Download or read book Pain Touch and Decision Making written by Lina Koppel and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-04 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimulation of sensory nerves can give rise to powerful affective experiences. Noxious stimuli can give rise to pain, an unpleasant experience which, in turn, causes suffering and constitutes a major societal burden. Touch, on the other hand, can feel pleasant and plays an important role in social relationships and well-being. Slow, gentle stroking of the skin in particular has been shown to activate C-tactile (CT) afferents, which are thought to signal affective and socially relevant aspects of touch. However, little is known about how pain and affective touch influence everyday decision making. In Paper I, we investigated the effect of acute physical pain on risk taking and intertemporal choice. Participants (n = 109) performed a series of economic decision-making tasks, once while experiencing acute thermal pain and once in a no-pain control condition. Results indicated that pain increased risk taking for monetary gains but not for equivalent losses, and increased impatience. In Paper II, we investigated the effect of affective touch on betrayal aversion, altruism, and risk taking. Participants (n = 120) performed a series of economic decision-making tasks, once while being stroked on the forearm at CT-optimal speed using a soft painter’s brush and once in a no-touch control condition. Results indicated no effect of affective touch on any of the outcome measures. In Paper III, we investigated how the ability to affect an upcoming painful event via voluntary action influences cortical processing of ongoing somatosensory stimulation. fMRI data was collected from 30 participants while they performed a task that involved pressing a response button to reduce the duration of upcoming thermal stimuli. Whole-brain analyses revealed no significant task-related effects in brain regions typically involved in pain, except activation in a cluster in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was greater when upcoming stimulation was painful than when it was nonpainful. However, region-of-interest analyses in anterior insula (AI) and midcingulate cortex (MCC) indicated that the noxious nature of the upcoming stimulation, as well as the ability to affect it, influenced processing of ongoing stimulation in both of these regions. Activation in MCC, but not AI, also correlated with response times. Taken together, these studies contribute to the broader understanding of everyday decision making, and of how affective experiences such as pain and touch shape everyday decisions and behaviors. Stimulering av nervfibrer i huden kan ge upphov till starka känsloupplevelser. Skadliga eller potentiellt skadliga stimuli kan ge upphov till smärta, en obehaglig upplevelse som i sin tur orsakar lidande och har stora socioekonomiska konsekvenser. Beröring, å andra sidan, kan upplevas som behagligt och är en viktig del av sociala relationer. Förhållandevis lite kunskap finns dock om hur smärta och beröring påverkar vardagligt beslutsfattande. Blir vi otåliga av att uppleva smärta? Tar vi fler risker? Gör beröring oss snällare och mer tillitsfulla? I denna avhandling presenteras tre studier som försöker svara på denna typ av frågor. I den första studien fick deltagarna smärtsam värmestimulering samtidigt som de fattade beslut om pengar. Besluten involverade t.ex. att välja mellan en säker vinst på 50 kr eller att singla slant om att vinna 100 kr. Resultaten visade att smärta ökade risktagande för vinster, men inte för motsvarande förluster. Deltagare som upplevde smärta var även mer otåliga, dvs. de föredrog i större utsträckning snabba belöningar. I den andra studien fick deltagarna beröring med en mjuk pensel samtidigt som de fattade beslut. Lätt, smekande beröring aktiverar en särskild typ av nervfibrer, som tros signalera affektiva och socialt relevanta aspekter av beröring. Beröring ökar även utsöndringen av hormonet oxytocin, som sägs öka känslan av tillit till andra människor, även om de vetenskapliga bevisen för detta är motstridiga. Resultaten av studien visade ingen effekt av beröring på beslutsfattande. I den tredje studien undersöktes hjärnans aktivitet vid smärtsam stimulering. Vi vet sedan tidigare att hjärnan inte bara reagerar på det som händer just nu, utan att den även förbereder inför vad som kan komma att hända i framtiden. Deltagarna fick smärtsam eller icke-smärtsam värmestimulering samtidigt som de utförde en uppgift som innebar att de skulle trycka på en knapp för att förkorta en kommande värmestimulering. Resultaten visade att hjärnans bearbetning av pågående stimulering påverkades av huruvida nästkommande stimulering var smärtsam eller inte och huruvida den gick att påverka. Sammantaget bidrar dessa studier till en ökad förståelse av hur människor fattar beslut och hur upplevelser som smärta och beröring påverkar vardagligt beslutfattande och beteende. Smärta har en stark koppling till beteende, eftersom vi snabbt måste kunna agera för att undvika skada. Beröring, däremot, upplevs på olika sätt beroende på den sociala kontexten, vilket troligtvis också påverkar beröringens effekt på beteende.

