Download or read book Oxy fuel Fluidized Bed Combustion of Victorian Brown Coal written by Bithi Roy and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal contributes to almost forty percent of global power generation. As conventional coal-fired power generation technologies result in large CO2 emission, the pursuit for new technologies focuses on either reducing CO2 emission or that allows easier capture of the emitted CO2 from coal-fired power plants. Oxy-fuel fluidized bed (Oxy-FB) combustion is one such technology due to its ability to produce concentrated CO2 stream in the flue gas. This concentrated CO2 allows easier capture for subsequent transportation and storage. Other important benefits of this technology are the potential for using any type of fuel, and the ability to control SO2 and NOX emissions. Despite its perceived advantages over conventional technologies, very little is known about the applicability of Oxy-FB for brown coal. Brown coal accounts for 91% of Victoria's current electricity needs. Since Victoria has an estimated reserve of over 500 years of brown coal at the current consumption rate, successful application of Oxy-FB can potentially result in environment friendly power generation in Victoria. This first-ever study investigates the Oxy-FB combustion using Victorian brown coal in a combined experimental and modelling approach. The research involves designing and commissioning of a 10 kWth fluidized bed rig, carrying out experiments in laboratory scale and bench scale equipment, and performing thermodynamic and process modelling.Laboratory scale experiments using single char particle were conducted to investigate the combustion characteristics of individual and large char particle under Oxy-FB conditions. Particle temperature was observed to be higher compared to bed temperature. Up to 48°C difference was noticed between the char particle temperature and the bed temperature using 15% (v/v) steam in oxy-fuel combustion atmosphere. The temperature of the char particle during Oxy-FB combustion has practical implication for agglomeration.The bench scale experiments were carried out to evaluate combustion efficiency, agglomeration characteristics, sulphation characteristics, carbonation characteristics, NOX (NO, NO2 and N2O) emission, SOX (SO2 and SO3) emission, and trace elements (Hg, Se, As and Cr) emissions during Oxy-FB combustion of Victorian brown coal. A high level of CO2 concentration (90-94% in dry flue gas), over 99% combustion efficiency and no bed agglomeration under oxy-fuel combustion conditions including those with the addition of steam at temperatures between 800°C and 900°C. Moreover, the measured NOX and SOX concentration levels in the flue gas are within the permissible limits for coal-fired power plants in Victoria. This implies that additional NOX and SOX removal systems may not be required with Oxy-FB combustion of Victorian brown coal. The gaseous mercury concentrations, however, are considerably higher under oxy-fuel combustion compared to air combustion suggesting that mercury removal system may be required to avoid corrosion in the CO2 separation units if CO2 capture and transportation is intended. These conventional pollutants and trace elements emission characteristics are of great importance for the design of the gas cleaning systems for CO2 capture and storage (CCS) purposes. Furthermore, these results also provide information for selecting the optimum operating condition.Thermodynamic equilibrium modelling was carried out to predict the compounds formed during the combustion of Victorian brown coal under different Oxy-FB combustion conditions. It was predicted that the amount of toxic gaseous Cr6+ species was greater for oxy-fuel combustion than for air combustion. The distribution of toxic Se4+ species, however, remained almost the same in both combustion conditions within the typical temperature range for Oxy-FB combustion (800 - 950°C). A process model on Oxy-FB combustion using Aspen Plus was also developed to predict combustion performance of any coal during Oxy-FB. It was observed that the concentrations of CO and SO2 were higher in the lower dense region of the bed. These levels, however, dropped significantly with the introduction of secondary oxygen. The simulation results were consistent with the experimental data. Overall, this thesis has identified several important issues, for the first time, on Oxy-FB combustion using brown coal. The information generated is useful for academics, industry and policy makers. Future research on Oxy-FB combustion can use the findings of this study while developing Oxy-FB combustion for brown coals.

