Download or read book Ownership of Knowledge written by Dagmar Schafer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A framework for knowledge ownership that challenges the mechanisms of inequality in modern society. Scholars of science, technology, medicine, and law have all tended to emphasize knowledge as the sum of human understanding, and its ownership as possession by law. Breaking with traditional discourse on knowledge property as something that concerns mainly words and intellectual history, or science and law, Dagmar Schäfer, Annapurna Mamidipudi, and Marius Buning propose technology as a central heuristic for studying the many implications of knowledge ownership. Toward this end, they focus on the notions of knowledge and ownership in courtrooms, workshops, policy, and research practices, while also shedding light on scholarship itself as a powerful tool for making explicit the politics inherent in knowledge practices and social order. The book presents case studies showing how diverse knowledge economies are created and how inequalities arise from them. Unlike scholars who have fragmented this discourse across the disciplines of anthropology, sociology, and history, the editors highlight recent developments in the emerging field of the global history of knowledge—as science, as economy, and as culture. The case studies reveal how notions of knowing and owning emerge because they reciprocally produce and determine each other’s limits and possibilities; that is, how we know inevitably affects how we can own what we know; and how we own always impacts how and what we are able to know. Contributors Dagmar Schäfer, Annapurna Mamidipudi, Cynthia Brokaw, Marius Buning, Viren Murthy, Marjolijn Bol, Amy E. Slaton, James Leach, Myles W. Jackson, Lissant Bolton, Vivek S. Oak, Jörn Oeder
Download or read book Ownership of Knowledge written by Dagmar Schafer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A framework for knowledge ownership that challenges the mechanisms of inequality in modern society. Scholars of science, technology, medicine, and law have all tended to emphasize knowledge as the sum of human understanding, and its ownership as possession by law. Breaking with traditional discourse on knowledge property as something that concerns mainly words and intellectual history, or science and law, Dagmar Schäfer, Annapurna Mamidipudi, and Marius Buning propose technology as a central heuristic for studying the many implications of knowledge ownership. Toward this end, they focus on the notions of knowledge and ownership in courtrooms, workshops, policy, and research practices, while also shedding light on scholarship itself as a powerful tool for making explicit the politics inherent in knowledge practices and social order. The book presents case studies showing how diverse knowledge economies are created and how inequalities arise from them. Unlike scholars who have fragmented this discourse across the disciplines of anthropology, sociology, and history, the editors highlight recent developments in the emerging field of the global history of knowledge—as science, as economy, and as culture. The case studies reveal how notions of knowing and owning emerge because they reciprocally produce and determine each other’s limits and possibilities; that is, how we know inevitably affects how we can own what we know; and how we own always impacts how and what we are able to know. Contributors Dagmar Schäfer, Annapurna Mamidipudi, Cynthia Brokaw, Marius Buning, Viren Murthy, Marjolijn Bol, Amy E. Slaton, James Leach, Myles W. Jackson, Lissant Bolton, Vivek S. Oak, Jörn Oeder
Download or read book The End of Ownership written by Aaron Perzanowski and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-03-16 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument for retaining the notion of personal property in the products we “buy” in the digital marketplace. If you buy a book at the bookstore, you own it. You can take it home, scribble in the margins, put in on the shelf, lend it to a friend, sell it at a garage sale. But is the same thing true for the ebooks or other digital goods you buy? Retailers and copyright holders argue that you don't own those purchases, you merely license them. That means your ebook vendor can delete the book from your device without warning or explanation—as Amazon deleted Orwell's 1984 from the Kindles of surprised readers several years ago. These readers thought they owned their copies of 1984. Until, it turned out, they didn't. In The End of Ownership, Aaron Perzanowski and Jason Schultz explore how notions of ownership have shifted in the digital marketplace, and make an argument for the benefits of personal property. Of course, ebooks, cloud storage, streaming, and other digital goods offer users convenience and flexibility. But, Perzanowski and Schultz warn, consumers should be aware of the tradeoffs involving user constraints, permanence, and privacy. The rights of private property are clear, but few people manage to read their end user agreements. Perzanowski and Schultz argue that introducing aspects of private property and ownership into the digital marketplace would offer both legal and economic benefits. But, most important, it would affirm our sense of self-direction and autonomy. If we own our purchases, we are free to make whatever lawful use of them we please. Technology need not constrain our freedom; it can also empower us.
