition: a full update to reflect the most recent advances in the field and new chapters on emergency preparedness, the chemical warfare agents used in Syria, and the use of the Novichok agent in the UK

Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Non communicable Diseases Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives in Therapeutics written by Jordi Camps and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-19 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidative stress and inflammation underpin most diseases; their mechanisms are inextricably linked. For example, chronic inflammation is associated with oxidation, anti-inflammatory cascades are linked to decreased oxidation, increased oxidative stress triggers inflammation and redox balance inhibits the inflammatory cellular response. Whether or not oxidative stress and inflammation represent the causes or the consequences of cellular pathology, they contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of non-communicable diseases. The incidence of obesity and other related metabolic disturbances are rising, as are age-related diseases due to progressively aging populations. Interrelations between the mechanisms of oxidative stress and of inflammatory signaling and metabolism are, in the broad sense of energy transformation, being increasingly recognized as part of the problem in non-communicable diseases. The book Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Non-communicable Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives in Therapeutics is an update on the latest research on the molecular basis of non-communicable diseases and the search for possible therapeutic alternatives. The authors of this monograph are experts in their field and the book as a whole, provides an overview of the biochemical alterations underlying diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, renal disease, neurological diseases and diabetes, emphasizing those aspects that they share in common. We hope that this book will be useful for researchers in biomedicine and also for physicians interested in finding the root causes of the disease, as well as for post-graduate students in biochemistry, molecular biology, nutrition or medicine.

Download or read book The Role of Dendritic Cells and Monocytes in HIV Infection written by Shannon Marie Murray and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Download or read book Paraoxonase PON1 in Health and Disease written by Lucio G. Costa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-11-30 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The journey to find genes responsible for determining sensitivity or resistance to specific insecticides led to the paraoxonase (PON1) gene on human chromosome 7. This gene encodes a 355 amino acid protein that is localized on the high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in plasma. Characterization of this gene revealed that different individuals expressed both different forms of this enzyme with amino acid substitutions at positions 55 and 192 as well as different levels of this protein. Additional studies showed that mutations in the regulatory region of the PON1 gene contributed to the very different levels of plasma PON1 among individuals. It turned out that both the level of the enzyme as well as the amino acid present at position 192 (glutamine or arginine) are important in determining resistance to the active forms of specific organophosphorus insecticides, especially diazinon and chlorpyrifos. The position 192 amino acid also determined whether an individual's plasma hydrolyzed the nerve agents soman and sarin at high or low rates. It is not yet known whether these different rates of hydrolysis observed in biochemical assays reflect differences in sensitivity of individuals to nerve agents. Taken together, all of the experiments carried out to date indicate that engineered recombinant PON1 is an excellent candidate to use for treating cases of poisoning by specific organophosphorus compounds. The available data on the relationship of PON1 levels and position 192 genotype led us to introduce the term PON1 status to describe an individual's PON1 plasma level as well as their position 192 genotype.The characterization of the genetic variations of the PON1 gene together with experiments showing that HDL can protect the lipids in low density lipoprotein particles (LDL) from oxidation and that it was PON1 that was responsible for this protection have opened an entirely new area of investigation, the role of PON1 in protecting against vascular disease.More recent reports have noted that PON1 also metabolizes a number of drugs, activating some and inactivating others.This book describes the recent advances in understanding the role of PON1 in both cardiovascular disease and toxicology of insecticide exposure as well as some of the recent information indicating an important possible role in the pharmacokinetics of drug metabolism. The final chapter of the book provides an overview of the areas of PON1 research and suggests future directions for research on PON1 as well as the related, linked genes PON2 and PON3.

Download or read book Atherosclerosis written by Hong Wang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-10 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive and in-depth in its coverage, Atherosclerosis: Cellular, Molecular & Biochemical Mechanism and Novel Therapy reviews the recent progress in atherosclerosis research and offers cutting edge perspectives from experts in the field. Written by an international team of authors including leading physician-scientists, research experts and physicians, chapters are divided into four major sections, covering risk factors, cellular and molecular mechanisms, biochemical mechanisms and novel and future therapeutics. Atherosclerosis: Cellular, Molecular & Biochemical Mechanism and Novel Therapy analyses recent progress from both conceptual and technological perspectives, suggesting new directions for atherosclerosis research and treatment for a growing population of researchers and clinicians in cardiovascular and related fields.

Download or read book Paraoxonases in Inflammation Infection and Toxicology written by Srinivasa T. Reddy and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2010-10-21 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Warfare Agents and Treatments written by Ola Nosseir and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2021-02-24 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For centuries, nations, armies and civilians have used toxic chemicals for nefarious purposes. Although forbidden from use during warfare, chemical weapons have an unfortunately long history of use as chemical agents of destruction. Accidental or intentional exposure of civilians to toxic chemicals frequently occurs. Chemical Warfare Agents & Treatments provides an overview of different classes of chemical warfare agents, starting from the extremely toxic organophosphorus nerve agents, followed by blister agents, blood agents, pulmonary agents, and incapacitating agents, and finally ending with the least toxic class, riot control agents. The e-book covers the physiological effects caused by these agents, the underlying mechanisms of action, and the available medical treatments (as of the writing of this work).

