Download or read book Pairing Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation with Newly Discovered Nitrite supplying Metabolisms for Enhanced Mainstream Nitrogen Removal written by Kathryn Isabel Cogert and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In wastewater treatment, sidestream nitrogen removal with anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) has reduced cost, energy demand, and potentially greenhouse gas (GHG) emission as compared to conventional nitrification-denitrification However, under mainstream conditions, nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) outcompete anammox bacteria for the nitrite produced by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Therefore, nitrite production is the bottleneck in mainstream anammox nitrogen removal. The ultimate goal of this research was to evaluate the potential of three newly discovered nitrite-producing metabolisms for more reliable nitrite supply to anammox: nitrate-dependent denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidizing archaea (n-damo), ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA), and complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria (comammox). Nitrate-dependent denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidizing archaea (n-damo) anaerobically reduce nitrate with methane gas to produce nitrite that could support anammox nitrogen removal. AOB and NOB would produce nitrate aerobically for an anaerobic anammox and a n-damo compartment in which n-damo would convert some nitrate back to nitrite for anammox if supplied methane from anaerobic sludge digestion or a mainstream anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). A techno-economic analysis revealed that AnMBR/AOB/anammox systems reduced cost and GHG emissions the most, while the AnMBR/AOB/anammox/n-damo systems saw very similar reductions to the AnMBR/AOB/anammox system while simultaneously circumventing the risk of nitrate accumulation by NOB, potentially allowing easier aeration control. Two newly discovered organisms of interest that could also supply nitrite to anammox under mainstream conditions are ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria (comammox), that are capable of ammonia and nitrite oxidation. AOA are known to co-operate with anammox in oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) where oxygen and ammonia (here considered as total ammonia plus ammonium) concentrations are low (similar to the mainstream) and counter-diffuse in opposite directions near the OMZ boundary. Low ammonia affinity AOA supply nitrite to anammox while outcompeting canonical NOB and AOB. AOA-anammox nitrogen removal was tested in both co-diffusing granular sludge and OMZ-like hollow fiber membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABR). The AOA species Nitrososphaera viennensis was found only in the OMZ-like MABR environment while Nitrospira and anammox were abundant in both environments. Some of the Nitrospira detected were determined to be of comammox type. Similar to AOA, comammox have a high ammonia affinity but a low affinity for nitrite (their intermediate product) which gives anammox a competitive edge to access it. When comammox and anammox were inoculated into granular sludge and MABR reactors, co-operation between the two species was observed both experimentally and in theoretical models. Comammox abundance and nitrogen removal was higher in the MABR due to the same-counter-diffusing phenomenon that made low-affinity AOA a successful anammox partner in OMZs. It is concluded that low-ammonia concentrations are essential to select for AOA- or comammox-anammox nitrogen removal. In these nitrogen removal systems, online ammonium (NH4+) sensing would be highly advantageous, and thus a set of online electrodes targeting ions of interest were tested for their resiliency in anammox reactors. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based potassium and ammonium electrodes were degraded in these reactors while poly-crystalline chloride probes did not. Potassium electrodes appeared to decay at the same rate in systems including active and inactivated granules while ammonium probes fouled faster in a biologically active system. These results motivate the need to understand the chemical effects of anammox granular sludge on ammonium probes. In summary, novel processes for applying annamox in mainstream wastewater treatment were demonstrated and elucidated with modelling, bioreactor operations, and molecular analysis. The results showed that cooperation between these newly discovered nitrite producing species and anammox in wastewater treatment can lead to reduced energy requirements while meeting effluent limitations and mitigating our impact on the global nitrogen cycle.

Download or read book Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems written by Jacek Makinia and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-02 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems – Second Edition provides, from the process engineering perspective, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview regarding various aspects of the mechanistic (“white box”) modelling and simulation of advanced activated sludge systems performing biological nutrient removal. In the new edition of the book, a special focus is given to nitrogen removal and the latest developments in modelling the innovative nitrogen removal processes. Furthermore, a new section on micropollutant removal has been added. The focus of modelling has been shifting in the last years to models that can describe the performance of a whole plant (plant-wide modelling). The expanded part of this new edition introduces models describing the most important processes interrelated with the mainstream activated sludge systems as well as models describing the energy balance, operating costs and environmental impact. The complex process evaluation, including minimization of energy consumption and carbon footprint, is in line with the present and future wastewater treatment goals. By combining a general introduction and a textbook, this book serves both intermediate and more experienced model users, both researchers and practitioners, as a comprehensive guide to modelling and simulation studies. The book can be used as a supplemental material at graduate and post-graduate levels of wastewater engineering/modelling courses.