Download or read book Contested Universals written by Ulises J Espinoza and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intricate and multifaceted relationship humans share with ownership, whether tangible or intangible, forms the crux of this research. The first chapter investigates the psychology behind the concept of ownership. The universality of first mover norms in ownership, where the first person or the one exerting more effort is seen as the owner, is examined. Through a comparative study between the Achuar adults in Ecuador and an online U.S. sample, it is found that while there is a general lean towards first possessor intuitions, these norms may be more contextually and culturally variable than previously believed. The second chapter delves into the contentious realm of ownership and Intellectual Property (IP). By examining public attitudes across 12 societies spanning 10 countries, the research highlights how these perceptions align or diverge from legal frameworks. The findings illuminate that individuals tend to attribute higher ownership rights to knowledge when it has an innovative origin, revealing a nuanced understanding of what qualifies as "ownable." The final chapter ethnographically anchors this research in an Achuar community, spotlighting the tussle between tradition and modernity in knowledge dissemination and control. As traditional knowledge oscillates between private to public spaces, challenges around intellectual boundaries, authenticity, and commodification arise. The role of technology, both as an enabler and disruptor, further adds complexity to the narrative. The Achuar community's journey exemplifies the broader challenges faced by Indigenous communities globally, as they negotiate identity, sovereignty, and the ethical distribution of knowledge in the digital age. Collectively, this dissertation underscores the need to utilize an anthropological approach to appreciate the dynamic nature of ownership and its profound implications on identity, culture, and legalities in contemporary society.
Download or read book Property Rights and the Knowledge Firm written by Fuyuo Nagayama and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Politics of Intellectual Property written by European Consortium for Political Research. Joint Sessions of Workshops and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We know much more about the global politics of intellectual property than we do about national political contests over the ownership of knowledge. Haunss and Shadlen have identified this gap in the literature and have done a fine job of bringing together a set of essays that helps to fill this gap in our understanding of the multi-layered nature of intellectual property politics. Peter Drahos, The Australian National University, Canberra This thought-provoking volume provides invaluable new insights and is a major contribution to the debate on the politics of intellectual property rights. Duncan Matthews, Queen Mary, University of London, UK This book offers empirical analyses of conflicts over the ownership, control, and use of knowledge and information in developed and developing countries. Sebastian Haunss and Kenneth C. Shadlen, along with a collection of eminent contributors, focus on how business organizations, farmers, social movements, legal communities, state officials, transnational enterprises, and international organizations shape IP policies in areas such as health, information-communication technologies, indigenous knowledge, genetic resources, and many others. The innovative and original chapters examine conflicts over the rules governing various dimensions of IP, including patents, copyrights, traditional knowledge, and biosafety regulations. Written from a political perspective, this book is a must-read for political scientists, sociologists and anthropologists who study IP and conflicts over property. It is also an essential read for stakeholders in institutions, NGOs and industry interested in knowledge governance and IP politics.
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment Ownership Advantages Firm Specific Factors Survival And Performance written by Mehdi Rasouli Ghahroudi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-08-31 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the book is to extend and develop the literature on foreign direct investment (FDI) and multinational corporation (MNCs) subsidiaries. There are several reasons for studying foreign investment and ownership. First, firms need to identify which host country industry factors are important in choosing among the various type of equity ownership (e.g. international joint ventures or wholly-owned subsidiary). Second, international diversification through foreign market entry can provide growth and profitability at rates unavailable in home markets. A third reason this warrants some attention is that type of ownership can affect attempts to counter international competition by engaging foreign rivals on their home turf. Fourth, firms have the option of choosing the appropriate equity ownership for international markets based on balancing their resources, capabilities, and international experience with their desire for ownership and control. This book extends the literature in FDI by providing empirical support for several theories and previously defined and/or tested constructs. For example, the parent and subsidiary's factors measured in this study suggest the importance of internalization and ownership advantages of Dunning's eclectic theory.