Download or read book High Density Lipoproteins written by Arnold von Eckardstein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology on “High Density Lipoproteins – from biological understanding to clinical exploitation” contributing authors (members of COST Action BM0904/HDLnet) summarize in more than 20 chapters our current knowledge on the structure, function, metabolism and regulation of HDL in health and several diseases as well as the status of past and ongoing attempts of therapeutic exploitation. The book is of interest to researchers in academia and industry focusing on lipoprotein metabolism, cardiovascular diseases and immunology as well as clinical pharmacologists, cardiologists, diabetologists, nephrologists and other clinicians interested in metabolic or inflammatory diseases.

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for DDT DDD DDE Update written by Obaid Faroon and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-08 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DDT is a pesticide that was once widely used to control insects. Both DDD and DDE are breakdown products of DDT. This profile includes: (1) The examination, summary, and interpretation of available toxicologic info. and epidemiologic evaluations on DDT/DDD/DDE to ascertain the levels of significant human exposure for the substance and the associated chronic health effects; (2) A determination of whether adequate info. on the health effects of DDT/DDD/DDE is available to determine levels of exposure that present a significant risk to human health of chronic health effects; and (3) Identification of toxicologic testing needed to identify the types or levels of exposure that may present significant risk of adverse health effects in humans. Illus.

Download or read book Retinal Degenerative Diseases written by Robert E. Anderson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-19 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the proceedings of the XIIIth International Symposium on Retinal Degenerations, which will be held in Emeishan, Sichuan, China on September 18 - 23, 2008. The themes will include "Molecular and genetic mechanisms in photoreceptor degeneration", "Age-related macular degeneration", "New diagnostic techniques for retinal degenerations". "Neuroprotection in the prevention of retinal degeneration", "Gene therapy and the correction of gene defects", as well as other emerging topics that may develop over the next few months.

Download or read book Forkhead Transcription Factors written by Kenneth Maiese and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-29 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forkhead Transcription Factors: Vital Elements in Biology and Medicine provides a unique platform for the presentation of novel work and new insights into the vital role that forkhead transcription factors play in multiple systems throughout the body. Leading international authorities provide their knowledge and insights to offer a novel perspective for translational medicine that highlights the role of forkhead genes and proteins that may have the greatest impact for the development of new strategies for a broad array of disorders. Equally important, Forkhead Transcription Factors: Vital Elements in Biology and Medicine clearly sets a precedent for the necessity to understand the diverse and complex nature of forkhead proteins since this family of transcription factors can limit as well as foster disease progression depending upon the cellular environment. The presentation and discussion of innovative studies and especially those that examine previously unexplored pathways that may influence clinical survival and longevity offer an exciting approach to address the potential of forkhead transcription factors for new therapeutic avenues in multiple disciplines.

Download or read book Advances in Clinical Chemistry written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-05-29 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Clinical Chemistry, Volume 121, the latest installment in this internationally acclaimed series, contains chapters authored by world-renowned clinical laboratory scientists, physicians, and research scientists. - Provides the most up-to-date technologies in clinical chemistry and clinical laboratory science - Authored by world renowned clinical laboratory scientists, physicians, and research scientists - Presents the international benchmark for novel analytical approaches in the clinical laboratory

Download or read book Pathogen Derived Immunomodulatory Molecules written by Padraic G. Fallon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathogen-Derived Immunomodulatory Molecules is a book title that may require some explanation. Pathogens that are present today have evolved following a long association with man and have developed unique strategies that have been optimized by natural selection to subvert the host immunity. As we approach the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin’s birth, it is appropriate to appreciate that Darwin recognized that pathogens (infections) play a significant and potent role in natural selection, encompassed by the concept “infection begets natural selection”. This book therefore examines the molecules that pathogens produce, which can modulate or usurp the functions of the immune system. The idea of using molecules from pathogens as a therapeutic is an ancient concept in medicine. Such a strategy is exemplified by vaccination, with pathogen molecules employed to induce protective immunity against the given or related species of pathogen. The following chapters explore the concept of using pathogen-derived immune modulating molecules as a therapy. In doing so, they may provide the drug cabinet of the future for treating a spectrum of unrelated disease. Herein, a range of immune modulating molecules or strategies from various pathogens is examined in one volume. The intention of the book was to have chapters addressing immunomodulating molecules from different pathogens. The range of pathogens considered includes bacteria (chapters by Williams, van Strijp and Rooijakkers), viruses (chapters by Bowie, McFadden), protozoan parasites (Aliberti), helminths (Harnett, Fallon), fungi (Sorrell) and parasitic ticks (Anguita). Chapters also address specific immunomodulatory molecules or strategies. The diversity of aspects addressed in the book is highlighted by Lucas and colleagues review of the ‘saga’ of viral serine proteinase inhibitors, with a focus on Serp-1, the first new generation of pathogen immunomodulatory molecule currently in clinical trials. While Elliott and Weinstock have contributed a provocative chapter exploring the use of live parasitic helminth infections as a therapeutic strategy for immune-mediated diseases; indeed trials have already been completed for such an approach. With respect to pathogens usurping an immune pathway, Alcami and colleagues here reviewed the growing number of pathogens that have evolved a range of molecules that can modify many aspects of the chemokine system. This book is timely due to the need to expand the horizons of conventional drug discovery. A trend in the biopharmaceutical pipeline of fewer drugs to market is illustrated by USA FDA in 2007 approving the lowest number of new molecular entities since 1983. As the drug discovery and development industry broadens its search for new drugs to less traditional strategies, this book will be a reference to the potential for exploiting pathogen as a source of the anti-inflammatory drugs of the future. Finally, this book whets the appetite for the reader, whether in academia or industry, to explore opportunities for exploiting pathogens for the discovery of new processes in immunobiology and, ultimately, for development of new therapies for human inflammatory diseases.