Download or read book Chemical Looping Combustion of Victorian Brown Coal Using Fe based Oxygen Carriers written by Sharmen Rajendran and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast reserves of Victorian brown coal (VBC), over 400 years at the current rate of consumption, is predominantly used for power generation with over 80% of Victoria's electricity generated from the combustion of this fuel. This results in the emission of vast amounts of greenhouse gases such as CO2. Hence, it is important to investigate carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies for use in power stations employing fossil fuels. Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is an emerging CO2 capture technology which is capable of inherently capturing CO2. In CLC, the Oxygen Carrier (OC) provides the oxygen for the combustion of the fuel hence eliminating dilution with N2 from air. Once the oxygen in the OC is depleted, it is regenerated through oxidation in air and is then sent back to react with another batch of fuel. The vast majority of research in the field of CLC has been focussed on gaseous fuels such as natural gas and syngas due to the simplicity of such a process. In recent times, there has been a shift towards the use of solid fuels due to their abundance, widespread availability and lower cost. As such, there are a number of gaps in the field of CLC employing solid fuels; additionally, the only information relating to CLC of VBC is limited to experiments using small scale laboratory equipment. This thesis serves to fill some of the gaps in the field of VBC-fuelled CLC. The first study investigated the effect of inherent coal minerals on the performance of a CLC system; a high ash Canadian lignite was also used as part of this comparative study. The results highlighted that the low ash VBC was more suitable for use as a fuel in CLC as it was highly reactive and its low ash content led to a smaller amount of ash deposition on the OC. The second study involved using synchrotron radiation to perform in-situ X-ray Diffraction studies of a VBC-fuelled CLC process to understand both the changes that the OC undergoes as part of the redox reaction as well as carbon deposition on the OC. The results showed that the reduction of Fe2O3 beyond Fe3O4 was not favourable over long periods of time when using CO2 as the gasification agent as it led to carbon deposition on the OC. The third study is a first-of-its-kind investigation, where the reduction kinetics of an Fe-based OC was determined in the presence of a char derived from VBC. The Shrinking Core Model (SCM) and the Modified Volume Reaction Model (MVRM) were used to model the reduction of the OC. The results showed that both models were capable of predicting the reduction of Fe2O3 in the presence of a solid fuel. The calculations also verified that the rate limiting step in CLC was that of char gasification. The fourth study investigated the effect of the reactor configuration on the performance of the CLC system as such a comparison has never been attempted. A fluidized bed reactor, an atmospheric fixed bed reactor and a pressurized fixed bed reactor operated at 5 bar were used. The amount of the fuel and the OC together with the flow rates of the gases were kept constant so that the results from the different setups could be compared accurately. It was found that using the fluidized bed reactor allowed for the fastest gasification of the fuel due to better contact between the gasification agent and fuel. Although the CO2 yield and carbon conversion in the fluidized bed reactor was lower compared to the other two fixed bed reactors, it is expected that the use of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor with cyclones, a carbon stripper and a taller expanded freeboard would improve these two parameters. The fifth study involved fabricating and trialling 18 synthetic OCs in which NiO, CuO and Mn2O3 were supported on Fe2O3. This was done as most studies in literature utilize an inert support that is not able to take part in the redox reaction; as such a greater quantity of the OC is needed to provide the necessary oxygen. The results highlight that impregnated OCs were more reactive relative to their physically mixed counterparts. The use of high levels of CuO should be avoided as it led to the defluidization of the bed. Although NiO performed well, it may not be suitable for use due to its toxicity. Taking numerous considerations into account, the use of Mn2O3 was recommended as it led to a synergistic effect with Fe2O3. The sixth and final study of this thesis utilized a 10 kWth alternating fluidized bed reactor to trial the performance of VBC in a large scale reactor. A number of studies on the effects of temperature, fuel type, OC particle size range and long term operation on the performance of the CLC system were done. The NOx emissions were quantified and a carbon balance was also performed. The NOx emissions were found to average around 25 ppm over the course of the reduction reaction. Based on the carbon balance, 6.8% of the introduced carbon was unaccounted for due to the low capture efficiency of the cyclones. The optimum parameters were found to be 900°C for the temperature, 150-350 μm for the OC particle size range and VBC for the fuel. The average carbon conversion and CO2 yield over 35 reduction reactions was found to be 86% and 81% respectively for the conditions optimized for this reactor setup. These studies show that the use of Fe-based OCs is highly promising with VBC. The main recommendation from this thesis is the use of VBC in a CFB reactor as this is expected to significantly improve the carbon conversion and CO2 yield.