Download or read book Media Ownership written by Gillian Doyle and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2002-07-09 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looks at media ownership policies in Great Britain and Europe.
Download or read book Rudolph von Mohelli oder Leidenschaft und T uschung written by and published by . This book was released on 1789 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rethinking Ownership of Development in Africa written by T.D. Harper-Shipman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rethinking Ownership of Development in Africa demonstrates how instead of empowering the communities they work with, the jargon of development ownership often actually serves to perpetuate the centrality of multilateral organizations and international donors in African development, awarding a fairly minimal role to local partners. In the context of today’s development scheme for Africa, ownership is often considered to be the panacea for all of the aid-dependent continent’s development woes. Reinforced through the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’s Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the Accra Agenda for Action, ownership is now the preeminent procedure for achieving aid effectiveness and a range of development outcomes. Throughout this book, the author illustrates how the ownership paradigm dictates who can produce development knowledge and who is responsible for carrying it out, with a specific focus on the health sectors in Burkina Faso and Kenya. Under this paradigm, despite the ownership narrative, national stakeholders in both countries are not producers of development knowledge; they are merely responsible for its implementation. This book challenges the preponderance of conventional international development policies that call for more ownership from African stakeholders without questioning the implications of donor demands and historical legacies of colonialism in Africa. Ultimately, the findings from this book make an important contribution to critical development debates that question international development as an enterprise capable of empowering developing nations. This lively and engaging book challenges readers to think differently about the ownership, and as such will be of interest to researchers of development studies and African studies, as well as for development practitioners within Africa.
Download or read book Developing a Framework for Organisational Knowledge Ownership written by Ugonwa Ekweozor and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Knowledge Ownership Its Influencing Factors and the Relationships with Knowledge Sharing Intentions in Organisations written by Saranya Saetang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Knowledge Ownership Its Influencing Factors and the Relationships with Knowledge Sharing Intentions in Organisations written by Saranya Saetang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Software Ownership Transfer written by Vinod Sankaranarayanan and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organizations invest immense amounts of time, resources, and attention in their software projects. But all too often, when it's time to transfer the finished project to new "owners," they settle for the most superficial classroom training, documentation, and code walkthroughs. These conventional approaches to knowledge transfer often fail, dramatically reducing the value of new systems in production. You can do much better - and Software Ownership Transfer will show you how. This is the first practical, hands-on guide to knowledge transfer in today's agile environments. Using a realistic, large-scale case study, ThoughtWorks expert Vinod Sankaranarayanan shows how to elevate knowledge transfer from "necessary evil" to an activity full of agility and innovation, and bring together multiple organizations and cultures to make ownership transfer work. Sankaranarayanan explains why mere documentation of error reports and processes isn't enough, and shows how to successfully craft a knowledge transfer program that's more substantive and effective. Along the way, he offers guidance on overcoming the commercial compromises and personal tensions often associated with transferring systems to new ownership; and on transforming mere "knowledge transfer" into something much better: "taking ownership."