Download or read book Neuroscience of Decision Making written by Oshin Vartanian and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intersection between the fields of behavioral decision research and neuroscience has proved to be fertile ground for interdisciplinary research. Whereas the former is rich in formalized models of choice, the latter is rife with techniques for testing behavioral models at the brain level. As a result, there has been the rapid emergence of progressively more sophisticated biological models of choice, geared toward the development of ever more complete mechanistic models of behavior. This volume provides a coherent framework for distilling some of the key themes that have emerged as a function of this research program, and highlights what we have learned about judgment and decision making as a result. Although topics that are theoretically relevant to judgment and decision making researchers are addressed, the book also ventures somewhat beyond the traditional boundaries of this area to tackle themes that would of interest to a greater community of scholars. Neuroscience of Decision Making provides contemporary and essential reading for researchers and students of cognitive psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and economics.

Download or read book Ramamurthy s Decision Making in Pain Management written by Ameet Nagpal and published by JP Medical Ltd. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition provides clinicians with the latest advances in the identification, diagnosis and management of acute and chronic pain conditions and syndromes. Beginning with an overview of pain evaluation, the next chapters explain acute and chronic pain. The following chapters examine different types of pain including cancer, thoracic, lower back, head and neck, and more. Each chapter has been fully revised and the third edition features many new topics, including a complete chapter dedicated to opioid pharmacology. Authored by recognised Texas-based experts in the field, the text is presented in a clear, algorithmic approach, enhanced by clinical photographs and figures. Key points Fully revised, third edition presenting latest advances in diagnosis and management pain Features many new topics including a chapter on opioid pharmacology Authored by recognised Texas-based experts in the field Previous edition (9780323019743) published in 2006

Download or read book Nanobrain written by Anirban Bandyopadhyay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making an artificial brain is not a part of artificial intelligence. It will be a revolutionary journey of mankind exploring a science where one cannot write an equation, a material will vibrate like geometric shape, and then those shapes will change to make decisions. Geometry of silence plays like a musical instrument to mimic a human brain; our thoughts, imagination, everything would be a 3D shape playing as music; composing music would be the brain’s singular job. For a century, the Turing machine ruled human civilization; it was believed that irrespective of complexity all events add up linearly. This book is a thesis to explore the science of decision-making where events are 3D-geometric shapes, events grow within and above, never side by side. ​ The book documents inventions and discoveries in neuroscience, computer science, materials science, mathematics and chemistry that explore the possibility of brain or universe as a time crystal. The philosophy of Turing, the philosophy of membrane-based neuroscience and the philosophy of linear, sequential thought process are challenged here by considering that a nested time crystal encompasses the entire conscious universe. Instead of an algorithm, the pattern of maximum free will is generated mathematically and that very pattern is encoded in materials such that its natural vibration integrates random events exactly similar to the way nature does it in every remote corner of our universe. Find how an artificial brain avoids any necessity for algorithm or programming using the pattern of free will.

