Download or read book Circuits Pathways written by and published by Kendall Hunt. This book was released on 2003 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: sharing what they already know and what they would like to know about electricity. They are given an opportunity to use batteries, wire, bulbs, and motors to explore the concept of a complete circuit. Each Teacher Guide includes: Specific teaching and management strategies Detailed teaching sequences for teaching the first three phases of the Learning Experience (Getting Started; Exploring and Discovering; and Processing For Meaning) Reproducible masters for Student Science Notebook pages, Group Recording Sheets, and Home-School Worksheets Extension activities in science, language arts and social studies Assessment materials (an introductory questionnaire, embedded assessments, and a final questionnaire consisting of performance and written components) Science Background (provides general science concepts as they are introduced and developed in the module) to help prepare teacher Teacher and Student Resources section (annotated lists of children's books, teacher reference books, and technological aids)
Download or read book Parallel Pathways written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics First written by George Bethell and published by Open University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the physical processes and information needed for Key Stage 3 of the National Curriculum and shows the effect of physics on everyday lives. This title includes coverage of Key Stage 3 Programmes of Study and Common Entrance requirements; foundation for GCSE with material up to Level 8; and questions and activities.
Download or read book Investigative Pathways written by Frederic Lawrence Holmes and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2004-02-09 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating book is an investigation of scientific creativity. Following the research pathways of outstanding scientists over the past three centuries, it finds common features in their careers and their landmark discoveries and sheds light on the nature of long-term experimental research. Frederic Lawrence Holmes begins by discussing various approaches to the historical study of scientific practice. He then explains three kinds of analysis of the individual scientific life: broad-scale, which examines the phases of a scientist’s career—apprenticeship, mastery, distinction, and maturity—over a lifetime; middle-scale, which explores the episodes within such a career; and fine-scale, which scrutinizes laboratory notebooks and other data to focus on the daily interplay between thought and operation. Using these analyses, Holmes presents rich examples from his studies of six preeminent scientists: Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, Claude Bernard, Hans Krebs, Matthew Meselson, Franklin Stahl, and Seymour Benzer. The similar themes that he finds in their work and careers lead him to valuable insights into enduring issues and problems in understanding the scientific process.
Download or read book Fiber Pathways of the Brain written by Jeremy D. Schmahmann and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2009-02-11 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The text is enriched throughout by close attention to functional aspects of the anatomical observations."--Jacket.
Download or read book Parallel Pathways in Retina Send Information Efficiently written by Kristin Koch and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual information is sent from eye to brain by ∼15 types of ganglion cell. Because the retina is constrained for energy, we hypothesized that this 'parallel pathways' design is energy-efficient. To test this, we estimated for several types of ganglion cell: (i) information efficiency (ratio of information rate to coding capacity); (ii) 'natural information rate' (bit rate to natural movies); (iii) metabolic cost per unit information. We recorded spikes (in vitro guinea pig) while presenting white noise or natural movies. By calculating, for the observed spike rate, the number of possible spike patterns, we calculated coding capacity, and by counting the number of actual spike patterns, we estimated information rate. For every cell type, information rate was ∼one-third of coding capacity; all types were equally efficient. Due to higher coding capacity, the 'natural information rate' of brisk cells was twice that of sluggish (13 vs. 6 bits s-1). To estimate bit cost, we first calculated information per spike. Sluggish spikes conveyed ∼20% more information than brisk spikes (2.2 vs. 1.8 bits). Next, we estimated spike cost by measuring charge carried by an excitatory quantum, the number of quanta that trigger a spike, and charge moved during the spike voltage change. We converted charge to ATP used by the Na +/K+ATPase. The dominant cost was the spike voltage change (quanta contributed only ∼10%). A brisk-transient spike moved the most charge and therefore must use the most ATP. Spike cost divided by information per spike gave bit cost. Bit cost and bit rate were linearly related; a brisk-transient bit costs twice that of sluggish (∼5x107 vs. 3x107 ATP molecules). Finally, knowing densities of each cell type, we estimated the amount of information sent from eye to brain and the corresponding metabolic cost (at ganglion cell level). The guinea pig eye sends ∼875,000 bits s-1 at a cost of ∼3x10 13 ATP molecules. Sluggish cells, being the most numerous, account for the majority of information (64%). To send information exclusively via high-rate brisk-transient cells would cost nearly twice as much. Parallel pathways increase efficiency by enabling the trade-off between bit rate and bit cost.
