Download or read book Over Indebtedness Predatory Lending and the International Political Economy of Residential Home Mortgage Securitization written by Christopher Lewis Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the United States, many countries around the world have increasingly turned to structured finance, also known as securitization, to fund loan portfolios. This trend has taken on troubling undertones in the wake of widespread default in the American sub-prime residential mortgage backed securities market. This essay provides a brief introduction to the business practices of, and law governing residential mortgage securitization in, the United States. Moreover, it surveys the use of securitization in three influential countries: the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. In comparison to these countries, relatively lax regulation, poor oversight of intermediary originators, and volume-oriented underwriting have all contributed to widespread foreclosures in the United States. Private structured finance of American sub-prime mortgages has created economic incentives that promote consumer over-indebtedness as well as predatory lending. Furthermore, by drawing politically powerful financiers into aggressive and ethically questionable lending, residential mortgage backed securitization tends to empower opponents of consumer protection law. Drawing on the U.S. example, caveats for other countries are offered.
Download or read book Subprime Cities written by Manuel B. Aalbers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-19 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subprime Cities: The Political Economy of Mortgage Markets presents a collection of works from social scientists that offer insights into mortgage markets and the causes, effects, and aftermath of the recent 'subprime' mortgage crisis. Provides an even-handed and detailed analysis of mortgage markets and the recent housing crisis Features contributions from various social scientists with expertise in critical social theories who have assembled and analyzed detailed empirical information Offers a unique and powerful rebuttal to many of the misleading popular explanations of the crisis and its aftermath Reveals how racial minorities and the neighbourhoods inhabited by them are more likely to be targeted by subprime and predatory lenders
Download or read book Understanding the Securitization of Subprime Mortgage Credit written by Adam B. Ashcraft and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-03 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an overview of the subprime mortgage securitization process and the seven key informational frictions that arise. Discusses the ways that market participants work to minimize these frictions and speculate on how this process broke down. Continues with a complete picture of the subprime borrower and the subprime loan, discussing both predatory borrowing and predatory lending. Presents the key structural features of a typical subprime securitization, documents how rating agencies assign credit ratings to mortgage-backed securities, and outlines how these agencies monitor the performance of mortgage pools over time. The authors draw upon the example of a mortgage pool securitized by New Century Financial during 2006. Illustrations.
Download or read book Why the Poor Pay More written by Gregory D. Squires and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2004-10-30 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proverbial American dream of owning a home has become an all-too-real nightmare for a growing number of families. The most vulnerable segments of our society—including minorities, the elderly, and working families—are being victimized by financiers who lure them into commitments they cannot fulfill. Collectively known as predatory lending, these practices include offering higher interest rates than can be justified by the risk, high pre-payment penalties that lock families into exploitative loans, and monstrous balloon payments that often result in default and the loss of the home. The net result can be disastrous: damage to one's credit rating, bankruptcy, and even the loss of lifelong savings. Why the Poor Pay More is an incisive exposure of these practices: how they have evolved, why they have become so prevalent in recent years, and how their negative effects can be quantified. It features in-depth analysis from prominent scholars, legal experts, and community leaders, who shed new light on the social, political, and economic consequences of predatory lending. Why the Poor Pay More is much more than an indictment of these insidious discriminatory practices. It is a call to arms for anyone concerned about how the financial-political system can be corrupted to serve the needs of the wealthy. Highlighting community initiatives already underway to combat predatory lending and an extensive listing of practical resources, Why the Poor Pay More outlines active roles that individuals, advocacy groups, financial and legal service providers, and policymakers can play in reversing this destructive trend.
Download or read book Subprime Nation written by Herman M. Schwartz and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his exceedingly timely and innovative look at the ramifications of the collapse of the U.S. housing market, Herman M. Schwartz makes the case that worldwide, U.S. growth and power over the last twenty years has depended in large part on domestic housing markets. Mortgage-based securities attracted a cascade of overseas capital into the U.S. economy. High levels of private home ownership, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom, have helped pull in a disproportionately large share of world capital flows.As events since mid-2008 have made clear, mortgage lenders became ever more eager to extend housing loans, for the more mortgage packages they securitized, the higher their profits. As a result, they were dangerously inventive in creating new mortgage products, notably adjustable-rate and subprime mortgages, to attract new, mainly first-time, buyers into the housing market. However, mortgage-based instruments work only when confidence in the mortgage system is maintained. Regulatory failures in the American S&L sector, the accounting crisis that led to the extinction of Arthur Andersen, and the subprime crisis that destroyed Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch and damaged many other big financial institutions have jeopardized a significant engine of economic growth. Schwartz concentrates on the impact of U.S. regulatory failure on the international economy. He argues that the "local" problem of the housing crisis carries substantial and ongoing risks for U.S. economic health, the continuing primacy of the U.S. dollar in international financial circles, and U.S. hegemony in the world system.
