Download or read book Oxidative Neural Injury written by Sigrid C. Veasey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-28 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty-five years ago, Earl R. Stadtman, PhD discovered that specific enzymes regulating metabolism can be inactivated by oxidation [1]. He later showed that age-related oxidative modification contributes, at least in part, to age-related loss of function of the enzymes [2, 3]. Dr. Stadtman broke the ground for a new field of study to discover how oxidative stress contributes in significant ways to age-related cellular dysfunction and protein accumulation and that oxidation in the aging brain influences Alzheimer’s disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and lifespan [4–6]. Today, his research and mentorship have positively influenced the work of hundreds of scientists in this field. We dedicate this book to Dr. Earl R. Stadtman (1912–2008), in celebration of his passion for science and his superior collaborative and mentorship skills. This book is comprised of three sections. The first describes the valuable roles reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play in cellular biology. The second section provides an overview of redox imbalance injury with effects on mitochondria, signaling, endoplasmic reticular function, and on aging in general. The third section takes these mechanisms to neurodegenerative disorders and provides a state-of-the-art look at the roles redox imbalances play in age-related susceptibility to disease and in the disease processes. In the first section we attempt to answer a question posed by Dr. Stadtman, ‘‘Why have cells selected reactive oxygen species to regulate cell signaling events’’ [7].

Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Damage in Neurology written by Natan Gadoth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-19 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of free radicals and oxidative stress in neurological disorders has only recently been recognized, leaving clinical neurologists to seek in vain for information on the subject even in major textbooks. What published information there is may consist of brief reminders of the possible association of superoxidase dismutase with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and nitrous oxide with migraine. With luck they may also find information on the purported role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury. Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Damage in Neurology sets the record straight, focusing on clinical and research issues regarding the interplay of free radicals and the human nervous system. Crucially, the chapters cover numerous antioxidants and their possible therapeutic role in neurological disorders. Key illnesses such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s are analyzed, and chapters also examine more general issues such as the link between free radicals and inflammation of the central nervous system. Clinicians and laboratory researchers alike will find that this book augments their understanding not only of the widespread involvement of free radicals in the central nervous system but also of some uncertainties surrounding whether free radical damage in neurology plays a primary or secondary role.

Download or read book Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to one-third of combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to some estimates. TBI is also a major problem among civilians, especially those who engage in certain sports. At the request of the Department of Defense, the IOM examined the potential role of nutrition in the treatment of and resilience against TBI.

Download or read book Brain Aging written by David R. Riddle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-19 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition that aging is not the accumulation of disease, but rather comprises fundamental biological processes that are amenable to experimental study, is the basis for the recent growth of experimental biogerontology. As increasingly sophisticated studies provide greater understanding of what occurs in the aging brain and how these changes occur

Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disorders written by G. Ali Qureshi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-22 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance in pro-oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis that leads to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Brain cells are continuously exposed to reactive oxygen species generated by oxidative metabolism, and in certain pathological conditions defense mechanisms against oxygen radicals may be weakened and/or overwhelmed. DNA is a potential target for oxidative damage, and genomic damage can contribute to neuropathogenesis. It is important therefore to identify tools for the quantitative analysis of DNA damage in models on neurological disorders. This book presents detailed information on various neurodegenerative disorders and their connection with oxidative stress. This information will provide clinicians with directions to treat these disorders with appropriate therapy and is also of vital importance for the drug industries for the design of new drugs for treatment of degenerative disorders. * Contains the latest information on the subject of neurodegenerative disorders* Reflects on various factors involved in degeneration and gives suggestions for how to tackle these problems

Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches has been disappointingly slow. Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury attempts to integrate expertise from across specialties to address knowledge gaps in the field of TBI. Its chapters cover a wide scope of TBI research in five broad areas: Epidemiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Current treatment strategies and sequelae Future therapies Specific topics discussed include the societal impact of TBI in both the civilian and military populations, neurobiology and molecular mechanisms of axonal and neuronal injury, biomarkers of traumatic brain injury and their relationship to pathology, neuroplasticity after TBI, neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapy, advanced neuroimaging of mild TBI, neurocognitive and psychiatric symptoms following mild TBI, sports-related TBI, epilepsy and PTSD following TBI, and more. The book integrates the perspectives of experts across disciplines to assist in the translation of new ideas to clinical practice and ultimately to improve the care of the brain injured patient.

Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection written by S.H. Parvez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with basic and clinical aspects of monoamine oxidase (MAO) subtypes A and B highlighting its importance in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Consequently the therapeutic actions of MAO-A and -B inhibitors in Parkinson’s disease (PK) and depression are the focus of several chapters. As MAO is the basis of the development of the "oxidative stress hypothesis" of PD, several chapters are devoted to iron and iron-induced oxidative stress in various experimental studies and clinical conditions. Based on these findings, new compounds have been developed which not only block MAO, but are in addition, either inhibitors of acetylcholine esterase or have iron chelating properties. The aspect of "preclinical" and "clinical" neuro protection as well as MAO neuroprotection are additional topics covered in this book. MAO, iron and neuroprotection are seen in the framework of general anti Parkinson’s therapy with chapters on levodopa, dopaminergic receptor agonists and clinical issues.

Download or read book Cerebral Vasospasm written by Talat Kiris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-22 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume is the current final word on the subject. It contains more than 90 papers, giving a summary of clinical and basic studies on cerebral vasospasm. It includes reviews by leading researchers in the field. Several new subjects are proposed for future research that will not only promote research from neurosurgery and neurology but also from other interconnecting fields of emergency medicine, electrophysiology, molecular biology, and vascular biology.

Download or read book Metals and Oxidative Damage in Neurological Disorders written by James R. Connor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to bring together scientists and clinicians interested in oxidative injury in the nervous system but whose approaches to investigation and treatment design vary widely. Indeed the goal of this book is to show that the investiga tive approaches and potential therapeutic interventions perhaps do not vary as widely as some may think. I think that the readers of this book will not read it from front to back, but will pick chapters of interest. Thus, the chapters are organized to contain information that is essential to understanding basic aspects of oxidative injury, and thus have some redundancy. However, within the context of each chapter the reader should hopefully find impetus and direction to go on to another chapter. The book is divided into three seetions. The first section contains reviews of metals and their role in generating oxidative injury. lron is considered in three of these chapters because of its relative abundance in the brain and its potency in inducing free radicals. The second section focuses on mechanisms by which the brain attempts to protect itself from oxidative injury. Some of these mechanisms have the potential to be protective in some situations and potentiaIly damaging in others. The third section contains the clinicaI diseases in which oxidative injury is known to contribute to the pathogenic process. This seetion ends with a chapter on antioxidant therapeutic strate gies in neurological disorders.

Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Protection written by Donald Armstrong and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Protection: The Science of Free Radical Biology and Disease Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Protection begins with a historical perspective of pioneers in oxidative stress with an introductory section that explains the basic principles related to oxidative stress in biochemistry and molecular biology, demonstrating both pathways and biomarkers. This section also covers diagnostic imaging and differential diagnostics. The following section covers psychological, physiologic, pharmacologic and pathologic correlates. This section addresses inheritance, gender, nutrition, obesity, family history, behavior modification, natural herbal-botanical products, and supplementation in the treatment of disease. Clinical trials are also summarized for major medical disorders and efficacy of treatment, with particular focus on inflammation, immune response, recycling, disease progression, outcomes and interventions. Each of the chapters describes what biomarker(s) and physiological functions may be relevant to a concept of specific disease and potential alternative therapy. The chapters cover medical terminology, developmental change, effects of aging, senescence, lifespan, and wound healing, and also illustrates cross-over exposure to other fields. The final chapter covers how and when to interpret appropriate data used in entry level biostatistics and epidemiology. Authored and edited by leaders in the field, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Protection will be an invaluable resource for students and researchers studying cell biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry, as well professionals in various health science fields.

Download or read book Novel Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Oxidative Stress written by Pawan Kumar Maurya and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-02-18 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Oxidative Stress investigates the role of oxidative stress in disease and explores the latest methods and approaches to targeting oxidative stress for treatment and diagnosis. The book begins with an introduction to oxidative stress and its significance. Subsequent sections cover biochemical methods for detecting free radicals and novel therapeutic approaches for targeting oxidative stress in a number of different diseases. This includes age-related illnesses, neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Novel approaches for targeting oxidative stress in cancer and cardiovascular diseases are also explored. The book then moves on to discuss advances in drug delivery systems and detecting oxidative stress biomarkers using biosensors. It concludes with case studies that illustrate the targeting of oxidative stress and future perspectives. Explores oxidative stress in a variety of diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, age-related diseases, and cancer Covers a range of therapeutic approaches to target oxidative stress Includes chapters on the application of novel drug delivery systems and diagnostic biosensors to oxidative stress Features case studies illustrating the targeting of oxidative stress

Download or read book Magnesium in the Central Nervous System written by Robert Vink and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.