Download or read book Process Design Manual for Nitrogen Control written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Technology Transfer and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A B processes Towards Energy Self sufficient Municipal Wastewater Treatment written by Yu Liu and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principle of the conventional activated sludge (CAS) for municipal wastewater treatment is primarily based on biological oxidation by which organic matters are converted to biomass and carbon dioxide. After more than 100 years’ successful application, the CAS process is receiving increasing critiques on its high energy consumption and excessive sludge generation. Currently, almost all municipal wastewater treatment plants with the CAS as a core process are being operated in an energy-negative fashion. To tackle such challenging situations, there is a need to re-examine the present wastewater treatment philosophy by developing and adopting novel process configurations and emerging technologies. The solutions going forward should rely on the ways to improve direct energy recovery from wastewater, while minimizing in-plant energy consumption. This book begins with a critical overview of the energy situation and challenges in current municipal wastewater treatment plants, showing the necessity of the paradigm shift from removal to recovery in terms of energy and resource. As such, the concept of A-B process is discussed in detail in the book. It appears that various A-B process configurations are able to provide possible engineering solutions in which A-stage is primarily designed for COD capture with the aim for direct anaerobic treatment without producing excessive biosludge, while B-stage is designated for nitrogen removal. Making the wastewater treatment energy self-sustainable is obviously of global significance and eventually may become a game changer for the global market of the municipal wastewater reclamation technology. The principal audiences include practitioners, professionals, university researchers, undergraduate and postgraduate students who are interested and specialized in municipal wastewater treatment and process design, environmental engineering, and environmental biotechnology.

Download or read book Stable Isotope Probing and Related Technologies written by J. Colin Murrell and published by American Society for Microbiology Press. This book was released on 2010-12-10 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ideal starting point for investigating, developing, and implementing stable isotope technologies. • Guides researchers through basic, tested, and proven protocols including DNA, RNA, protein, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) SIP, from concept and history through detailed methodology, troubleshooting, and interpretation to optimal and future uses. • Explores important and emerging applications of SIP in environmental microbiology, ranging from bioremediation and gene mining to carbon tracking and gut microflora function. • Examines explorations of further elegant isotope labeling technologies such as Raman-FISH, NanoSIMS, and isotope arrays. • Serves as a valuable resource for environmental microbiology students and researchers and genomics, biotechnology, and medical microbiology professionals.

Download or read book The Combined Sharon Anammox Process written by L. G. J. M. van Dongen and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2001-09-30 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater treatment management, alongside many other industries, is seeking to attain a higher degree of sustainability for its processes by focusing on new technologies which minimise the consumption of resources or even recover them from the wastewater. Conventional removal of ammonium requires usually large amounts of energy for aeration and organic carbon for denitrification. This report focuses on making the nitrogen-removal process more sustainable. This can be achieved by a partial oxidation of ammonium to nitrite, after which the nitrate produced can be converted into nitrogen gas with the rest of ammonium under anoxic conditions. The treatment of nitrogen-rich water can be carried out beneficially by a combination of the Sharon process with the Anammox process. In this combined process less than 50% of the aeration energy is needed, no COD is required and an insignificant amount of sludge is produced. In this Report the potential of using this technology for the treatment of water arising from sludge treatment at a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is evaluated and the results of the operation of the system are described in detail. This reject water contains a significant fraction of the N-load towards the wastewater treatment plant. The results are used in an economic evaluation of a potential full scale installation. The Combined Sharon/Anammox Process Report will provide an invaluable source of information for all those concerned with the efficient and sustainable treatment of wastewater including plant managers, process designers, consultants and researchers.

Download or read book Innovative Wastewater Treatment Resource Recovery Technologies Impacts on Energy Economy and Environment written by Juan M. Lema and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the 3R concept applied to wastewater treatment and resource recovery under a double perspective. Firstly, it deals with innovative technologies leading to: Reducing energy requirements, space and impacts; Reusing water and sludge of sufficient quality; and Recovering resources such as energy, nutrients, metals and chemicals, including biopolymers. Besides targeting effective C,N&P removal, other issues such as organic micropollutants, gases and odours emissions are considered. Most of the technologies analysed have been tested at pilot- or at full-scale. Tools and methods for their Economic, Environmental, Legal and Social impact assessment are described. The 3R concept is also applied to Innovative Processes design, considering different levels of innovation: Retrofitting, where novel units are included in more conventional processes; Re-Thinking, which implies a substantial flowsheet modification; and Re-Imagining, with completely new conceptions. Tools are presented for Modelling, Optimising and Selecting the most suitable plant layout for each particular scenario from a holistic technical, economic and environmental point of view.

Download or read book Biological Treatment of Industrial Wastewater written by Maulin P. Shah and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological Treatment of Industrial Wastewater presents a comprehensive overview of the latest advances and trends in the use of bioreactors for treating industrial wastewater.

Download or read book Biological Wastewater Treatment written by Mogens Henze and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 1881 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For information on the online course in Biological Wastewater Treatment from UNESCO-IHE, visit: http://www.iwapublishing.co.uk/books/biological-wastewater-treatment-online-course-principles-modeling-and-design Over the past twenty years, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment have advanced extensively and moved away from empirically-based approaches to a first principles approach embracing chemistry, microbiology, physical and bioprocess engineering, and mathematics. Many of these advances have matured to the degree that they have been codified into mathematical models for simulation with computers. For a new generation of young scientists and engineers entering the wastewater treatment profession, the quantity, complexity and diversity of these new developments can be overwhelming, particularly in developing countries where access is not readily available to advanced level tertiary education courses in wastewater treatment. Biological Wastewater Treatment addresses this deficiency. It assembles and integrates the postgraduate course material of a dozen or so professors from research groups around the world that have made significant contributions to the advances in wastewater treatment. The book forms part of an internet-based curriculum in biological wastewater treatment which also includes: Summarized lecture handouts of the topics covered in book Filmed lectures by the author professors Tutorial exercises for students self-learning Upon completion of this curriculum the modern approach of modelling and simulation to wastewater treatment plant design and operation, be it activated sludge, biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, secondary settling tanks or biofilm systems, can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence.

