Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Experimental Models of Parkinson s Disease written by Carmen Ines Henze and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Redox Signalling in Parkinson s Disease written by Rodrigo Franco and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-07-25 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parkinson's Disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. In order to find neuroprotective strategies, a clear understanding of the mechanisms involved in the dopaminergic death of cells that progresses the disease is needed. Oxidative stress can be defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive species and the ability to detoxify them and their intermediates or by-products. Oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA has been detected in autopsies from individuals with Parkinson’s Disease and so links can be made between oxidative stress and Parkinson’s Disease pathogenesis. This book provides a thorough review of the mechanisms by which oxidative stress and redox signalling mediate Parkinson’s Disease. Opening chapters bring readers up to speed on basic knowledge regarding oxidative stress and redox signalling, Parkinson’s Disease, and neurodegeneration before the latest advances in this field are explored in detail. Topics covered in the following chapters include the role of mitochondria, dopamine metabolism, metal homeostasis, inflammation, DNA-damage and thiol-signalling. The role of genetics and gene-environment interactions are also explored before final chapters discuss the identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis and disease progression and the future of redox/antioxidant based therapeutics. Written by recognized experts in the field, this book will be a valuable source of information for postgraduate students and academics, clinicians, toxicologists and risk assessment groups. Importantly, it presents the current research that might later lead to redox or antioxidant – based therapeutics for Parkinson’s disease.

Download or read book Studies on Experimental Models written by Samar Basu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-13 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a widespread consensus that use of antioxidants as a therapeutic approach may counteract free radical mediated pathologies. However, the role of antioxidants in normal physiology and redox signaling is still in its infancy. Since oxidative stress is related to various diseases and pathologies, scientists are eager to study the disease in humans, but it is not always ethical to study all the aspects of the disease in humans. Thus, it becomes mandatory to study the disease process and the mechanisms behind it through experimental models which generally involve animals, in vitro/cell culture studies, primates and even humans to a certain extent. Studies on Experimental Models contains data on the experimental models or review of such models of oxidative stress in various diseases. It is structured into six sections, which are as follows: diabetes, cardiovascular, neurology, ocular diseases, toxicology/environmental and in vitro/tissue culture. Each section presents a sketch of models in humans, animals and in vitro methods. Taken together, they comprise a valuable reference for basic and clinical scientists, one aimed at contributing to the advancement of oxidative stress research using appropriate animal models.

Download or read book Oxidative Stress How has it been Considered in the Design of New Drug Candidates for Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Claudio Viegas Jr and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-01-22 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disorders written by G. Ali Qureshi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-22 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance in pro-oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis that leads to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Brain cells are continuously exposed to reactive oxygen species generated by oxidative metabolism, and in certain pathological conditions defense mechanisms against oxygen radicals may be weakened and/or overwhelmed. DNA is a potential target for oxidative damage, and genomic damage can contribute to neuropathogenesis. It is important therefore to identify tools for the quantitative analysis of DNA damage in models on neurological disorders. This book presents detailed information on various neurodegenerative disorders and their connection with oxidative stress. This information will provide clinicians with directions to treat these disorders with appropriate therapy and is also of vital importance for the drug industries for the design of new drugs for treatment of degenerative disorders. * Contains the latest information on the subject of neurodegenerative disorders* Reflects on various factors involved in degeneration and gives suggestions for how to tackle these problems

Download or read book Challenges in Parkinson s Disease written by Jolanta Dorszewska and published by . This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Brain Aging written by David R. Riddle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-19 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition that aging is not the accumulation of disease, but rather comprises fundamental biological processes that are amenable to experimental study, is the basis for the recent growth of experimental biogerontology. As increasingly sophisticated studies provide greater understanding of what occurs in the aging brain and how these changes occur

Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Diseases written by Volodymyr Lushchak and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2012-04-25 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of hypothesis of oxidative stress in the 1980s stimulated the interest of biological and biomedical sciences that extends to this day. The contributions in this book provide the reader with the knowledge accumulated to date on the involvement of reactive oxygen species in different pathologies in humans and animals. The chapters are organized into sections based on specific groups of pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, neuronal, hormonal, and systemic ones. A special section highlights potential of antioxidants to protect organisms against deleterious effects of reactive species. This book should appeal to many researchers, who should find its information useful for advancing their fields.

