Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Digestive Diseases written by Toshikazu Yoshikawa and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1980s, biochemists and biologists were attracted by the role of reactive oxygen species in the irreversible damage or modification of the structure of biological molecules. However, in the 1990s, reactive oxygen species have been recognized to be involved in reversible structural alterations of molecules: The homeostatic modulation of oxidant levels is a highly efficient mechanism that allows all cells to tightly control their redox status within a very narrow range. Especially the activity of the Rel/NF-kB family of transcriptional factors that regulate responses in inflammation, reperfusion injury and apoptosis is controlled by intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Our understanding of how these transcriptional factors are negatively or positively regulated by oxidative stress has since greatly increased. Questions for future investigation center on the modulation of oxidative stress by personal genome information for the prevention of several pathologic states.
Download or read book Free Radical Biology in Digestive Diseases written by Yuji Naito and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing body of experimental and clinical data to suggest that the organs of the digestive system may be subjected to considerable oxidative stress associated with acute and chronic inflammation. Although inflammation and ischemia play a key role in producing oxygen-derived free radicals in the digestive tract, the contribution of other factors, such as transition metal imbalances, lipid and glucose metabolic disturbance, and the interaction with gaseous molecules including nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, has also been suggested. Recent studies have demonstrated that several biomarkers indicating oxidative stress-mediated damage may help in monitoring the degree of disease and planning the design of new therapeutic strategies. In addition, recent advances in 'omics' research (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.) may bring a breakthrough in the field of gastroenterology and hepatology: Several molecular targets for oxidative stress have been presented by the 'omics'. This book includes up-to-date reviews on the relevant issues in free radical biology in a combination with expert basic research reviews and clinical aspects in gastroenterology and hepatology. Providing information about new molecular targets for the treatment or prevention of digestive diseases, this book should be read by clinical and basic researchers in gastroenterology and hepatology.
Download or read book Gastrointestinal Tissue written by Jordi Gracia-Sancho and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-05-10 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gastrointestinal Tissue: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants brings together leading experts from world renowned institutions, combining the basic mechanisms of gastrointestinal diseases with information regarding new and alternative treatments. The processes within the science of oxidative stress are described in concert with other processes, including apoptosis, cell signaling and receptor mediated responses, further recognizing that diseases are often multifactorial with oxidative stress as a component. By combining the critical molecular processes underlying free radical mediated pathologies and the role of dietary antioxidant molecules, a connection is made that helps advance therapies and the prevention of gastrointestinal pathological processes. This important reference is well designed with two complementary sections. Section One, Oxidative Stress and Gastroenterology, covers the basic processes of oxidative stress from molecular biology to whole organs, the gastrointestinal anatomy and sources of oxidative stress and free radicals and their products in gastrointestinal diseases. Section Two, Antioxidants and Gastroenterology covers antioxidants in foods, including plants and components. Covers the science of oxidative stress in gastrointestinal tissue and associated conditions and scenarios Provides information on optimal levels for human consumption of antioxidants, suggested requirements per day, recommended dietary allowances and curative/preventive effects of dietary antioxidants Presents an easy to reference guide with two complementary sections that discuss the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal diseases in relation to oxidative stress and antioxidant therapies
Download or read book Novel Prospects in Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress written by Pinar Atukeren and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of various diseases when there is a disruption of the intracellular redox balance and the homeostatic balance between cellular oxidants and antioxidants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) react with molecular targets including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids contributing to mitochondrial injury and cellular dysfunction. This book intends to provide the readers with an extensive overview of the novel approaches and prospects based on oxidative and nitrosative stress in the pathophysiology of various diseases and in the current treatment strategies with antioxidants.
Download or read book Glutathione System and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease written by and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses determines a state known as oxidative stress. Higher levels of pro-oxidants compared to antioxidant defenses may generate oxidative damage, which, in turn, may lead to modifications in cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA, reducing functional capacity and increasing the risk of diseases. Nevertheless, the clearance of harmful reactive chemical species is achieved by the antioxidant defense systems. These protection systems are referred to as the first and second lines of defense and comprise the classic antioxidants, enzymatic and nonenzymatic defenses, including glutathione. This book presents and discusses the advancement of research on health and diseases and their underlying mechanisms, exploring mainly aspects related to the glutathione antioxidant system.