Download or read book Alzheimer s Disease Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Amyloid beta written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-22 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major thrusts of present-day clinical research, strongly supported by more fimdamental cellular, biochemical, immunological and structural studies. It is these latter that receive attention within this book. This compilation of 20 chapters indicates the diversity of work currently in progress and summarizes the current state of knowledge. Experienced authors who are scientifically active in their fields of study have been selected as contributors to this book, in an attempt to present a reasonably complete survey of the field. Inevitably, some exciting topics for one reason or another have not been included, for which we can only apologize. Standardization of terminology is often a problem in science, not least in the Alzheimer field; editorial effort has been made to achieve standardization between the Chapters, but some minor yet acceptable personal / author variation is still present, i. e. P-amyloid/amyloid-P; Ap42/Apl-42/APi. 42! The book commences with a broad survey of the contribution that the range of available microscopical techniques has made to the study of Alzheimer's amyloid plaques and amyloid fibrillogenesis. This chapter also serves as an Introduction to the book, since several of the topics introduced here are expanded upon in later chapters. Also, it is significant to the presence of this chapter that the initial discovery of brain plaques, by Alois Alzheimer, utilized light microscopy, a technique that continues to be extremely valuable in present-day AD research.

Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Vascular Disease written by John F. Keaney Jr. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-12-31 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major biomedical triumphs of the post-World War II era was the defmitive demonstration that hypercholesterolemia is a key causative factor in atherosclerosis; that hypercholesterolemia can be effectively treated; and that treatment significantly reduces not only coronary disease mortality but also all cause mortality. Treatment to lower plasma levels of cholesterol - primarily low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol - is now accepted as best medical practice and both physicians and patients are being educated to take aggressive measures to lower LDL. We can confidently look forward to important decreases in the toll of coronary artery disease over the coming decades. However, there is still uncertainty as to the exact mechanisms by which elevated plasma cholesterol and LDL levels initiate and favor the progression of lesions. There is general consensus that one of the earliest responses to hypercholesterolemia is the adhesion of monocytes to aortic endothelial cells followed by their penetration into the subendothelial space, where they differentiate into macrophages. These cells, and also medial smooth muscle cells that have migrated into the subendothelial space, then become loaded with mUltiple, large droplets of cholesterol esters . . . the hallmark of the earliest visible atherosclerotic lesion, the so-called fatty streak. This lesion is the precursor of the more advanced lesions, both in animal models and in humans. Thus the centrality of hypercholesterolemia cannot be overstated. Still, the atherogenic process is complex and evolves over a long period of time.

Download or read book The Role of Oxidative Stress in Neuronal Death written by Irene Ceballos-Picot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines current knowledge and recent advances in the study of fundamental processes involved in neuronal death, particularly oxidative stress as a causal agent or risk factor. The author presents discussion of oxidative stress in neuronal apoptosis and its role in the neuropathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases exemplified by Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Download or read book The Molecular Biology of Down Syndrome written by G. Lubec and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-12-02 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains updated reviews and original research work on Down Syndrome focussing on brandnew results in neurobiology, in particular results on gene hunting (subtractive hybridization, differential display) and neurochemistry. The book provides new data such as a subtractive library of Down Syndrome brain showing cDNAs that are overexpressed or downregulated and can be regarded as a source for further research on the preliminary transcriptional data given. A 2D-electrophoretic map of human brain proteins including Down Syndrome brain protein expression established by in-gel-digestion of spots with subsequent MALDI-identification provides the scientific basis for protein work to the neuroscientist. Altogether, the book provides a series of new candidate genes possibly involved in Down Syndrome neurobiology, tools for neuroscience studies on Down Syndrome brain thus serving as a manual and updated views and aspects on Down Syndrome pathobiology.

Download or read book Central Nervous System Trauma written by S. Tsuyoshi Ohnishi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-07-27 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central nervous system trauma, which encompasses stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, head injury, and spinal cord injury, is a leading cause of death in developed countries. In the search for underlying mechanisms, membrane involvement has been the common link. This fourth volume in the Membrane-Linked Diseases series is therefore dedicated to research on CNS trauma. Focusing on the mechanism of membrane damage, Central Nervous System Trauma: Research Techniques presents a variety of experimental techniques to study the mechanism of CNS trauma. Animal and tissue culture models provide the bulk of the research findings in this area. Possible pharmacological interventions are analyzed. This volume offers numerous illustrative examples, including full color figures. This book serves as a valuable resource for students and researchers, assisting in the comprehension of current trends in CNS trauma and helping to stimulate the discovery of new research areas.