Download or read book Ownership Structure Board Structure and Corporate Diversification written by Yuen Teen Mak and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates the impact of ownership structure and board structure on corporate diversification. However, unlike previous studies that have focused on managerial ownership and ownership by institutional blockholders, this study also examines the impact of government ownership and limit on foreign shareholding on corporate diversification. We use data from an environment where significant government ownership and foreign shareholding limits are present for publicly-held firms. The study sample comprises 164 firms listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange (SES) Mainboard and Second Board (SESDAQ).Overall, the results show that ownership structure affects corporate diversification. Two of the ownership variables, blockholder and government ownership, are significantly related to diversification. However, while blockholders generally reduce diversification, diversification is greater when the government is the blockholder. There is no evidence that the outside directors or the separation of the CEO and chairperson roles affect corporate diversification.

Download or read book Ownership Structure and Diversification in a Scenario of Weak Shareholder Protection written by Elida Maia-Ramires and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the influence of ownership concentration and insider ownership on the selection of corporate strategies of diversification in a scenario characterized by poor protection of shareholders' interests. We find evidence of a quadratic relationship between ownership concentration and diversification and a cubic relationship between diversification and insider ownership, which evidence the likeliness of both expropriation and entrenchment phenomena, respectively, in this kind of scenario. It also suggests that sometimes the costs of the principal-principal conflict are more severe than the managers-shareholders conflict. We also uncover that concentrated ownership requires high levels of insider ownership in order to prevent the negative externalities of diversification, a result which could be expected a priori for low shareholder protection countries. Other innovative result shows that entrenchment externalities affect diversification before it erodes firm value, which is also a proof that for low levels of diversification, firm values is still not negatively affected. Additionally, our results show that control mechanisms such as debt, directors' remuneration and the compliance with codes of good practices are negatively related to the level of diversification. All in all, our results confirm the theoretical relevance of the agency theory in explaining the managerial attitudes towards corporate strategy, i.e., diversification. Furthermore, companies located in civil-law countries, characterized by deficiencies in legal shareholder protection, concentrated ownership structures and a higher likeliness of managers being entrenched, should place their emphasis on enhancing the correct functioning of corporate governance mechanisms. In fact, our results corroborate the relevance of these mechanisms to promote firm value maximizing strategies.

Download or read book Corporate Governance and Firm Diversification written by Ronald C. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We empirically investigate the relationship between corporate governance structure and diversification. Using a sample of 199 firms beginning in 1985 and following these firms through 1994, we examine 1) if governance structure is significantly different between focused and diversified firms; 2) if differences in corporate governance are associated with the decision to become more focused or diverse; and 3) if the previously documented value loss from diversification is associated with governance structure. We find that, relative to focused firms, diversified firms exhibit higher levels of pay and lower sensitivity of pay to firm performance, have more outsiders on the board, have similar sensitivity of CEO turnover to performance, and no economic difference in independent blockholdings. We find that firms that increase their level of diversification over the sample period have governance and performance characteristics remarkably similar to firms that retain their focus. Firms that decrease their level of diversification, however, have lower insider ownership but more equity-based compensation relative to focused firms. We find no evidence that governance characteristics explain the value loss associated with diversification. We do find, however, that the fraction of outside directors in a diversified firm is positively related to firm value. Collectively, our results suggest that diversified firms use alternative governance mechanisms as substitutes for low pay-for-performance sensitivity and CEO ownership. We conclude that agency costs do not provide a complete explanation for the magnitude and persistence of the diversification discount.

Download or read book Corporate Payout Policy written by Harry DeAngelo and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2009 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate Payout Policy synthesizes the academic research on payout policy and explains "how much, when, and how". That is (i) the overall value of payouts over the life of the enterprise, (ii) the time profile of a firm's payouts across periods, and (iii) the form of those payouts. The authors conclude that today's theory does a good job of explaining the general features of corporate payout policies, but some important gaps remain. So while our emphasis is to clarify "what we know" about payout policy, the authors also identify a number of interesting unresolved questions for future research. Corporate Payout Policy discusses potential influences on corporate payout policy including managerial use of payouts to signal future earnings to outside investors, individuals' behavioral biases that lead to sentiment-based demands for distributions, the desire of large block stockholders to maintain corporate control, and personal tax incentives to defer payouts. The authors highlight four important "carry-away" points: the literature's focus on whether repurchases will (or should) drive out dividends is misplaced because it implicitly assumes that a single payout vehicle is optimal; extant empirical evidence is strongly incompatible with the notion that the primary purpose of dividends is to signal managers' views of future earnings to outside investors; over-confidence on the part of managers is potentially a first-order determinant of payout policy because it induces them to over-retain resources to invest in dubious projects and so behavioral biases may, in fact, turn out to be more important than agency costs in explaining why investors pressure firms to accelerate payouts; the influence of controlling stockholders on payout policy --- particularly in non-U.S. firms, where controlling stockholders are common --- is a promising area for future research. Corporate Payout Policy is required reading for both researchers and practitioners interested in understanding this central topic in corporate finance and governance.