Download or read book Flavonoids and Related Compounds written by Jeremy P. E. Spencer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flavonoids exert a multiplicity of biological effects on humans and can have beneficial implications for numerous disease states. Flavonoids and Related Compounds: Bioavailability and Function examines current knowledge regarding the absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability of individual flavonoids and related phenolic compounds. Profiling
Download or read book What Doesn t Kill Us Makes Us Stronger written by Borut Poljsak and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidative stress, which is caused by endogenous and exogenous reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) formation, may significantly affect health-span and longevity. Endogenous oxidative stress could be attenuated in two ways: by the reduction of ROS formation and by quenching ROS with antioxidants. Numerous results of clinical trials in which individuals received one or more synthetic antioxidants failed to demonstrate conclusive benefits of antioxidant supplementation. Even oral supplementation with endogenous antioxidant enzymes cannot alter the antioxidant balance due to their degradation in the digestive system. Likewise, life-span or health-span is not increased significantly in genetically modified models overexpressing antioxidant enzymes. An alternative approach to attenuate the ROS-induced stress/damage may be through triggering an adaptive stress response in order to increase the endogenous antioxidant and damage repair processes. Moderate stress induced by CR, physical activity or mimetic compounds may induce such activation of endogenous antioxidative defence and cellular repair processes. These processes may increase cellular resistance to subsequent more severe stress and do not seem to interfere with ROS-dependent cellular signalling.
Download or read book Colonic Diseases written by Timothy R. Koch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-04-30 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Scientification of Gastroenterology During the 20th Century * Science contributes to medicine in three ways: It provides a body of relatively secure knowl edge. Some of that knowledge has been applied to develop technologies which have had a major impact upon the practice and effectiveness of medicine. Last, science offers to medicine a way of thinking. - 1. McCormick [(1993) The Contribution of Science to Medicine. Perspect. Bioi. Med. 16,315.] Awareness of the digestive system began with the dawn of civilization, when man, observing the feeding habits of animals in the surrounding environment, experimented with foods, edible and inedible. Identity came with discoveries of the digestive organs during the 16th and 17th centuries. Function was revealed by physiologic studies of digestion, absorp tion and secretion, metabolism, and motility during the 18th and 19th centuries. Diagnostic access improved with the technological advances of the 20th century. Understanding of gas trointestinal (GI) disease followed the growth of the basic sciences and gastroenterology's involvement in scientific research during the latter half of the 20th century. Early in the 20th century, gastroenterology was yet an undefined activity without clinical or scientific guidelines. Diagnostic approach to the digestive tract was minimal. Valid con cepts of disease were lacking. Visceroptosis, sitophobia, and "colonic autointoxication" were common "diagnoses." Therapeutic resources were scarce.
Download or read book Oxidative Stress in Microbial Diseases written by Sajal Chakraborti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses recent advances in our understanding of the role of oxidants in microbial pathophysiology, providing valuable insights into the complex role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in host-microbial interactions. The various chapters take readers through the function of ROS in infections ranging from viral to bacterial, and describe how microorganisms have developed complex strategies to not only avoid contact with phagocyte-derived oxidants, but also protect themselves from injury when oxidants are encountered. Featuring the latest research in the field of microbial diseases, this timely book is a ready reference for scientists looking to develop new anti-microbial drugs.
Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases written by Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work responds to the need to find, in a sole document, the affect of oxidative stress at different levels, as well as treatment with antioxidants to revert and diminish the damage. Oxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases - a Role for Antioxidants is written for health professionals by researchers at diverse educative institutions (Mexico, Brazil, USA, Spain, Australia, and Slovenia). I would like to underscore that of the 19 chapters, 14 are by Mexican researchers, which demonstrates the commitment of Mexican institutions to academic life and to the prevention and treatment of chronic degenerative diseases.
Download or read book Alcoholic non alcoholic Digestive Diseases written by Hitoshi Yoshiji and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the latest advances concerning the molecular mechanisms of and therapeutic strategies for alcohol- and non-alcohol-related digestive diseases. Alcohol abuse causes not only liver injury but can harm various organs, resulting in esophageal and colorectal cancers, GERD, pancreatitis, etc. Similar to alcoholic abuse, metabolic syndrome based on obesity and diabetes is also strongly associated with the development of various digestive diseases. Although these diseases may be differentiated by the presence or absence of alcohol intake, the pathologic findings and pathogenesis reveal a number of similarities. This volume covers clinical and basic approaches for esophageal, gastric, hepatic, colorectal and pancreatic diseases associated with alcohol abuse and metabolic syndrome; further, it discusses the roles of microbiota, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, the critical factors causing alcoholic and metabolic digestive diseases. Also, it showcases new pathological and therapeutic perspectives in gastric and pancreatic cancers. Alcoholic/Non-Alcoholic Digestive Diseases will provide invaluable information for doctors specializing in gastroenterology and hepatology and researchers seeking new research on digestive diseases based on alcohol consumption and obesity.