Download or read book Oxy fuel Combustion written by Chuguang Zheng and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxy-fuel Combustion: Fundamentals, Theory and Practice provides a comprehensive review of various aspects of oxy-fuel combustion technology, including its concept, fundamental theory, pilot practice, large-scale feasibility studies and related practical issues, such as the commissioning and operation of an oxy-fuel combustion plant. Oxy-fuel combustion, as the most practical large-scale carbon capture power generation technology, has attracted significant attention in the past two decades. As significant progress has been achieved in worldwide demonstration and the oxy-combustion concept confirmed by Schwartze Pump, CUIDEN, Callide, Ponferrada and Yingcheng projects in the past five years, this book provides a timely addition for discussion and study. Covers oxy-fuel combustion technology Includes concepts, fundamentals, pilots and large-scale feasibility studies Considers related practical issues, such as the commissioning and operation of an oxy-fuel combustion plant Focuses on theories and methods closely related to engineering practice

Download or read book Advances in the Science of Victorian Brown Coal written by Chun - Zhu Li and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-10-21 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, extensive research has been conducted on the subject of coal as one of the world's leading energy sources. The current and future status of this resource is a topic of considerable interest to the largest world economies, including the US, Japan, China and Europe. Advances in the Science of Victorian Brown Coal provides critical reviews of the information and research published over this time, giving the reader an authoritative overview of the science surrounding this important topic. - Critical review of recent research surrounding the utilization of brown coal. Key issues addressed include maximized efficiency and minimized environmental impacts - Focuses on Victorian Brown Coal within the context of biomass and bituminous coal - A critical thermodynamic overview of various advanced power generation technologies

Download or read book Fluidised Combustion of Brown Coal written by J. E. Williams and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Science of Victorian Brown Coal written by R.A. Durie and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 767 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science of Victorian Brown Coal provides extensive information on Victorian brown coal, which is a major fossil fuel resource by any standard and constitutes about 97% of Victoria's recoverable energy reserves. Energy from brown coal has been the mainstay of the Victorian economy, providing low-cost electricity to the state grid, briquettes as a fuel for industry and town gas prior to the discovery of natural gas. Because of the unique properties of the coal, it has been necessary to develop an in-depth scientific knowledge of the coal and its behavior, as well as innovative technologies for its effective utilization. The economic benefit brown coal has provided to Victoria is demonstrated throughout the chapters. This book aims to provide the springboard for further research and lead to a new era in the development of value-added products and the more efficient utilization of this major resource. This text is a useful reference for students or individuals conducting research on fossil fuel energy, specifically on brown coals.

Download or read book Fluidized Bed Combustion of Coal and Waste Materials written by Lee Yaverbaum and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1977 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Low rank Coals for Power Generation Fuel and Chemical Production written by Zhongyang Luo and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-22 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-Rank Coals for Power Generation, Fuel and Chemical Production provides a thorough introduction to lignite (brown coal) and subbituminous coals and explores how they can be used efficiently and economically in place of hard coal. The book examines the undesirable characteristics of low-quality coals, such as high moisture content, low calorific value, and aggressive ash characteristics, and the resulting refinements to standard technologies and practices required for successful combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis.The first part of this book provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the properties of low-rank coals and corresponding preparation methods, such as drying, cleaning, and upgrading. Power generation from low-rank coals is the focus of Part 2, with chapter topics ranging from high efficiency pulverized coal combustion and circulatingfluidized bed combustion to emerging areas such as chemical looping and oxyfuel combustion. The final contributions address the important subjects of coal-to-liquids,polygeneration and coke production using low-rank coals, as well as the critical issue of carbon capture and storage.This book is a valuable resource for power generation engineers and researchers seeking to maximize the opportunities provided by these cheaper coal feedstocks for efficient and environmentally compatible power generation. - Presents the most in-depth treatment of low-rank coals available - Addresses both power generation and fuel production - Includes coverage that spans pulverized coal combustion and emerging technologies, such as CFBC, UCG, CLC, and oxyfuel combustion