Download or read book The Rest Principle written by John David Sinclair and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1982. The human brain is the most complex object on Earth that can be studied scientifically: a collection of over 100 billion neurons squeezed into a space about the size of a grapefruit, which somehow is able to control all that you feel, do, and know. There still is little understanding of the most important and interesting functions of the brain, such as what really happens up there when you learn something, when you are thinking, or when you are feeling happy. In this book the author attempts to organize nearly the entire field of psychology within a single new theory, based upon only one very simple assumption about neuronal functioning.
Download or read book The Anatomy of Manual Dexterity written by Ian Darian-Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. 1 Purpose and Plan of This Review This review is focused on the topography and connections of some of the neuron populations that determine the manual dexterity of the macaque monkey. The populations selected for examination are the following: 1. The corticospinal neuron populations 2. The thalamocortical and corticothalamic neuron populations associated with the sensorimotor cortex 3. The ipsilateral cortical connections of the sensorimotor cortex These neuron populations have been chosen because of their obvious rel evance to the directed, intelligent use of the hands, but also because of their anatomical and functional interdependence. Corticospinal neuron populations transmit a complex, orchestrated output from a number of different regions of cerebral cortex to the neuron populations in every segment of the spinal cord, and this output includes the command information defining the intended manual action. The thalamocortical complex is especially concerned with the transmis sion and modulation or filtering of (a) visual, tactile, proprioceptive, vestibular, and auditory information to the cerebral cortex and (b) information from the cerebellum, basal ganglia, limbic system, and brain stem which is relevant to sensorimotor behavior. Finally, the extensive ipsilateral cortical connections constitute a major part of the supraspinal circuitry which coordinates the contri butions of all the cortical neuron popUlations contributing to intelligent sen sorimotor behavior and, in particular, transmits the cross talk between those cortical neuron populations which shape and control the dextrous handling of objects within reach.
Download or read book Visual Perception written by Vicki Bruce and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-08-27 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensively updated and expanded revision of the successful second edition continues to provide detailed coverage of the ever-growing range of research topics in vision. In Part I, the treatment of visual physiology has been extensively revised with an updated account of retinal processing, a new section explaining the principles of spatial and temporal filtering which underlie discussions in later chapters, and an up-to-date account of the primate visual pathway. Part II contains four largely new chapters which cover recent psychophysical evidence and computational model of early vision: edge detection, perceptual grouping, depth perception, and motion perception. The models discussed are extensively integrated with physiological evidence. All other chapters in Parts II, III, and IV have also been thoroughly updated.
Download or read book Signaling Pathways for Translation written by Robert E. Rhoads and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles in the present volume are by major contributors to our under standing of signaling pathways affecting protein synthesis. They focus pri marily on two extracellular anabolic signals, although others are included as well. Insulin is one of the best-studied extracellular regulators of protein syn thesis. Several of the known pathways for regulation of protein synthesis were elucidated using insulin-dependent systems. Regulation of protein synthesis by amino acids, by contrast, is an emerging field that has recently received a great deal of attention. The dual role of amino acids as substrates for protein syn thesis and regulators of the overall process has only recently been recognized. Since amino acids serve as precursors for proteins, one might expect that with holding an essential amino acid would inhibit the elongation phase. Surpris ingly, research has shown that it is the initiation phase of protein synthesis that is restricted during amino acid starvation. Understanding the mechanisms by which the biosynthesis of proteins is reg ulated is important for several reasons. Protein synthesis consumes a major portion of the cellular ATP that is generated. Therefore, small changes in protein synthesis can have great consequences for cellular energy metabolism. Translation is also a major site for control of gene expression, since messenger RNAs differ widely in translational efficiency, and changes to the protein syn thesis machinery can differentially affect recruitment of individual mRNAs.
