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Book Pandemic Unveiled The Global Impact of COVID 19

Download or read book Pandemic Unveiled The Global Impact of COVID 19 written by Elio Endless and published by Elio Endless Publishers. This book was released on 2023-10-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pandemic Unveiled: The Global Impact of COVID-19 Are you ready to embark on a gripping journey through the tumultuous history of the COVID-19 pandemic, a turning point that reshaped the course of human history? "Pandemic Unveiled" is an insightful chronicle that unveils the complexities of this global health crisis, from its origins to the relentless efforts of nations and organizations to mitigate its impact through widespread vaccination programs. About the Book In "Pandemic Unveiled," we delve deep into the history of COVID-19, a novel human coronavirus illness that emerged in 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China, and rapidly evolved into a global crisis. This book explores the virus's origins, transmission dynamics, and the monumental challenges it posed to humanity, including the loss of millions of lives, economic disruptions, and strain on healthcare systems. Unveil the Global Impact "Pandemic Unveiled" offers an immersive exploration of the COVID-19 pandemic, providing a comprehensive understanding of its origins, impact, and the remarkable human response. This book unravels the intricate web of challenges and triumphs that defined this historic crisis, leaving an indelible mark on our world. Embark on an enlightening journey within the pages of "Pandemic Unveiled," where you will gain insights into the scientific, social, and ethical dimensions of a pandemic that reshaped our perceptions of public health and emergency readiness.

Book  Unveiling Pain  The Global Impact of COVID 19

Download or read book Unveiling Pain The Global Impact of COVID 19 written by Swatantra Bahadur and published by Bookwisehub. This book was released on with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the pages of "Unveiling Pain: The Global Impact of COVID-19," readers embark on a poignant and enlightening journey through the multifaceted landscape of the pandemic that swept across the globe. This meticulously crafted narrative unfolds as a chronicle of suffering, resilience, and the collective human experience in the face of an unprecedented global crisis. Overview The book opens with a vivid overview of the COVID-19 pandemic, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of its origins, rapid spread, and the profound challenges it posed to individuals, communities, and nations worldwide. From the gripping narratives of frontline workers to the stories of those affected, the narrative paints a vivid and empathetic picture of the global struggle against an invisible adversary. Importance of Understanding Global Impact It explores the importance of comprehending the global impact of the pandemic, delving into its interconnectedness and the shared vulnerabilities that transcended borders. The narrative illuminates how the pain inflicted by the virus reverberated across continents, underscoring the need for a collective response and a united understanding of the challenges faced by humanity. Purpose of the Book: A Multifaceted Exploration At its core, "Unveiling Pain" serves a dual purpose — to shed light on the profound suffering endured by individuals and communities and to unravel the lessons embedded in the pain. The book acts as a tapestry, weaving together stories of loss, resilience, and the unwavering spirit that emerged in the wake of the pandemic. Themes Explored The book meticulously explores various themes, from the high mortality rates and personal anecdotes of loss to the long-term health effects that linger in the aftermath of the virus. It navigates through the economic fallout, educational disruptions, mental health struggles, and the strains on healthcare systems, providing a comprehensive panorama of the global impact. A Call to Action Amidst the narratives of pain, "Unveiling Pain" extends a resounding call to action. It invites readers to understand not only the challenges faced but also the opportunities for growth, resilience, and positive change. The book explores how communities and nations can unite, learn from adversity, and collectively shape a future that is adaptive, inclusive, and fortified against unforeseen challenges. Optimism for the Post-Pandemic Era As the narrative unfolds, a sense of optimism for the post-pandemic era emerges. It envisions a world that, having weathered the storm, stands on the cusp of renewal and positive transformation. The book explores the potential for global solidarity, scientific advancements, and collaborative efforts to build a future characterized by healing, resilience, and hope. "Unveiling Pain: The Global Impact of COVID-19" is not merely a historical account; it is a testament to the strength of the human spirit, the importance of shared understanding, and the capacity for positive change in the face of immense challenges. As readers turn the pages, they are invited to witness the unveiling of a global narrative — one that, despite the pain, resonates with the enduring spirit of humanity.

