Download or read book Oxidation specific Epitopes are Targets of Innate Natural Antibodies written by Meng-Yun Sandy Chou and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by the accumulation of oxidized lipoproteins and apoptotic cells, both containing various "oxidation-specific" neoepitopes. Adaptive immune responses to oxidation-specific epitopes have been shown to play an important role in atherogenesis. However, accumulating evidence suggests that these epitopes are also recognized by components of innate immunity, such as scavenger receptors on macrophages, as well as natural antibodies (NAbs). NAbs are mostly of the IgM isotype which are selected by evolution and represent the humoral arc of innate immunity. In my thesis, I provide multiple lines of evidence that oxidation-specific epitopes constitute a dominant, previously unrecognized target of NAbs in both mice and humans. For example, using reconstituted mice expressing solely IgM NAbs, I showed that ~ 30% of all NAbs bind to model oxidation epitopes, as well as to atherosclerotic lesions and apoptotic cells. Similar observations were made for human natural IgM Abs. Because oxidative processes are ubiquitous, these epitopes might exert selective pressure to expand NAbs, which in turn may play an important role in mediating homeostatic functions consequent to inflammation and cell death. This is demonstrated by the ability of NAbs to facilitate apoptotic cell clearance. These findings provide novel insights into the functions of NAbs in mediating host homeostasis and into their roles in health and diseases, which may lead to novel diagnostic and possibly therapeutic approaches to deal with consequences of oxidative stress such as atherogenesis.
Download or read book Naturally Occurring Antibodies NAbs written by Hans U. Lutz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-19 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume illustrates the functional properties of NAbs. Authors from pioneering groups report in their chapters on the tissue homeostatic, tissue regenerating and regulatory properties of NAbs and NAbs in pooled human IgG. Scientists interested in the regulation and modulation of components of the immune system found a whole variety of NAbs to cytokines with regulatory and protective functions and NAbs that modulate, e.g., dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, B cells and granulocytes. Considering the large plasma pools and initial difficulties in preparing IVIG that does not induce adverse effects upon infusion into recipients, this volume ends with a historical chapter on how pooled human plasma was fractionated and the IgG component pretreated for a safe intravenous application.
Download or read book Autoantibodies written by Yehuda Shoenfeld and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the occurrence of antibodies reacting with self-constituents of the body. The fully updated third edition of Autoantibodies is an in-depth review of the main autoantibodies identified up to now, with particular emphasis on those that display a diagnostic or prognostic clinical value. The new edition covers recent scientific advances, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic technologies. Each chapter is focused on a single family of autoantibodies. This important reference contains historical notes, definitions, origins and sources of antigens recognized genetic associations, mediated pathogenic mechanisms, methods of detection, as well as clinical utility (disease prevalence and association, diagnostic value, sensitivity and specificity, prognostic value). This is an ideal reference for anyone involved in the field of autoimmune diseases. Presents all known, important autoantibodies in a single source, focusing on the antibodies needed for autoimmune disorder diagnosis Includes clinical applications for each autoantibody along with general information Organized by disease and disorder type, by autoantibody family, and completely cross-referenced
Download or read book The Roles of Lipids in Immunometabolism The Crosstalk Between Lipid Metabolisms and Inflammation written by Yiliang Chen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-07-18 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Antibody Activity written by Falk Nimmerjahn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the function of antibodies in vivo. Recent years have seen an exponential growth in knowledge about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of antibody activity. These new results dramatically changed our view of how antibodies function in vivo. The importance of this class of molecules is demonstrated by the heightened susceptibility to infections of humans and mice with an altered capacity to generate pathogen specific antibody responses. Thus, the majority of our currently available vaccines, such as vaccines against influenza, measles and hepatitis focus on the generation of long lasting antibody responses. Recent evidence from a variety of in vivo model systems and from human patient cohorts has highlighted the exclusive role of cellular Fc-receptors for certain immunoglobulin isotypes and subclasses. With the recent discovery of a human Fc-receptor for IgM all different human immunoglobulin isotypes now have a cellular receptor, providing a feedback mechanism and link between antibodies and the cellular components of the immune system. Moreover it has become clear the complement and Fc-receptor system are tightly connected and regulate each other to ensure a well balanced immune response. Among the immunoglobulin isotypes IgG plays a very