Download or read book Phosphorus Polluter and Resource of the Future written by Christian Schaum and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book provides an up-to-date and international approach that addresses the Motivations, Technologies and Assessment of the Elimination and Recovery of Phosphorus from Wastewater. This book is part of the Integrated Environmental Technology Series.

Download or read book Technical Guidance Manual for Developing Total Maximum Daily Loads written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Biological Processes for Wastewater Treatment written by Márcia Dezotti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-12 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents recent developments in advanced biological treatment technologies that are attracting increasing attention or that have a high potential for large-scale application in the near future. It also explores the fundamental principles as well as the applicability of the engineered bioreactors in detail. It describes two of the emerging technologies: membrane bioreactors (MBR) and moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR), both of which are finding increasing application worldwide thanks to their compactness and high efficiency. It also includes a chapter dedicated to aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology, and discusses the main features and applications of this promising process, which can simultaneously remove organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus and is considered a breakthrough in biological wastewater treatment. Given the importance of removing nitrogen compounds from wastewater, the latest advances in this area, including new processes for nitrogen removal (e.g. Anammox), are also reviewed. Developments in molecular biology techniques over the last twenty years provide insights into the complex microbial diversity found in biological treatment systems. The final chapter discusses these techniques in detail and presents the state-of-the-art in this field and the opportunities these techniques offer to improve process performance.

Download or read book Design Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Manual Nitrogen Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Shortcut Nitrogen Removal Nitrite Shunt and Deammonification written by Water Environment Federation and published by . This book was released on 2015-04-24 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shortcut nitrogen removal refers to biological nitrogen removal when ammonia is not converted to nitrate, but halts at nitrite to shortcut the conventional nitrification/denitrification process. Shortcut nitrogen removal processes provide significant potential benefits in terms of energy, carbon, and chemical savings compared with conventional biological nitrogen removal. Shortcut Nitrogen Removal-Nitrite Shunt and Deammonification provides owners, managers, engineers, operators, and researchers with a solid understanding of shortcut nitrogen removal and the most current research and cutting-edge industry practices on how to implement these emerging resource-saving technologies in a sustainable manner. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction and Rationale Chapter 2: Process Fundamentals-Microbiology, Stoichiometry, Kinetics, and Inhibition Chapter 3: Processes for Sidestream Nitrite Shunt Chapter 4: Sidestream Deammonification Chapter 5: Mainstream Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification and Nitrite Shunt Chapter 6: Mainstream Deammonification Chapter 7: Toward Energy Autarky: Carbon Redirection Coupled with Shortcut Nitrogen Processes Chapter 8: Process Types, Flowsheets, and Design Criteria for Implementation Chapter 9: Future Issues and Considerations of Nutrient Management in Wastewater Treatment

Download or read book Bioelectrochemical Systems written by Korneel Rabaey and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of wastewater treatment, Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) have gained considerable interest in the past few years, and several BES processes are on the brink of application to this area. This book, written by a large number of world experts in the different sub-topics, describes the different aspects and processes relevant to their development. Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) use micro-organisms to catalyze an oxidation and/or reduction reaction at an anodic and cathodic electrode respectively. Briefly, at an anode oxidation of organic and inorganic electron donors can occur. Prime examples of such electron donors are waste organics and sulfides. At the cathode, an electron acceptor such as oxygen or nitrate can be reduced. The anode and the cathode are connected through an electrical circuit. If electrical power is harvested from this circuit, the system is called a Microbial Fuel Cell; if electrical power is invested, the system is called a Microbial Electrolysis Cell. The overall framework of bio-energy and bio-fuels is discussed. A number of chapters discuss the basics – microbiology, microbial ecology, electrochemistry, technology and materials development. The book continues by highlighting the plurality of processes based on BES technology already in existence, going from wastewater based reactors to sediment based bio-batteries. The integration of BESs into existing water or process lines is discussed. Finally, an outlook is provided of how BES will fit within the emerging biorefinery area.

Download or read book Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2013 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenhouse gas emissions by the livestock sector could be cut by as much as 30 percent through the wider use of existing best practices and technologies. FAO conducted a detailed analysis of GHG emissions at multiple stages of various livestock supply chains, including the production and transport of animal feed, on-farm energy use, emissions from animal digestion and manure decay, as well as the post-slaughter transport, refrigeration and packaging of animal products. This report represents the most comprehensive estimate made to-date of livestocks contribution to global warming as well as the sectors potential to help tackle the problem. This publication is aimed at professionals in food and agriculture as well as policy makers.