Download or read book Decision Making in Medicine written by Stuart B. Mushlin and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2009-10-27 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This popular reference facilitates diagnostic and therapeutic decision making for a wide range of common and often complex problems faced in outpatient and inpatient medicine. Comprehensive algorithmic decision trees guide you through more than 245 disorders organized by sign, symptom, problem, or laboratory abnormality. The brief text accompanying each algorithm explains the key steps of the decision making process, giving you the clear, clinical guidelines you need to successfully manage even your toughest cases. An algorithmic format makes it easy to apply the practical, decision-making approaches used by seasoned clinicians in daily practice. Comprehensive coverage of general and internal medicine helps you successfully diagnose and manage a full range of diseases and disorders related to women's health, emergency medicine, urology, behavioral medicine, pharmacology, and much more. A Table of Contents arranged by organ system helps you to quickly and easily zero in on the information you need. More than a dozen new topics focus on the key diseases and disorders encountered in daily practice. Fully updated decision trees guide you through the latest diagnostic and management guidelines.

Download or read book Brain Computations written by Edmund T. Rolls and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to understand how the brain works, it is essential to know WHAT is computed by different brain systems, and HOW those computations are performed. This is the aim of Brain Computations: What and How. Pioneering in its approach, this book will be of interest to all scientists interested in brain function and how the brain works

Download or read book Painful Choices written by David A. Welch and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-04 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan's endless patience with diplomacy in its conflict with Russia over the Northern Territories; America's decision to commit large-scale military force to Vietnam vs. its ultimate decision to withdraw; and Canada's two abortive flirtations with free trade with the United States in 1911 and 1948 vs. its embrace of free trade in the late 1980s."--Jacket.

Download or read book Emotion and Decision Making Explained written by Edmund T. Rolls and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What produces emotions? Why do we have emotions? How do we have emotions? Why do emotional states feel like something? What is the relation between emotion, and reward value, and subjective feelings of pleasure? These are just some of the question considered in this book, written by a leading neuroscientist in this field.

Download or read book Outcome Based Massage written by Carla-Krystin Andrade and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2013-02-15 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outcome-Based MassageTM: Putting Evidence into Practice (3rd edition) goes beyond an update of the content of the second edition. In this book, Dr Andrade and a team of contributors who represent the fields of massage therapy, physical therapy, athletic training, education, psychology, medicine, and physiology take the student or practicing clinician to the next level of using Outcome-Based MassageTM in daily clinical practice. This edition enhances and builds upon the strengths of the first two editions as follows: · Fully updated chapters provide a comprehensive approach to assessment, treatment design, and treatment delivery · Streamlined presentation of theory and practice enhances the teaching and learning experience · Quick Treatment Guides provide a colorful, immediate reference for anatomy, pathophysiology, impairments, and wellness goals for 16 musculoskeletal conditions · New section on the scientific basis of soft-tissue examination provides students and practitioners with the very latest understanding of the emerging body of knowledge in this field · Review sections in each chapter provide Takeaways that summarize key concepts, critical thinking questions, and clinical cases that illustrate the practical application of the concepts discussed in the chapter · Precise, instructive photographs and videos give students and practitioners clear, direct guidance for using the techniques presented in this text

Download or read book Regional Nerve Blocks in Anesthesia and Pain Therapy written by Danilo Jankovic and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive atlas, which includes a wealth of illustrations and anatomic pictures created by the editors, covers a broad range of both regional anesthesia and pain intervention techniques, including neuromodulation. The book is unique in that it covers ultrasound and fluoroscopic-guided techniques, as well as traditional landmark-guided techniques. The authors and editors are internationally renowned experts, and share extensive theoretic and practical insights into regional anesthesia, pain therapy and anatomic sciences for everyday practice. The book addresses the application of ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance for pain interventions and provides detailed coverage of ultrasound-guided and landmark-guided regional anesthesia. The book represents a detailed guide to the application of regional anesthesia and pain medicine; furthermore, examples of medico-legal documentation are also included in this edition. The 5th edition of Regional Nerve Blocks in Anesthesia and Pain Medicine is practically oriented and provides essential guidelines for the clinical application of regional anesthesia. It is intended for anesthesiologists and all professionals engaged in the field of pain therapy such as pain specialists, surgeons, orthopedists, neurosurgeons, neurologists, general practitioners, and nurse anesthetists.