Download or read book The Employee Ownership Manual written by Robert Postlethwaite and published by Spiramus Press Ltd. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended to meet a range of different needs and to cater for different levels of knowledge about employee ownership. If you are considering making your company employee-owned or you are advising someone going through that process, and in either case are new to the topic, you can build up your knowledge levels from Chapter 1. Alternatively, the book can be used as a reference work if you have a particular question to answer. Some parts of the book will not be relevant to every reader. For example, several Chapters consider how employees can acquire shares personally: these will not be relevant to companies which intend their employee ownership only to be through an employee trust. The book is intended as practical guide rather than a highly detailed technical treatise. Its priority is to explain key issues in an accessible fashion and to raise awareness of where further exploration and advice may be important. Chapter 1 This Chapter looks at the background to employee ownership and why companies choose to become employee-owned. Chapter 2 Employee trusts are a key part of the structure of most employee-owned companies, as outlined in this Chapter. Individual share ownership is also introduced here, as some employee-owned companies combine ownership by an employee trust (which usually holds the majority of the company’s shares) with direct, individual ownership of shares by employees. Chapter 3 Chapter 3 goes more deeply into how employee trusts work and how the role of trustees as owners interacts with the role of the company’s directors. Chapter 4 In this Chapter, the key steps and decisions that will need to be made in establishing an employee trust are considered. Chapter 5 This Chapter starts to look in more detail at individual share ownership, in particular the ways in which employees can acquire shares personally, and provides a summary of the tax reliefs that are available for individual employees acquiring shares in their company. Chapter 6 Employee ownership trusts are a particular kind of employee trust, bringing particular tax reliefs. This Chapter considers these tax reliefs and the various conditions which must be satisfied. Chapter 7 Many companies become employee-owned through the existing owners transferring their shares to an employee trust. This Chapter looks at how to plan ownership succession in this way and some key questions that will need to be considered. Chapter 8 An employee ownership trust deed is likely to form the structural core of most employee-owned companies. This Chapter explains the key provisions that it will commonly include. Chapter 9 This Chapter considers the people issues which arise in a transition to employee ownership, and has been written by Jeremy Gadd. The next five Chapters look in more detail at how employees can acquire shares individually and may be of value to companies wishing to include individual share ownership alongside trust ownership. Chapters 10 and 11 look at two tax-advantaged all-employee share schemes. Chapter 10 The Share Incentive Plan (SIP) enables employees to purchase shares or receive free shares, in each case with relief against income tax. The SIP is an all-employee share scheme, which means that all employees must be allowed to participate in any offer of shares. This Chapter looks at the statutory requirements for operating a SIP and how it works in practice. Chapter 11 Save As You Earn (SAYE) options is another form of all-employee share scheme, under which employees can be granted options to acquire shares in the future and those employees who participate will save a monthly amount towards the option exercise price. This Chapter considers how SAYE options work. Chapters 12 and 13 look at tax-advantaged share schemes which do not need to involve all employees: Chapter 12 This Chapter looks at Enterprise Management Incentive (EMI) options. For companies wishing to create personal share ownership for their key people, EMI options will often be the best place to start. There are particular eligibility requirements for EMI options. These are considered in this Chapter, which also discusses the key elements of an EMI scheme, and offers suggestions as to how EMI options can be structured. Chapter 13 An alternative to EMI options is the Company Share Option Plan (CSOP). This Chapter considers how the CSOP works. Chapter 14 This Chapter looks at other ways in which employees can acquire shares personally. Chapters 15 to 20 consider other legal, regulatory and taxation issues. Chapter 15 Where employees are to acquire shares (or cash) from an employee trust, it is important to ensure that this is structured in a way which does not fall foul of tax anti-avoidance rules which were introduced to counter what is commonly referred to as disguised remuneration. This Chapter looks at these provisions and how to keep on the right side of them. Failure to do so could result in a charge to income tax and National Insurance on the value of assets even though an employee has not acquired any definite ownership rights over them. Chapter 16 This Chapter sweeps up some other legal and regulatory matters not directly covered in previous Chapters. Chapter 17 This Chapter covers data protection requirements. Chapter 18 This Chapter covers phantom shares. Chapter 19 This looks at the interaction between corporation tax, employee trusts and different individual employee share schemes. Chapter 20 There are a number of registration and filing requirements with HM Revenue and Customs and the Registrar of Companies. This Chapter considers these and some continuing administration requirements and summarises the accounting treatment of employee trusts and employee share schemes.
Download or read book Strategy Economic Organization and the Knowledge Economy written by Nicolai J. Foss and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of the knowledge economy changes the ways in which firms organize their activities and how they strategize in the market place. This non-technical volume lays the foundations for an analysis of these phenomena. In particular, it shows how 'knowledge-based approaches' in management studies may be complemented by key ideas from the economics of organization. The discussion is both theoretical and empirical.
Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special edition of the Federal Register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect ... with ancillaries.