Book  Unveiling Pain

Download or read book Unveiling Pain written by Swatantra Bahadur and published by . This book was released on 2024-01-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the pages of "Unveiling Pain: The Global Impact of COVID-19," readers embark on a poignant and enlightening journey through the multifaceted landscape of the pandemic that swept across the globe. This meticulously crafted narrative unfolds as a chronicle of suffering, resilience, and the collective human experience in the face of an unprecedented global crisis. Overview The book opens with a vivid overview of the COVID-19 pandemic, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of its origins, rapid spread, and the profound challenges it posed to individuals, communities, and nations worldwide. From the gripping narratives of frontline workers to the stories of those affected, the narrative paints a vivid and empathetic picture of the global struggle against an invisible adversary. Importance of Understanding Global Impact It explores the importance of comprehending the global impact of the pandemic, delving into its interconnectedness and the shared vulnerabilities that transcended borders. The narrative illuminates how the pain inflicted by the virus reverberated across continents, underscoring the need for a collective response and a united understanding of the challenges faced by humanity. Purpose of the Book: A Multifaceted Exploration At its core, "Unveiling Pain" serves a dual purpose - to shed light on the profound suffering endured by individuals and communities and to unravel the lessons embedded in the pain. The book acts as a tapestry, weaving together stories of loss, resilience, and the unwavering spirit that emerged in the wake of the pandemic. Themes Explored The book meticulously explores various themes, from the high mortality rates and personal anecdotes of loss to the long-term health effects that linger in the aftermath of the virus. It navigates through the economic fallout, educational disruptions, mental health struggles, and the strains on healthcare systems, providing a comprehensive panorama of the global impact. A Call to Action Amidst the narratives of pain, "Unveiling Pain" extends a resounding call to action. It invites readers to understand not only the challenges faced but also the opportunities for growth, resilience, and positive change. The book explores how communities and nations can unite, learn from adversity, and collectively shape a future that is adaptive, inclusive, and fortified against unforeseen challenges. Optimism for the Post-Pandemic Era As the narrative unfolds, a sense of optimism for the post-pandemic era emerges. It envisions a world that, having weathered the storm, stands on the cusp of renewal and positive transformation. The book explores the potential for global solidarity, scientific advancements, and collaborative efforts to build a future characterized by healing, resilience, and hope. "Unveiling Pain: The Global Impact of COVID-19" is not merely a historical account; it is a testament to the strength of the human spirit, the importance of shared understanding, and the capacity for positive change in the face of immense challenges. As readers turn the pages, they are invited to witness the unveiling of a global narrative - one that, despite the pain, resonates with the enduring spirit of humanity.

Book The Covid 19 Pandemic

    Book Details:
  • Author : Mary I Vera
  • Publisher : Independently Published
  • Release : 2023-06-24
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book The Covid 19 Pandemic written by Mary I Vera and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2023-06-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global crisis with far-reaching consequences. It originated from a novel coronavirus and rapidly spread across the globe, challenging healthcare systems and societies alike. Prevention measures such as personal hygiene, social distancing, and vaccination campaigns have played crucial roles in curbing transmission. However, the virus has caused substantial loss of life and has had a devastating impact on economies, leading to a deep economic downturn.

Book The Hidden Consequences

Download or read book The Hidden Consequences written by Sophia Stravinsky and published by . This book was released on 2023-11-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Covid-19 pandemic has undoubtedly had a profound impact on our world, affecting every aspect of our lives. From the way we work, travel, and interact with one another, to the global economy and our mental and physical well-being, the consequences of this pandemic have been far-reaching and unprecedented. In order to truly understand the social impact of Covid-19, it is important to delve into the background of this global crisis. The Covid-19 pandemic originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, when a cluster of cases of a mysterious respiratory illness was reported. It was soon identified as a novel coronavirus, later named SARS-CoV-2. The virus quickly spread across borders, leading to the declaration of a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Governments around the world responded to the rapid spread of the virus by imposing strict lockdown measures, including social distancing, mask mandates, and travel restrictions. These measures were implemented to slow down the transmission of the virus and prevent healthcare systems from becoming overwhelmed. However, the social consequences of these lockdowns have been profound. One of the most noticeable impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic has been the disruption to daily life. Schools closed, businesses shut down, and millions of people were forced to isolate themselves at home. This sudden change in routine has resulted in increased levels of stress, anxiety, and loneliness. Many individuals have also faced financial hardships, with job losses and economic uncertainty becoming widespread. Furthermore, the pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing inequalities within society. Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, low-income individuals, and minority groups, have been disproportionately affected by the virus and its social consequences. Access to healthcare, education, and social support has become even more unequal, deepening societal divisions. The social impact of Covid-19 extends beyond individuals and communities. The pandemic has also highlighted the interconnectedness and fragility of our global systems. Supply chains were disrupted, leading to shortages of essential goods and services. International travel came to a standstill, impacting tourism and the global economy. The pandemic has also revealed the environmental consequences of our previous way of life, with reduced human activity resulting in cleaner air and water, and wildlife reclaiming urban spaces.