Download or read book The Convergence of Corporate Governance written by Abdul Rasheed and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-06-12 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Takes readers through an in-depth examination of many leading industrialized nations and identifies both the drivers that propel corporations towards convergence and the major impediments that stand in the way of convergence. Also examines many mechanisms of convergence such as governance codes, MNCs, and IPOs.

Download or read book Strategy Structure and Corporate Governance written by Nabyla Daidj and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the beginning of the 2000s, important changes in external environments have affected the corporate governance practices of firms all around the world. The corporate governance structure in each country develops in response to country-specific factors and conditions. Firms are currently engaged in a variety of dynamic business relationships such as business networks, strategic alliances, and conglomerates especially in high technology sectors. Strategy, Structure and Corporate Governance by Nabyla Daidj, proposes to analyze the main trends and drivers of change in corporate governance of several kinds of organizations: - Large conglomerates. The development of large and complex conglomerate organizations have played an important role in the economy in Japan but also in other countries such as Korea with chaebols, which can be defined as closely intertwined industrial groupings. - Inter-firms networks (districts, clusters etc.); and, - 'Recent' forms of inter-firms networks (business ecosystems). The author examines several case studies and shows how shifts in markets and global competition are reconfiguring transactions within these organizations and are impacting corporate governance systems.

Download or read book Is There an Association between Corporate Governance and Firm Diversification An Empirical Study with Brazilian Companies written by Wesley Mendes-Da-Silva and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strategy adopted by a company can be understood as the result of mechanisms and practices of corporate governance. In turn, the performance of a firm depends directly on the decisions made by its administrators. However, managers can incorporate their own personal interests in strategic decisions, creating a level of corporate diversification, according to the operation of the corporate government. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate, empirically, if the structure of governance is different between focused and diversified firms and, furthermore, if differences in corporate governance are associated with some loss of value for the firm from the diversification. This study consists of a multiple cross section extending from 1997 to 2001. Data from 176 companies with open capital listed on the Satilde;o Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) were used, representing 14 industry segments. The results of the multivariable analysis reveal that the size of the board of directors (InTAMC) and the participation of the executives in the profit (profit sharing) of the company (PART) are positively associated with the diversification of the firm (HPROD). Moreover, the companies with private national capital (CNTR) appeared more diversified than those with government capital; however it is important to recognize that these associations were not constant for the entire length of the study period.

Download or read book New Paradigms on Ownership of the Firm written by Laixiang Sun and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corporate Financing and Governance in Japan written by Takeo Hoshi and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-01-31 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Takeo Hoshi and Anil Kashyap examine the history of the Japanese financial system, from its nineteenth-century beginnings through the collapse of the 1990s that concluded with sweeping reforms. Combining financial theory with new data and original case studies, they show why the Japanese financial system developed as it did and how its history affects its ongoing evolution. The authors describe four major periods within Japan's financial history and speculate on the fifth, into which Japan is now moving. Throughout, they focus on four questions: How do households hold their savings? How is business financing provided? What range of services do banks provide? And what is the nature and extent of bank involvement in the management of firms? The answers provide a framework for analyzing the history of the past 150 years, as well as implications of the just-completed reforms known as the "Japanese Big Bang." Hoshi and Kashyap show that the largely successful era of bank dominance in postwar Japan is over, largely because deregulation has exposed the banks to competition from capital markets and foreign competitors. The banks are destined to shrink as households change their savings patterns and their customers continue to migrate to new funding sources. Securities markets are set to re-emerge as central to corporate finance and governance.

Download or read book Managerial Ownership Board Structure and Firm Value written by Mara Faccio and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the simultaneous relationship between managerial ownership, board structure, and firm value, using a sample of all UK non-financial listed companies. We test the hypothesis that managers in the UK should become entrenched at a higher level of ownership compared to their US counterparts because of institutional differences across the two markets. We find a strong U-shaped relationship between the level of managerial ownership and the probability that the roles of chairman and CEO are split, that a non-executive director is appointed as chairman, and the proportion of non-executive directors on the board. However, we report a generally weak relationship between firm value and managerial ownership, board structure and the combination of managerial ownership and board structure. Our results cast doubt on the effectiveness of these internal corporate governance mechanisms.