important protective role against microbial infections and also as a therapeutic agent to kill tumor cells or autoantibody producing B cells in autoimmune disease. Transfer of our knowledge about the crucial function of Fc-receptors has led to the production of a second generation of therapeutic antibodies with enhanced binding to this class of receptors. Binding of antibodies to Fc-receptors leads to the recruitment of the potent pro-inflammatory effector functions of cells from the innate immune system. Hence, Fc-receptors link the innate and adaptive immune system, emphasizing the importance of both arms of the immune system and their crosstalk during anti-microbial immune responses. Besides this pro-inflammatory activity immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules are long known to also have an anti-inflammatory function. This is demonstrated by the use of high dose intravenous immunoglobulins as a therapeutic agent in many human autoimmune diseases. During the past five years several new insights into the molecular and cellular pathways of this anti-inflammatory activity were gained radically changing our view of IgG function in vivo. Several lines of evidence suggest that the sugar moiety attached to the IgG molecule is responsible for these opposing activities and may be seen as a molecular switch enabling the immune system to change IgG function from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory activity. There is convincing evidence in mice and humans that aberrant IgG glycosylation could be an important new pathway for understanding the impaired antibody activity during autoimmune disease. Besides this tremendous increase in basic knowledge about factors influencing immunoglobulin activity the book will also provide insights into how these new insights might help to generate novel therapeutic approaches to enhance IgG activity for tumor therapy on the one hand, and how to block the self-destructive activity of IgG autoantibodies during autoimmune disease on the other hand.
Download or read book Recent Advances in Veterinary Immunology Concepts and Methodology written by Armin Saalmueller and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). We hereby state publicly that the IUIS has had no editorial input in articles included in this Research Topic, thus ensuring that all aspects of this Research Topic are evaluated objectively, unbiased by any specific policy or opinion of the IUIS.
Download or read book Immune and Autoimmune Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease written by Dennis Wolf and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-08 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Inhibitory Receptors in Inflammation and Cancer written by Ali A. Zarrin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topic Editor Dr. Monteiro is the co-founder of Inatherys. Topic Editor Dr. Zarrin declares no conflict of interest with regard to the Research Topic theme.
Download or read book The Role of Immunometabolism in Autoimmune Mediated and Autoinflammatory Disorders written by Valentina Pucino and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-25 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Immunoglobulin Glycosylation Analysis State of the Art Methods and Applications in Immunology written by Irena Trbojević-Akmačić and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-14 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Immunodynamics of cardiorespiratory disease written by Szandor Simmons and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-05-24 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Antibodies in Health and Disease written by Ana Maria Hernandez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural antibodies (NAbs) are found in normal individuals in the absence of exogenous antigenic stimulation. Natural antibodies rapidly recognize and protect against pathogens that have not been previously encountered. NAbs also cross-react with several self-antigens, which, besides their role as a first line of defense against pathogens, affords them the ability to perform important housekeeping functions in healthy organisms. Such housekeeping functions include the clearance of oxidized damaged structures and/or apoptotic cells, which prevents the induction of pro-inflammatory effects. In addition, NAbs play a role in preventing the expansion of specific auto-reactive clones, thereby behaving as regulatory elements in acute or chronic inflammation. To maintain the non-pathogenic balance between the dual pathogen/self-antigen cross-reactivities of NAbs, a strict regulation in NAb secretion and function is necessary to avoid autoimmune disease. Actually, some of the NAbs related auto-reactivities, such as anti-DNA and anti-MOG, have been associated with autoimmunity. Furthermore, NAbs have been shown to bind to ‘neo-self’ carbohydrate antigens on glycolipids and glycoproteins found on malignant but not normal cells, which suggests NAbs may take part in tumor immunosurveillance. Many aspects regarding NAbs have yet to be studied in more detail: the reactivity and function of NAbs in health and disease, the behavior of the NAb repertoire with increasing age, the regulation of natural antibody production and auto-reactivity, the ways to specifically activate NAbs producing cells with desired specificities, the characteristics of human NAbs, among others. This special topics eBook consists of a number of articles exploring the cells that produce NAbs as well as the characteristics, function, specificity, and/or the role of natural antibodies in health and disease.