Book Global Security in Times of Covid 19

Download or read book Global Security in Times of Covid 19 written by Caroline Varin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in the middle of a pandemic, this book examines the effect of COVID-19 on regional and global security threats in the first 18 months of the crisis. Throughout history, epidemics have disrupted human civilisations, changed the structure of societies, decided the outcome of wars and prompted incredible technological innovation. Despite massive progress in science, institution-building and cooperation over the past 100 years, COVID-19 has revealed the weaknesses of a world under-prepared for a new disease – that had been widely expected and long overdue! This edited volume brings together leading security experts from Africa, Asia, Europe, the Americas and the Middle East to share their analysis of the COVID-19 outbreak and its impact on major security threats, including the rise of terrorists and criminal networks and global power politics. The book highlights important lessons learnt from all corners of the planet, in particular the need for cross-sectional, regional and international cooperation and solidarity when it comes to facing any transnational security threat that does not respect political boundaries.

Book Promoting the Educational Success of Children and Youth Learning English

Download or read book Promoting the Educational Success of Children and Youth Learning English written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-08-25 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Educating dual language learners (DLLs) and English learners (ELs) effectively is a national challenge with consequences both for individuals and for American society. Despite their linguistic, cognitive, and social potential, many ELsâ€"who account for more than 9 percent of enrollment in grades K-12 in U.S. schoolsâ€"are struggling to meet the requirements for academic success, and their prospects for success in postsecondary education and in the workforce are jeopardized as a result. Promoting the Educational Success of Children and Youth Learning English: Promising Futures examines how evidence based on research relevant to the development of DLLs/ELs from birth to age 21 can inform education and health policies and related practices that can result in better educational outcomes. This report makes recommendations for policy, practice, and research and data collection focused on addressing the challenges in caring for and educating DLLs/ELs from birth to grade 12.

Book Economic and fiscal outlook

Download or read book Economic and fiscal outlook written by Office for Budget Responsibility and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2010-11-29 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Office for Budget Responsibility was established to provide independent and authoritative analysis of the UK's public finances. Part of this role includes producing the official economic and fiscal forecasts. This report sets out forecasts for the period to 2015-16. The report also assesses whether the Government is on course to meet the medium-term fiscal objectives and presents preliminary observations on the long-run sustainability of the public finances. Since the June forecast, the UK economy has recovered more strongly than initially expected. The GDP growth was greater than expected in both the 2nd and 3rd quarters, but that unemployment levels have risen to levels that the June forecast did not anticipate until the middle of 2012. In general the world economy has also grown more strongly. CPI inflation has remained slightly higher than expected in June, whilst public finances have performed as forecast. The interest rates on UK debt are lower than in June. The OBR forecasts that the economy will continue to recover from the recession, but at a slower pace than the recoveries of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The publication is divided into 5 chapters with two annexes.

Book COVID 19 in Southeast Asia

Download or read book COVID 19 in Southeast Asia written by Hyun Bang Shin and published by LSE Press. This book was released on 2022-01-06 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COVID-19 has presented huge challenges to governments, businesses, civil societies, and people from all walks of life, but its impact has been highly variegated, affecting society in multiple negative ways, with uneven geographical and socioeconomic patterns. The crisis revealed existing contradictions and inequalities in society, compelling us to question what it means to return to “normal” and what insights can be gleaned from Southeast Asia for thinking about a post-pandemic world. In this regard, this edited volume collects the informed views of an ensemble of social scientists – area studies, development studies, and legal scholars; anthropologists, architects, economists, geographers, planners, sociologists, and urbanists; representing academic institutions, activist and charitable organisations, policy and research institutes, and areas of professional practice – who recognise the necessity of critical commentary and engaged scholarship. These contributions represent a wide-ranging set of views, collectively producing a compilation of reflections on the following three themes in particular: (1) Urbanisation, digital infrastructures, economies, and the environment; (2) Migrants, (im)mobilities, and borders; and (3) Collective action, communities, and mutual action. Overall, this edited volume first aims to speak from a situated position in relevant debates to challenge knowledge about the pandemic that has assigned selective and inequitable visibility to issues, people, or places, or which through its inferential or interpretive capacity has worked to set social expectations or assign validity to certain interventions with a bearing on the pandemic’s course and the future it has foretold. Second, it aims to advance or renew understandings of social challenges, risks, or inequities that were already in place, and which, without further or better action, are to be features of our “post-pandemic world” as well. This volume also contributes to the ongoing efforts to de-centre and decolonise knowledge production. It endeavours to help secure a place within these debates for a region that was among the first outside of East Asia to be forced to contend with COVID-19 in a substantial way and which has evinced a marked and instructive diversity and dynamism in its fortunes.