Download or read book Fundamentals of Low Emission Flameless Combustion and Its Applications written by Seyed Ehsan Hosseini and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-07-30 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Low Emission Flameless Combustion and Its Applications is a comprehensive reference on the flameless combustion mode and its industrial applications, considering various types of fossil and alternative fuel. Several experimental and numerical accomplishments on the fundamentals of state-of-the-art flameless combustion is presented, working to clarify the environmentally friendly aspects of this combustion mode. Author Dr. Hosseini presents the latest progresses in the field and highlights the most important achievements since invention, including the fundamentals of thermodynamics, heat transfer and chemical kinetics. Also analyzed is fuel consumption reduction and the efficiency of the system, emissions formation and the effect of the flameless mode on emission reduction.This book provides a solid foundation for those in industry employing flameless combustion for energy conservation and the mitigation of pollutant emissions. It will provide engineers and researchers in energy system engineering, chemical engineering, industrial engineers and environmental engineering with a reliable resource on flameless combustion and may also serve as a textbook for senior graduate students. - Presents the fundamentals of flameless combustion and covers advances since its invention - Includes experimental and numerical investigations of flameless combustion - Analyzes emission formation and highlights the effects of the flameless mode on emission reduction

Download or read book Biomass Chars Elaboration Characterization and Applications written by Lionel Limousy and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass can be converted to energy, biofuels, and bioproducts via thermochemical conversion processes, such as combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Combustion technology is most widely applied on an industrial scale. However, biomass gasification and pyrolysis processes are still in the research and development stage. The major products from these processes are syngas, bio-oil, and char (called also biochar for agronomic application). Among these products, biomass chars have received increasing attention for different applications, such as gasification, co-combustion, catalysts or adsorbents precursors, soil amendment, carbon fuel cells, and supercapacitors. This Special Issue provides an overview of biomass char production methods (pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, etc.), characterization techniques (e.g., scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, nitrogen adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption and mass spectrometry), their properties, and their suitable recovery processes.

Download or read book Alternative Energy Sources and Technologies written by Mariano Martín and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a comprehensive analysis of the use of alternative sources of energy and technologies to produce fuels and power, this book describes the energy value chain from harvesting the raw material, (i.e solar, wind, biomass or shale gas) followed by analysis of the processing steps into power, fuels and/or chemicals and finally the distribution of the products. Featuring an examination of the techno-economic processes and integration opportunities which can add value to by-products or promote the use of different sources of energy within the same facility, this book looks at the tools that can make this integration possible as well as utilising a real world case study. The case study of the operation of “El hierro” island is used as an example of the current effort towards more efficient use of the resources available. Tackling head on the open challenges of the supply, the variability of the source and its prediction, the description of novel processes that are being developed and evaluated for their transformation as well as how we can distribute them to the consumer and how we can integrate the new chemicals, fuels and power within the current system and infrastructure, the book takes a process based perspective with such an approach able to help us in the use and integration of these sources of energy and novel technologies.