Download or read book deWit s Medical Surgical Nursing E Book written by Holly K. Stromberg and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 1283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get the solid foundation you need to pass the NCLEX-PN® exam and succeed in practice! deWit’s Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts and Practice, 4th Edition builds on the fundamentals of nursing with complete coverage of adult medical-surgical conditions, including roles, settings, health care trends, and all body systems and their disorders. It provides special attention to care of older adults, those with chronic illnesses, and residents in long-term care settings. Written by nursing educator Holly Stromberg, deWit’s Medical-Surgical Nursing makes exam prep easier with NCLEX-PN® review questions, and reflects national LPN/LVN standards with an emphasis on evidence-based practice and patient safety. Safety alerts emphasize safety precautions to protect patients, family, health care providers, and the public from accidents, spread of disease, and medication-related accidents. Older Adult Care Points address the unique care issues of gerontologic nursing, and describe assessment and interventions for long-term care patients. Nursing care plans show plans of care based on patient history, including patient goals and outcomes, with critical thinking questions allowing you to assess your understanding of nursing care concepts. Assignment Considerations cover task delegation from the RN to the LPN/LVN and from the LPN/LVN to unlicensed assistive personnel, as allowed by each state’s nurse practice act. Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! section at the end of each chapter covers key points and includes review questions to help you prepare for class tests and the NCLEX-PN examination. Focused Assessment boxes show how to collect patient data, including history, physical, and psychosocial assessment. Home Care Considerations focus on adapting medical-surgical nursing care to the home environment after discharge. Cultural Considerations promote understanding of various ethnic groups and sensitivity to differing beliefs and practices. Communication boxes help in developing therapeutic communication skills in realistic patient care situations. Patient Teaching boxes provide instructions and guidelines for educating patients on post-hospital care. Legal and Ethical Considerations describe legal issues and ethical dilemmas that may face the practicing nurse. Think Critically encourages you to synthesize information and apply concepts to practice. Nutrition Considerations emphasize the role nutrition plays in disease and nursing care. Medication tables provide quick access to dosages and side effects of commonly used medications. Key terms include phonetic pronunciations and text page references, making learning easier with terms listed at the beginning of each chapter, appearing in blue at first mention or where defined in the text, and defined in the glossary.

Download or read book Neonatal Nursing in Australia and New Zealand written by Victoria Kain and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-06-22 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neonatal Nursing in Australia and New Zealand: Principles for Practice uniquely reflects the local practice, context and standards of neonatal nursing in Australia and New Zealand. Edited by Victoria Kain and Trudi Mannix, the content spans all neonatal care settings, addressing the considerations of all levels, including special care and intensive care units, while highlighting the collaborative nature of neonatal care and interdisciplinary teamwork within this environment. The text comprehensively addresses ANZ-specific perspectives, including the neonatal context for First Peoples; the neonatal nurse practitioner and advanced practice roles; workplace culture; newborn screening, resuscitation, retrievals and transport; stabilisation of the high-risk newborn; the range of disorders by body system; legal and ethical issues; and end-of-life care in the neonatal unit. Supported by international and ANZ neonatal network data Aligned to the Australian College of Neonatal Nurses and New Zealand Nurses Organisation Standards Key learning objectives emphasised Nursing and midwifery-focused Case studies provide the vital link between theory and practice Clinical Practice and Reflections features further reader insight and knowledge Evidence-based practice research underpins all chapters Family-centred care is reinforced throughout Evolve resources included to enhance teaching and learning: eBook on VitalSource Student and Lecturer resources, for each chapter: Test banks of MCQ and short answer questions Additional online case studies Journal articles related to practice and critical thinking questions Answer guide to in-text and online case study, test bank and article questions