Book Investing to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases

Download or read book Investing to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The presence, or absence, of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) can be seen as a proxy for poverty and for the success of interventions aimed at reducing poverty. Today, coverage of the public-health interventions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) against NTDs may be interpreted as a proxy for universal health coverage and shared prosperity - in short, a proxy for coverage against neglect. As the world's focus shifts from development to sustainable development, from poverty eradication to shared prosperity, and from disease-specific goals to universal health coverage, control of NTDs will assume an important role towards the target of achieving universal health coverage, including individual financial risk protection. Success in overcoming NTDs is a "litmus test" for universal health coverage against NTDs in endemic countries. The first WHO report on NTDs (2010) set the scene by presenting the evidence for how these interventions had produced results. The second report (2013) assessed the progress made in deploying them and detailed the obstacles to their implementation. This third report analyses for the first time the investments needed to achieve the scale up of implementation required to achieve the targets of the WHO Roadmap on NTDs and universal coverage against NTDs. INVESTING TO OVERCOME THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES presents an investment strategy for NTDs and analyses the specific investment case for prevention, control, elimination and eradication of 12 of the 17 NTDs. Such an analysis is justified following the adoption by the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly in 2013 of resolution WHA6612 on neglected tropical diseases, which called for sufficient and predictable funding to achieve the Roadmap's targets and sustain control efforts. The report cautions, however, that it is wise investment and not investment alone that will yield success. The report registers progress and challenges and signals those that lie ahead. Climate change is expected to increase the spread of several vector-borne NTDs, notably dengue, transmission of which is directly influenced by temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and climate variability primarily through their effects on the vector. Investments in vector-borne diseases will avoid the potentially catastrophic expenditures associated with their control. The presence of NTDs will thereby signal an early warning system for climate-sensitive diseases. The ultimate goal is to deliver enhanced and equitable interventions to the most marginalized populations in the context of a changing public-health and investment landscape to ensure that all peoples affected by NTDs have an opportunity to lead healthier and wealthier lives."--Publisher's description.

Book Care After Covid  What the Pandemic Revealed Is Broken in Healthcare and How to Reinvent It

Download or read book Care After Covid What the Pandemic Revealed Is Broken in Healthcare and How to Reinvent It written by Shantanu Nundy and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical action plan for reinventing healthcare in a post-pandemic world—from a physician-entrepreneur who works with Fortune 500 companies. If the healthcare system were an emperor, Covid-19 tragically revealed that it had no clothes. Healthcare had to adapt, and quickly―sparking a dramatic acceleration of virtual care, drive-through testing, and home-based services. In the process, old rules were rewritten and, perhaps surprisingly, largely in a good way for patients. To succeed in the post-pandemic world, all of us―patients, caregivers, providers, employers, investors, technologists, and policymakers―need to understand the new healthcare landscape and change our strategies and behaviors accordingly. In Care After Covid, practicing physician and business leader Dr. Shantanu Nundy—Chief Medical Officer of Accolade, which provides technology-enabled health services to Fortune 500 companies as well as small businesses―lays out a comprehensive plan to transform healthcare along three dimensions: Distributed: healthcare will happen where health happens. It will shift from where doctors are to where patients are—at home, in the community, and increasingly on their phones. Digitally enabled: healthcare and the relationships that are central to care will be strengthened by data and technology. It will shift from being siloed to connected, from being episodic to continuous, from one-size-fits-all to more personalized. Decentralized: healthcare decisions and resources will be in the hands of those closest to care. The power to determine who gets care and how they get it will shift away from governments and insurance companies to communities, employers, doctors, and patients. Filled with firsthand insights and stories from the frontlines of healthcare—as well as innovative solutions that were proven effective before and during the pandemic—Care After Covid shows all stakeholders in the healthcare ecosystem exactly what needs to change and, more importantly, how to do it. The time to act is now. We can’t afford not to.

Book Science Based Approaches to Respond to COVID and Other Public Health Threats

Download or read book Science Based Approaches to Respond to COVID and Other Public Health Threats written by Erick Guerrero and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-12-01 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COVID-19 and other public health threats have contributed to more than six million deaths globally in a short amount of time. As such, there is an urgent need to respond to these threats in a way that improves global health and wellbeing. Written by a diverse group of exemplary scientists, the thirteen chapters in this volume provide unique, comprehensive, and science-based approaches to respond to macro-structural, human process, and micro issues affecting public health threats.