Download or read book Emission and Control of Trace Elements from Coal Derived Gas Streams written by Yongchun Zhao and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-07-12 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emission and Control of Trace Elements from Coal-Derived Gas Streams presents an up-to-date and focused analysis on Trace element (TEs) emissions and control strategies during coal utilization. This book provides insights into how TE's in coal are distributed from different coal-forming periods, coal ranks and coal-bearing regions. As the emission and control of TEs during coal utilization are a significant concern, this book introduces TEs in coal and pollution in an accessible way before discussing why they occur and how they are distributed during various stages of coal forming, also considering various regions and countries. Specific types of TEs in relation to partition in coal combustion, coal fires, gasification and coal feed furnace are then analyzed, providing the reader with practical knowledge to apply to their own research or projects. This book is an essential reference for energy engineers researching and working in coal technology, with a specific focus on emission control, as well as graduate students and researchers in energy engineering, environmental, thermal and chemical engineering who have an interest in trace element emission and control from coal utilization. - Presents characteristics of TE emissions during coal utilization in laboratory-scale experiments, industrial furnaces and power plants - Considers different legislation and case studies from various regions and countries - Includes contributions from world renowned experts - Presents a concise and focused analysis on TE emissions and control strategies

Download or read book Optic Diagnostics on Pulverized Coal Particles Combustion Dynamics and Alkali Metal Release Behavior written by Ye Yuan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on pulverized coal particle devolatilization, ignition, alkali metal release behavior, and burnout temperature using several novel optic diagnostic methods on a Hencken multi-flat flame burner. Firstly, it presents a novel multi-filter technique to detect the CH* signal during coal ignition, which can be used to characterize the volatile release and reaction process. It then offers observations on the prevalent transition from heterogeneous ignition to hetero-homogeneous ignition due to ambient temperature based on visible light signal diagnostics. By utilizing the gap between the excitation energies of the gas and particle phases, a new low-intensity laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (PS-LIBS) is developed to identify the presence of sodium in the particle or gas phase along the combustion process. For the first time, the in-situ verification of the gas phase Na release accompanying coal devolatilization is fulfilled when the ambient temperature is high enough. In fact, particle temperature plays a vital role in the coal burnout process and ash particle formation. The last part of the book uses RGB color pyrometry and the CBK model to study the char particle temperature on a Hencken burner. It offers readers valuable information on the technique of coal ignition and combustion diagnostics as well as coal combustion characteristics.

Download or read book Fluidized Bed Combustion of Moist Brown Coal Particles written by Asim Kumar Das and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book How to Burn Coal Efficiently and Economically and Meet Air Pollution Requirements the Fluidized bed Combustion Process written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Coal and Biomass Gasification written by Santanu De and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the science and technology of the gasification process and the production of electricity, synthetic fuels and other useful chemicals. Pursuing a holistic approach, it covers the fundamentals of gasification and its various applications. In addition to discussing recent advances and outlining future directions, it covers advanced topics such as underground coal gasification and chemical looping combustion, and describes the state-of-the-art experimental techniques, modeling and numerical simulations, environmentally friendly approaches, and technological challenges involved. Written in an easy-to-understand format with a comprehensive glossary and bibliography, the book offers an ideal reference guide to coal and biomass gasification for beginners, engineers and researchers involved in designing or operating gasification plants.

Download or read book Combustion of Pulverised Coal in a Mixture of Oxygen and Recycled Flue Gas written by Dobrin Toporov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion of Pulverised Coal in a Mixture of Oxygen and Recycled Flue Gas focuses on a niche technology, combustion of coal in an oxygen rich environment, which is one approach to obtaining 'clean coal,' by making it easier to capture carbon that is released in the combustion process. Toporov's book breaks ground on covering the key fundamentals of oxycoal technologies, which have not yet been covered in this depth. Combustion of Pulverised Coal in a Mixture of Oxygen and Recycled Flue Gas summarizes the main results from a pioneering work on experimental and numerical investigations of oxyfuel technologies. It provides the theoretical background of the process, the problems to be faced, and the technical solutions that were achieved during these investigations. - Summarizes results from investigations of oxyfuel technologies performed at Aachen University, Germany - Provides theoretical background, as well as the primary problems of these technologies and how they can be solved