Download or read book Lipid A in Cancer Therapy written by Jean-Francois Jeannin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer remains a major challenge for modern society. Not only does cancer rank among the first three causes of mortality in most population groups but also the therapeutic options available for most tumor types are limited. The existing ones have limited efficacy, lack specificity and their administration carry major side effects. Hence the urgent need for novel cancer therapies. One of the most promising avenues in research is the use of specific immunotherapy. The notion that the immune system may have important anti-tumor effects has been around for more than a century now. Every major progress in microbiology and immunology has been immediately followed by attempts to apply the new knowledge to the treatment of cancer. Progress has reached a point where it is well established that most cancer patients mount specific T cell responses against their tumors. The molecular identity of the antigens recognized by anti-tumor T cells has been elucidated and several hundreds of tumor-derived antigenic peptides have been discovered. Upon recognition of such peptides presented by self MHC molecules, both CD8 and CD4 T cells are activated, expand to high numbers and differentiate into effective anti-tumor agents. CD8 T cells directly destroy tumor cells and can cause even large tumors to completely regress in experimental mouse models. These observations have spurred intense research activity aimed at designing and testing cancer vaccines. Over 100 years ago Coley successfully used intratumoral injection of killed bacteria to treat sarcomas. The important anti-tumor effects observed in a fraction of these patients fueled major research efforts. These led to major discoveries in the 80s and the 90s. It turns out that bacterial lipopolysaccharides stimulate the production of massive amounts of a cytokine still known today as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a). They do so by engagement of a rather complex set of interactions culminating in the ligation of a Toll-like receptor, TLR -4. Ensuing signaling through this receptor initiates potent innate immune responses. Unfortunately the clinical use of both TNF-a and LPS can not be generalized due to their very narrow therapeutic margin. Importantly, synthetic Lipid A analogs have been identified that retain useful bioactivity and yet possess only mild toxicity. The relatively large body of information accumulated thus far on the molecular and cellular interactions set in motion by administration of LPS as well as by the synthetic lipid A analogs allow to place this family of bacterially-derived molecules at the crossroads between innate and adaptive immunity. By virtue of this key position, the therapeutic applications being pursued aim at using these compounds either as direct anti-tumor agents or as vaccine adjuvants. The clinical experience acquired so far on these two avenues is asymmetric. Few clinical trials using Lipid A analogs as single anti-cancer agents involving less than 100 patients with advanced cancer have been reported. In contrast, lipid A has been tested in over 300,000 individuals in various vaccines trials, including therapeutic cancer vaccines. Clearly most of the work needed to develop lipid A as effective anti-cancer agents and/or as vaccine adjuvant lies ahead in the near future. This book is a timely contribution and provides a much needed up-to-date overview of the chemical, biological and physiological aspects of lipid A. It should be a beacon to all those involved in this field of research.

Download or read book SuperMEN1 written by Katalin Balogh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-29 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast expansion in research on tumorigenesis has greatly increased our understanding of tumor development in patients with inherited endocrine tumor syndromes. This book provides an up-to-date summaryfrom clinical basics and latest follow-up guidelines to the most recent molecular findings in multiple endocrine neoplasia Type I syndrome. Articles have been assembled by acknowledged experts in their respective fields to provide current perspectives on the clinical and genetic backgroundsofthis syndrome and to review carefully the latest discoveries concerning the possible functions and interactions ofmenin, the protein encoded by the MEN1gene,including itspossible role incell cycle regulation,hematopoiesis,and bone development. The goal ofthe book is also to present the most recent findings and the broadest aspects of the role of menin in tumorigenesis of the endocrine glands involved in MEN I syndrome (pituitary, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas and adrenal). The connection between the basic experimental and clinical points of view are highlighted through a discussion on animal models, which explores the field in both an inspiring and questioning manner with a focus on areas that remain to be clarified. Our goal was to bring together clinicians and basic researchers who represent a wide range of interests in this particular field of endocrine oncology. Presentingacomprehensive and current overviewofbasic experimental and clinical findings, this book can bring us closer to understanding endocrine tumorigenesis in multiple endocrine neoplasia Type I. Katalin Balogh, MD, PhD Attita Patocs, MD, MSc, PhD v ABOUT THEEDITORS. . .