Download or read book Inflammation in Parkinson s Disease written by Madhavi Thomas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-27 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a prevalence of 0.1% of the global population, and 5-10% patients are under 40 years of age. Several text books have been published on various aspects of PD to date, including research and clinical aspects. However these do not emphasize the inflammatory pathways and pathways of neurodegeneration in PD. Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease brings advances in research together with current literature and evidence. This concise volume covers the fundamentals of neuroimmunology and inflammatory models, the interactions between pathways of neurodegeneration and follows the concept of research work undertaken from basic science to clinical trials. Researchers, clinicians, and students interested in Parkinson's Disease are provided with a comprehensive view of translational research methods and an insight needed for developing future therapies aimed at disease modulation.

Download or read book Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 LRRK2 written by Hardy J. Rideout and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-28 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to assemble the leading researchers in the field of LRRK2 biology and neurology and provide a snapshot of the current state of knowledge, encompassing all major aspects of its function and dysfunction. The contributors are experts in cell biology and physiology, neurobiology, and medicinal chemistry, bringing a multidisciplinary perspective on the gene and its role in disease. The book covers the identification of LRRK2 as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. It also discusses the current state of the field after a decade of research, putative normal physiological roles of LRRK2, and the various pathways that have been identified in the search for the mechanism(s) of its induction of neurodegeneration.

Download or read book Parkinsonism and the Environment written by Nikolay M. Filipov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-18 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The book is comprised of individual reviews with the common goal of providing up-to-date state of the knowledge information on the role the environment plays in the pathogenesis of parkinsonism. The reviews focus on recent advances in the quest of deciphering the molecular and cellular mechanisms of parkinsonian dysfunction, highlight specific emerging dopaminergic toxicants and an alternative experimental model to study the link between environmental exposures and parkinsonism, and provide an update from epidemiological and experimental points of view related to the pesticide exposures and parkinsonism/Parkinson’s Disease association. Foremost experts in their respective fields are the senior authors on each chapter and the book fills a critical void that now exists as a book of similar nature has not been published in the last 15 years. Researchers and clinicians with an interest in Parkinson's Disease and related disorders, as well as toxicologists, graduate students, and the general public who are interested in the contribution of environmental factors to neurological dysfunction are among the readership for this book.”

Download or read book Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in the Degeneration of Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson s Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The experiments performed during the second grant period were designed to investigate the role of arachidonic acid (AA) release and metabolism in the toxicity caused by the depletion of GSH in primary mesencephalic cultures. Our experiments demonstrated that: (1) Inhibition of phospholipase A2, which decreases AA release, and inhibition of lipoxygenease, which prevents AA metabolism, protect cells from the toxicity of GSH depletion. (2) We confirmed the AA release is increased during GSH depletion. (3) We showed that exogenous AA is toxic to GSH depleted cells. (5) We demonstrated that products of AA metabolism cause damage to cells, when depleted of GSH. The toxicity of AA is also prevented by inhibition of lipoxygenase, further supporting a role of AA in GSH depletion induced cell death. In summary, our studies provide evidence that depletion of GSH can increase the release and metabolism of AA and that toxic oxygen free radicals produced during AA metabolism, and in particular superoxide, are responsible for GSH depletion induced cell death. A characteristic of Parkinson's disease is GSH depletion in the brain. Our study provides information on the events that lead to toxicity and could help in the design of therapeutic intervention in Parkinson's disease.

Download or read book P38 Signaling Pathway written by Ana Cuenda and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: p38 Mitogen activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) are a group of evolutionary conserved protein kinases which are central for cell adaptation to environmental changes as well as for immune response, inflammation, tissue regeneration and tumour formation. The interest in this group of protein kinases has grown continually since their discovery. Recent studies using new genetic and pharmacological tools are providing helpful information on the function of these stress-activated protein kinases and show that they have an acute impact on the development of prevalent diseases related to inflammation, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer. In this Special Issue we present novel advances and review the knowledge on the identification of p38MAPK substrates, functions, and regulation; mechanisms underlying the role of p38MAPK in malignant transformation and other pathologies; and therapeutic opportunities associated with regulation of p38MAPK activity.