Download or read book Completing the Forecast written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-10-09 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncertainty is a fundamental characteristic of weather, seasonal climate, and hydrological prediction, and no forecast is complete without a description of its uncertainty. Effective communication of uncertainty helps people better understand the likelihood of a particular event and improves their ability to make decisions based on the forecast. Nonetheless, for decades, users of these forecasts have been conditioned to receive incomplete information about uncertainty. They have become used to single-valued (deterministic) forecasts (e.g., "the high temperature will be 70 degrees Farenheit 9 days from now") and applied their own experience in determining how much confidence to place in the forecast. Most forecast products from the public and private sectors, including those from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service, continue this deterministic legacy. Fortunately, the National Weather Service and others in the prediction community have recognized the need to view uncertainty as a fundamental part of forecasts. By partnering with other segments of the community to understand user needs, generate relevant and rich informational products, and utilize effective communication vehicles, the National Weather Service can take a leading role in the transition to widespread, effective incorporation of uncertainty information into predictions. "Completing the Forecast" makes recommendations to the National Weather Service and the broader prediction community on how to make this transition.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Social Neuroscience written by Jean Decety and published by Oxford Library of Psychology. This book was released on 2011 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title marks the emergence of a third broad perspective in neuroscience. This perspective emphasizes the functions that emerge through the coaction and interaction of conspecifics and the commonality and differences across social species and superorganismal structures.

Download or read book Documentation for Physical Therapist Practice A Clinical Decision Making Approach written by Jacqueline A. Osborne and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2015-08-03 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documentation for Physical Therapist Practice: A Clinical Decision Making Approach provides the framework for successful documentation. It is synchronous with Medicare standards as well as the American Physical Therapy Association’s recommendations for defensible documentation. It identifies documentation basics which can be readily applied to a broad spectrum of documentation formats including paper-based and electronic systems. This key resource skillfully explains how to document the interpretation of examination findings so that the medical record accurately reflects the evidence. In addition, the results of consultation with legal experts who specialize in physical therapy claims denials will be shared to provide current, meaningful documentation instruction.

Download or read book Physical Therapist Assistant Exam Review Guide written by Mark Dutton and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2011-05-11 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Begin the task of studying for the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) for Physical Therapist Assistants (PTAs) by concentrating on those subject areas where you need the most help! Physical Therapist Assistant Exam Review Guide includes a bound-in online access code for JB TestPrep: PTA Exam Review. Both resources provide thorough exam preparation help for physical therapist assistant candidates preparing to sit for the certification exam.Physical Therapist Assistant Exam Review Guide incorporates thorough overviews of exam content consistent with the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice and the NPTE for PTAs detailing the fundamentals of the profession, the body's systems, and therapeutic procedures, and providing dedicated chapters on pediatrics, geriatrics, and pharmacology. Study questions in each chapter test reader comprehension; "Key Points" boxes highlight important information throughout; and tables and figures provide visual points of reference for learners. JB TestPrep: PTA Exam Review is a dynamic, web-based program includes interactive exam-style questions with instant feedback providing answers and explanations for review and study. Test-takers can also complete a full final exam and browse their results, including a performance analysis summary that highlights which topics require further study. All exam results are saved for later viewing to track progress and improvement.KEY FEATURES* Presents detailed content overviews consistent with the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice and the NPTE content* Includes basic, helpful information on taking the NPTE for PTAs* Contains the latest AHA CPR guidelines* Provides a variety of exam-style questions with answers and explanations * Gives instant feedback to sample exams in the online programAppendices Include: Guide For Conduct of the Physical Therapist Assistant; Standards of Ethical Conduct for the Physical Therapist Assistant; Standards of Practice for Physical Therapy; The 24-hour Clock; and Units of International MeasureBy the time you are done with the Physical Therapist Assistant Exam Review Guide and JB TestPrep: PTA Exam Review, you will feel confident and prepared to complete the final step in the certification process--passing the examination!

Download or read book Orthopaedics for the Physical Therapist Assistant written by Mark Dutton and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2011-04-15 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Broad overview of orthopaedics for the physical therapist, consisting of a comprehense description of the anatomy and biomechanics of each area of the spine, pelvis, and TMJ, followed by detailed explanations on the re-evaluation and treatment of each of the various areas are given with an emphasis on techniques that are evidence-based.