Download or read book Founding Family Ownership Corporate Diversification and Firm Leverage written by Ronald C. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anecdotal accounts imply that founding families routinely engage in opportunistic activities that exploit minority shareholders. We gauge the severity of these moral hazard conflicts by examining whether founding families - as large, undiversified blockholders - seek to reduce firm-specific risk by influencing the firm's diversification and capital structure decisions. Surprisingly, we find that family firms actually experience less diversification than and use similar levels of debt as non-family firms. Consistent with these findings, we also find that direct measures of equity risk are not related to founding-family ownership, suggesting that family holdings are not limited to low-risk businesses or industries. Although founding-family ownership and influence are prevalent and significant in U.S. industrial firms, the results do not support the hypothesis that continued founding-family ownership in public firms leads to minority shareholder wealth expropriation. Instead, our results show that minority shareholders in large U.S. firms benefit from the presence of founding families.

Download or read book Responsible Corporate Governance written by Maria Aluchna and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-10 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the tasks and functions of corporate governance in the light of current challenges and the dynamics that arise from a broader approach to company management and the integration of corporate governance with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability. Addressing the corporate governance shortcomings that are believed to have contributed to the recent financial crisis, it explores the interplay between corporate governance and CSR, and includes examples of company practice to show how such changes affect the practices of shareholders, boards of directors and regulators. In particular, the book examines shareholders’ activities, their different investment strategies, specific reporting expectations and the submission of proposals to the annual meeting. Further, for boards of directors it explores the need to revise their tasks with respect to the criteria for executive appointments, their corporate strategy, performance measures and diversity recommendations, while for directors it provides recommendations to reconsider the structure of executive pay and performance incentives. Lastly, for regulators the book investigates the need to introduce new laws addressing, for instance, the need for integrated reporting, limiting the voice of short term oriented shareholders and providing guidelines for executive compensation.

Download or read book The Relationship Between a Firm s Ownership Structure Governance and Innovation written by Erica J. Wagner and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Firm innovation is key for many companies to continuously thrive in the marketplace. Unfortunately, there are drawbacks to making innovative investments because of the upfront costs and riskiness of future returns. This creates conflicts because managers are under pressure to meet short-term earnings forecasts. A managers' short-term focus on a firm's business strategy may not be in the best interests of the shareholders' long-term vision of a firm. For this reason, a strong corporate governance system can trigger an increased level of monitoring of the decision-making of managers so that it's aligned with shareholders' goals. Often, a firm's long-term strategy focuses on firm innovation. A major influencer of a firm's innovative strategy is its ownership structure. This research specifically focuses on the impact of ownership concentration, institutional ownership, activist investors, large passive investors, and Board of Director composition on firm innovation. Key components of a firm's organizational structure, such as ownership concentration and Board member composition, are analyzed to explain the variance iv of innovation when other variables are controlled. Based on a sample of technology firms, the findings show that publicly-traded information technology firms' level of passive investors and percentage of independent Board members are significant relative to firm innovation. There are also important findings from the unsupported variables, which are the firm's ownership concentration of shareholders, activist investors, and institutional investors. Finally, inferences are drawn from these results as to whether a firm's ownership structure and governance affect a firm's long-term strategy.

Download or read book Institutional Ownership Tender Offers and Long term Investments written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Why firms diversify written by Randall Morck and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The External Control of Organizations written by Jeffrey Pfeffer and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work explores how external constraints affect organizations and provides insights for designing and managing organizations to mitigate these constraints. All organizations are dependent on the environment for their survival. It contends that it is the fact of the organization's dependence on the environment that makes the external constraint and control of organizational behaviour both possible and almost inevitable. Organizations can either try to change their environments through political means or form interorganizational relationships to control or absorb uncertainty.

Download or read book Convergence and Persistence in Corporate Governance written by Jeffrey N. Gordon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-04-08 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate governance is on the reform agenda all over the world. How will global economic integration affect the different systems of corporate ownership and governance? Is the Anglo-American model of shareholder capitalism destined to become the template for a converging global corporate governance standard or will the differences persist? This reader contains classic work from leading scholars addressing this question as well as several new essays. In a sophisticated political economy analysis that is also attuned to the legal framework, the authors bring to bear efficiency arguments, politics, institutional economics, international relations, industrial organization, and property rights. These questions have become even more important in light of the post-Enron corporate governance crisis in the United States and the European Union's repeated efforts at corporate integration. This will become a key text for postgraduates and academics.