Download or read book Behavioral Neurobiology of Huntington s Disease and Parkinson s Disease written by Hoa Huu Phuc Nguyen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-23 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment are major symptoms in both Huntington’s Disease (HD) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD). A breakthrough in HD research was the identification of the gene that causes this devastating monogenetic illness. Similarly, several genes were found to cause familial forms of PD. With their identification, a plethora of genetic animal models has been generated and has revolutionized the understanding of the pathobiology and pathophysiology of these disorders. The models allow us to study the earliest manifestations of the diseases behaviorally and neuropathologically and help us understand how they progress over time. Additionally, neurotoxic animal models are still of high interest to the PD field, as they are being used to study e.g. mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. This book focuses on animal models of both diseases and how they have helped and will continue to help understand the behavioral neurobiology in these disorders.

Download or read book Integrative Approach to Parkinson s Disease written by Hi-Joon Park and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Download or read book Etiology of Parkinson s Disease written by Jonas H. Ellenberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-03-01 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference provides a detailed overview of current concepts regarding the cause of Parkinson's disease-emphasizing the issues involved in the design, implementation, and analysis of epidemiological studies of parkinsonism.

Download or read book Investigating the Role of Prostaglandin E2 Mediated Neuroinflammation in Models of Neurodegeneration written by Suraj Pradhan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parkinson's Disease (PD) pathophysiology is primarily characterized by the accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates of alpha-synuclein and degeneration of neurons throughout the CNS, in particular the dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The mechanisms driving these processes, however, remain poorly understood. Recent studies have identified non cell-autonomous mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress as major contributors to disease pathology in various neurodegenerative diseases including PD. Neurotoxicity in PD patients and animal models of PD is accompanied by significant increases in microgliosis and astrocytosis. Reactive microglia and astrocytes influence the local tissue environment by secreting inflammatory factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. These inflammatory mediators have been suggested to promote the aggregation of alpha-synuclein in vitro and result in secondary neurotoxicity to DA neurons in vivo. Consistent with these observations, inhibiting inflammation is neuroprotective in animal models of Parkinsonism and may exert preventive effects in human PD. Previous data from our lab and others have shown that different prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors amplify or dampen microglial inflammation in a disease setting. In this dissertation I investigated the contribution of PGE2 mediated inflammatory processes to neurodegeneration in mouse models of Parkinsonism. I focused on two receptors, the EP2 and EP4 receptor, which are expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. To probe the role of EP2 and EP4 in an inflammatory context, I stimulated microglia with oligomeric alpha-synuclein in vitro and injected mice with the neurotoxin MPTP in vivo. I used receptor agonists and antagonists to inhibit or activate the EP receptors and utilized the Cre-loxP genetic strategy to conditionally knock-out the receptors from specific cell types in the brain. My results show that PGE2 promotes neuroinflammation through the microglial EP2 receptor, and conversely suppresses it through the microglial EP4 receptor. Specifically, activating microglial EP2 increases the production of pro-inflammatory factors in vitro, and deleting microglial EP2 reduces MPTP associated microgliosis and astrocytosis in vivo. On the other hand, activating microglial EP4 suppresses the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and ROS in vitro, and deleting microglial EP4 enhances MPTP associated microgliosis, astrocytosis, and infiltration of T-cells in vivo. Furthermore, systemically treating animals with an EP4 receptor agonist exerts a neuroprotective effect in the MPTP model. These results suggest that EP receptors may be potential therapeutic drug-targets for the treatment of PD and associated neurodegenerative diseases. My work shows that PGE2 is a critical inflammatory signaling molecule that plays a context-dependent and cell-specific role in neurodegeneration. My results support the hypothesis that the EP2 receptor plays a pro-inflammatory role while the EP4 receptor plays an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective role in models of Parkinsonism. Understanding the contribution of PGE2 to the progression of Parkinsonian pathology has given us novel insights into the mechanisms of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.