Download or read book Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases written by Ritva Tikkanen and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-18 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are a large family of enzymes that function as signal transducers to regulate a diverse range of physiological responses. However, signaling via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK also underpin many disease processes. This Special Issue provides new insights into how MAPK signaling contributes to specific pathological processes across a range of conditions, including disorders of lung development, type 2 diabetes, proliferative skin diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological diseases.
Download or read book Advances in Immunology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-05-25 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Immunology, a long-established and highly respected publication, presents current developments as well as comprehensive reviews in immunology. Articles address the wide range of topics that comprise immunology, including molecular and cellular activation mechanisms, phylogeny and molecular evolution, and clinical modalities. Edited and authored by the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for the future. Contains contributions from leading authorities Includes a wide range of topics that comprise immunology, including molecular and cellular activation mechanisms, phylogeny and molecular evolution, and clinical modalities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field of immunology
Download or read book IgM and Its Receptors and Binding Proteins written by Hiromi Kubagawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the current state of research on the IgM antibody and its multiple receptors and binding proteins. Interactions of the IgM ligands with these molecules are important for protection against infections as a first line of defense, as well as for regulation of immune responses to pathogens and self-antigens. The book includes up-to-date information on: (i) the phylogeny of three IgM-binding receptors [polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), Fc receptor for both IgA and IgM (Fcα/μR), and Fc receptor for IgM only (FcμR)]; (ii) the lymphocyte-restricted distribution and unique ligand-binding activity of FcμR; (iii) the definition and potential function of Fc receptor-like molecule A (FCRLA) as a resident endoplasmic reticulum protein that binds IgM, but also IgG and IgA; (iv) IgM antibody-mediated enhancement of humoral immune responses, highlighting the importance of complement and its receptors, (v) the numerous important roles of IgM natural antibodies in regulation of inflammation. It is an invaluable resource for researchers and clinicians alike.
Download or read book Inflammation and Atherosclerosis written by Georg Wick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-03 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been known for over 150 years that hallmarks of inflammation can be observed in the wall of atherosclerotic vessels. It was, however, not clear if this inflammation is the cause or the consequence of atherogenesis. More recently, it has become evident that inflammation mediated both by innate and adaptive immunity is instrumental even in the earliest stages of the development of atherosclerotic lesions, i.e., that it plays an important pathogenetic role. In this volume, international experts in the field discuss the pathogenetic, diagnostic, preventive and possible therapeutic relevance of inflammation in atherogenesis. This book is intended for researchers and physicians in the fields of vascular biology, immunology and atherosclerosis.
Download or read book Current Challenges in Complement Diagnostics written by Erik J.M. Toonen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-12-14 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complement system is an important innate immune surveillance network that has a key role in protecting our bodies against pathogens and other threats. It is a highly complex system consisting of approximately 50 soluble and cell surface-bound proteins that interact to eliminate danger signals. These signals include factors such as invading microorganisms, necrotic cells, and immune complexes. Furthermore, complement can link innate and adaptive immune responses by regulating T cell and B cell responses. The complement system is tightly regulated to avoid uncontrolled activation. Dysregulation of the complement system has been linked to numerous diseases, both rare and common. Uncontrolled or exaggerated activation can lead to life-threatening conditions such as dysregulation of coagulation, fibrinolysis, systemic inflammation and shock, and possible failure of a variety of organs such as the eyes, kidneys, skin, brain, and vascular system. In recent years, the complement system has gained increased interest, especially as a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention. Eculizumab, the first approved complement inhibitor, is highly effective for treating atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Many more drug candidates are currently evaluated in ongoing clinical trials.