Download or read book Plant Roots From Cells to Systems written by H.M. Anderson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 14th Long Ashton International Symposium: Plant Roots - From Cells to Systems held in Bristol, UK, 13-15 September 1995
Download or read book Research Frontiers in Aging and Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research in Computational Molecular Biology written by Benny Chor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-04-13 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology, RECOMB 2012, held in Barcelona, Spain, in April 2012. The 31 revised full papers presented together with 5 keynote lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from 200 submissions. The papers feature current research in all areas of computational molecular biology, including: molecular sequence analysis; recognition of genes and regulatory elements; molecular evolution; protein structure; structural genomics; analysis of gene expression; biological networks; sequencing and genotyping technologies; drug design; probabilistic and combinatorial algorithms; systems biology; computational proteomics; structural and functional genomics; information systems for computational biology and imaging.
Download or read book Biological Antenna to the Humanoid Bot written by Pushpendra Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-01 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book outlines a pathway to the development of fusion of electromagnetic resonance and artificial intelligence which will dominate the world of communication engineering. Electromagnetic resonance is fundamental to all biomaterials. The authors explore the peculiarities of this typical resonance behaviour in the literatures and provide the key points where the research should direct. Biological antennas are inspiring designing of several electromagnetic devices. From biomimetic engineering to humanoid bots a revolution is undergoing. Authors include entire development in the form of a book along with their contribution to this field.
Download or read book From Conditioning to Conscious Recollection written by Howard Eichenbaum and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-11-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This cutting-edge book offers a theoretical account of the evolution of multiple memory systems of the brain. The authors conceptualize these memory systems from both behavioral and neurobiological perspectives, guided by three related principles. First, that our understanding of a wide range of memory phenomena can be advanced by breaking down memory into multiple forms with different operating characteristics. Second, that different forms of memory representation are supported by distinct brain pathways with circuitry and neural coding properties. Third, that the contributions of different brain systems can be compared and contrasted by distinguishing between dedicated (or specific) and elaborate (or general) memory systems. A primary goal of this work is to relate the neurobiological properties of dedicated and elaborate systems to their neuropsychological counterparts, and in so doing, account for the phenomenology of memory, from conditioning to conscious recollection.
Download or read book Lesion Induced Neuronal Plasticity in Sensorimotor Systems written by H. Flohr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensorimotor systems are not rigidly wired predetermined networks but rather highly plastic structures that learn and modify their entire performance in response to changes in external or internal conditions. Lesions or distortions of the system's input, which initially cause a functional disorganization, induce an active reorganization which often leads to a recovery of function. Examples of lesion-induced neural plasticity have been known for some hundred years; however, an awareness of their value as research tools is relatively new. This current interest is a consequence of rapid ly changing ideas concerning the nature of CNS organization. Out of these, concepts are emerging which describe neural nets as modifiable, highly dynamic, self-organizing structures. This trend is clearly reflected in this volume, which contains the proceedings of a symposium held in Bremen in July 1980 as a satellite meeting of the XXVIIIth International Congress of Physiological Sciences. The first part of this conference was devoted to some gen eral aspects of plasticity, discussing the current theories of functional recovery as well as morphological, neurochemical, physiological, molecular, and ontogenetic aspects. The second part dealt with lesion induced plasticity in specific sensorimotor systems of the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral cortex.
Download or read book Light Vision Color written by Arne Valberg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-03 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light Vision Color takes a well-balanced, interdisciplinary approach to our most important sensory system. The book successfully combines basics in vision sciences with recent developments from different areas such as neuroscience, biophysics, sensory psychology and philosophy. Originally published in 1998 this edition has been extensively revised and updated to include new chapters on clinical problems and eye diseases, low vision rehabilitation and the basic molecular biology and genetics of colour vision. Takes a broad interdisciplinary approach combining basics in vision sciences with the most recent developments in the area Includes an extensive list of technical terms and explanations to encourage student understanding Successfully brings together the most important areas of the subject in to one volume