Book Global Economic Prospects  June 2020

Download or read book Global Economic Prospects June 2020 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic has, with alarming speed, dealt a heavy blow to an already-weak global economy, which is expected to slide into its deepest recession since the second world war, despite unprecedented policy support. The global recession would be deeper if countries take longer to bring the pandemic under control, if financial stress triggers defaults, or if there are protracted effects on households and firms. Economic disruptions are likely to be more severe and protracted in emerging market and developing economies with larger domestic outbreaks and weaker medical care systems; greater exposure to international spillovers through trade, tourism, and commodity and financial markets; weaker macroeconomic frameworks; and more pervasive informality and poverty. Beyond the current steep economic contraction, the pandemic is likely to leave lasting scars on the global economy by undermining consumer and investor confidence, human capital, and global value chains. Being mostly a reflection of the recent plunge in global energy demand, low oil prices are unlikely to provide much of a boost to global growth in the near term. While policymakers' immediate priorities are to address the health crisis and moderate the short-term economic losses, the likely long-term consequences of the pandemic highlight the need to forcefully undertake comprehensive reform programs to improve the fundamental drivers of economic growth, once the crisis abates. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by these economies, while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces.

Book Biodiversity and Health

Download or read book Biodiversity and Health written by Serge Morand and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-27 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a gap between the ecology of health and the concepts supported by international initiatives such as EcoHealth, One Health or Planetary Health; a gap which this book aims to fill. Global change is accelerated by problems of growing population, industrialization and geopolitics, and the world’s biodiversity is suffering as a result, which impacts both humans and animals. However, Biodiversity and Health offers the unique opportunity to demonstrate how ecological, environmental, medical and social sciences can contribute to the improvement of human health and wellbeing through the conservation of biodiversity and the services it brings to societies. This book gives an expansive and integrated overview of the scientific disciplines that contribute to the connection between health and biodiversity, from the evolutionary ecology of infectious and non-infectious diseases to ethics, law and politics. Presents the first book to give a broad and integrated overview of the scientific disciplines that contribute to health From evolutionary ecology, to laws and policies, this book explores the links between health and biodiversity Demonstrates how ecological sciences, environmental sciences, medical sciences, and social sciences may contribute to improve human health

Book The Global Airline Industry

Download or read book The Global Airline Industry written by Peter Belobaba and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-07-06 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensively revised and updated edition of the bestselling textbook, provides an overview of recent global airline industry evolution and future challenges Examines the perspectives of the many stakeholders in the global airline industry, including airlines, airports, air traffic services, governments, labor unions, in addition to passengers Describes how these different players have contributed to the evolution of competition in the global airline industry, and the implications for its future evolution Includes many facets of the airline industry not covered elsewhere in any single book, for example, safety and security, labor relations and environmental impacts of aviation Highlights recent developments such as changing airline business models, growth of emerging airlines, plans for modernizing air traffic management, and opportunities offered by new information technologies for ticket distribution Provides detailed data on airline performance and economics updated through 2013

Book Recovering Civility during COVID 19

Download or read book Recovering Civility during COVID 19 written by Matteo Bonotti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Open Access book examines many of the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic through the distinctive lens of civility. The idea of civility appears often in both public and academic debates, and a polarized political climate frequently leads to allegations of uncivil speech and behaviour. Norms of civility are always contested, even more so in moments of crisis such as a global pandemic. A focus on civility provides crucial insight and guidance on how to navigate the social and political challenges resulting from COVID-19. Furthermore, it offers a framework through which citizens and policymakers can better understand the causes and consequences of incivility, and devise ways to recover civility in our social and political lives.

Book Communicating COVID 19

Download or read book Communicating COVID 19 written by Monique Lewis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-07 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores communication during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Featuring the work of leading communication scholars from around the world, it offers insights and analyses into how individuals, organisations, communities, and nations have grappled with understanding and responding to the pandemic that has rocked the world. The book examines the role of journalists and news media in constructing meanings about the pandemic, with chapters focusing on public interest journalism, health workers and imagined audiences in COVID-19 news. It considers public health responses in different countries, with chapters examining community-driven approaches, communication strategies of governments and political leaders, public health advocacy, and pandemic inequalities. The role of digital media and technology is also unravelled, including social media sharing of misinformation and memetic humour, crowdsourcing initiatives, the use of data in modelling, tracking and tracing, and strategies for managing uncertainties created in a pandemic.