Download or read book Colitis Associated Cancer written by Masato Kusunoki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the number of patients with colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is on the increase, the purpose of this book is to review the latest topics concerning management of the disease. In recent years, the diagnostic power of endoscopy and molecular pathology has also grown tremendously, as a result of which they now have a far greater influence on the treatment of CAC. At the moment, appropriate monitoring programs for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease remain uncertain. At the same time, the latest findings on DNA methylation and microRNAs hold the promise of making revolutionary changes in these areas. Moreover, recent drug advances in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases have changed surgical indications. On the other hand, the indication of mucosectomy on colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis and prophylactic abdominoperineal resection for Crohn’s disease remain controversial. This book provides the latest information on the remaining issues of CAC from the point of view of expert surgeons.
Download or read book Fate of Antioxidants in Gut and Interaction of Gut Metabolites and Gut Microbiota written by Baojun Xu and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely accepted that antioxidants can help in disease prevention by effectively quenching free radicals or inhibiting damage caused by oxidative stress. However, the final fate of antioxidants in the gut, how antioxidant metabolites affect gut microbiota, and how gut microbiota affect the metabolism of antioxidants are not fully understood. This Special Issue collected the latest research findings and review articles, bringing together current research and critical thinking on the fate of phytochemical antioxidants in the gut and the role antioxidant gut metabolites play in reducing oxidative stress in various gut and metabolic diseases. Both in vitro and in vivo studies relating to any of the following topics will be considered: fate of antioxidants in the gut; antioxidative activities of phytochemicals in the digestive system; molecular mechanisms of phytochemical antioxidants in maintaining gut health; and interactions of antioxidant metabolites and gut microbiota.
Download or read book Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle written by Abraham Z. Reznick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free radicals and oxidative damage in biology and medicine: An introduction.- Oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle.- Strategies to assess oxidative stress.- The course of exercise-induced skeletal muscle fibre injury.- Free radical mechanisms in exercise-related muscle damage.- The effects of exercise, ageing and caloric restriction on protein oxidation and DNA damage in skeletal muscle.- Antioxidant enzyme response to exercise and training in the skeletal muscle.- Glutathione: A key role in skeletal muscle metabolism.- Vitamin E and its effect on skeletal muscle.- Differential susceptibility of skeletal muscle proteins to free radical-induced oxidative damage in vitro.- Oxidative stress and Ca2+ transport in skeletal and cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.- Oxidative stress in skeletal muscle atrophy induced by immobilization.- Effect of growth hormone on oxidative stress in immobilized muscles of old animals.- The diaphragm and oxidative stress.- Oxidative damage after ischemia/reperfusion in skeletal muscle.- Oxidative damage in rat skeletal muscle after excessive L-tryptophan and atherogenic diets.- Oxidative stress and muscle wasting of cachexia.- Free radicals and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of alcoholic myopathy.- Drug-induced muscle damage.- Free radicals and diseases of animal muscle.- Therapeutic trials of antioxidants in muscle diseases.
Download or read book Gastritis and Gastric Cancer written by Paola Tonino and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive overview of invited contributions on Helicobacter pylori infection in gastritis and gastric carcinogenesis. The first part of the book covers topics related to the pathophysiology of gastric mucosal defense system and gastritis including the gastroprotective function of the mucus, the capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves and the oxidative stress pathway involved in inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy in H. pylori related gastritis. The next chapters deal with molecular pathogenesis and treatment, which consider the role of neuroendocrine cells in gastric disease, DNA methylation in H. pylori infection, the role of antioxidants and phytotherapy in gastric disease. The final part presents the effects of cancer risk factors associated with H. pylori infection. These chapters discuss the serum pepsinogen test, K-ras mutations, cell kinetics, and H. pylori lipopolysaccharide, as well as the roles of several bacterial genes (cagA, cagT, vacA and dupA) as virulence factors in gastric cancer, and the gastrokine-1 protein in cancer progression.
Download or read book Alcoholic Non Alcoholic Digestive Diseases written by Hitoshi Yoshiji and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-11 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the latest advances concerning the molecular mechanisms of and therapeutic strategies for alcohol- and non-alcohol-related digestive diseases. Alcohol abuse causes not only liver injury but can harm various organs, resulting in esophageal and colorectal cancers, GERD, pancreatitis, etc. Similar to alcoholic abuse, metabolic syndrome based on obesity and diabetes is also strongly associated with the development of various digestive diseases. Although these diseases may be differentiated by the presence or absence of alcohol intake, the pathologic findings and pathogenesis reveal a number of similarities. This volume covers clinical and basic approaches for esophageal, gastric, hepatic, colorectal and pancreatic diseases associated with alcohol abuse and metabolic syndrome; further, it discusses the roles of microbiota, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, the critical factors causing alcoholic and metabolic digestive diseases. Also, it showcases new pathological and therapeutic perspectives in gastric and pancreatic cancers. Alcoholic/Non-Alcoholic Digestive Diseases will provide invaluable information for doctors specializing in gastroenterology and hepatology and researchers seeking new research on digestive diseases based on alcohol consumption and obesity.
Download or read book Colonic Motility written by Sushil K. Sarna and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.