Download or read book Handbook of Research on International Consumer Law written by Geraint G. Howells and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a truly international effort, and one with a strong commitment to human rights by the highly reputable authors coming from different jurisdictions! The many facets of today s consumer law are presented to the reader, including developing countries a fascinating effort in a dynamically emerging field of law! We are comprehensively informed about such bread and butter areas as advertising, unfair terms, consumer guarantees, product safety and liability, consumer credit, and redress. But traditional consumer law concepts and remedies are facing challenges in more complex areas, like services of general internet where consumers and private users should enjoy equal access to universal services , with the internet where speed must not be a pretext to eliminate standards of fair dealing, with risky investment services under the problematic paradigm shift from investor protection to investor confidence . A book to read, to think about, to work with for everybody interested in the future of consumer markets and law in a time of economic crisis! Norbert Reich, University of Bremen, Germany This is a richly interesting collection of essays, written by leading names in the field. It offers a thoroughly reliable survey of key tensions and challenges in modern consumer law and brilliantly combines thematic overview with detailed analysis. It will stimulate comparative thinking, it will provide a source of information and it will be welcomed by consumer law scholars all over the world. Stephen Weatherill, University of Oxford, UK Consumer law and policy has emerged in the last half-century as a major policy concern for all nations. This Handbook of original contributions provides an international and comparative analysis of central issues in consumer law and policy in developed and developing economies. The Handbook encompasses questions of both social policy and effective business regulation. Many of the issues are common to all countries and are becoming increasingly globalised due to the growth in international trade and technological developments such as the Internet. The authors provide a broad coverage of both substantive topics and institutional questions concerning optimal approaches to enforcement and the role of class actions in consumer policy. It also includes comparative insights into the influential EU and US models of consumer law and relates consumer law to contemporary trends in human rights law. Written by a carefully selected group of international experts, this text represents an authoritative resource for understanding contemporary and future developments in consumer law. This Handbook will provide students, researchers and policymakers with an insight to the main policy debates in each context and provide models of legal regulation to assist in the evaluation of laws and the development of consumer law and policy.
Download or read book Understanding the Securitization of Subprime Mortgage Credit written by Adam B. Ashcraft and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2008 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the Securitization of Subprime Mortgage Credit provides an overview of the subprime mortgage market and some of the key players, and provides an extensive discussion of the important role played by the credit rating agencies.
Download or read book Foreclosed written by Daniel Immergluck and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-20 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last two years, the United States has observed, with some horror, the explosion and collapse of entire segments of the housing market, especially those driven by subprime and alternative or "exotic" home mortgage lending. The unfortunately timely Foreclosed explains the rise of high-risk lending and why these newer types of loans—and their associated regulatory infrastructure—failed in substantial ways. Dan Immergluck narrates the boom in subprime and exotic loans, recounting how financial innovations and deregulation facilitated excessive risk-taking, and how these loans have harmed different populations and communities. Immergluck, who has been working, researching, and writing on issues tied to housing finance and neighborhood change for almost twenty years, has an intimate knowledge of the promotion of homeownership and the history of mortgages in the United States. The changes to the mortgage market over the past fifteen years—including the securitization of mortgages and the failure of regulators to maintain control over a much riskier array of mortgage products—led, he finds, inexorably to the current crisis. After describing the development of generally stable and risk-limiting mortgage markets throughout much of the twentieth century, Foreclosed details how federal policy-makers failed to regulate the new high-risk lending markets that arose in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The book also examines federal, state, and local efforts to deal with the mortgage and foreclosure crisis of 2007 and 2008. Immergluck draws upon his wealth of experience to provide an overarching set of principles and a detailed set of policy recommendations for "righting the ship" of U.S. housing finance in ways that will promote affordable yet sustainable homeownership as an option for a broad set of households and communities.
Download or read book Democracy Declined written by Mallory E. SoRelle and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Elizabeth Warren memorably wrote, “It is impossible to buy a toaster that has a one-in-five chance of bursting into flames and burning down your house. But it is possible to refinance an existing home with a mortgage that has the same one-in-five chance of putting the family out on the street.” More than a century after the government embraced credit to fuel the American economy, consumer financial protections in the increasingly complex financial system still place the onus on individuals to sift through fine print for assurance that they are not vulnerable to predatory lending and other pitfalls of consumer financing and growing debt. In Democracy Declined, Mallory E. SoRelle argues that the failure of federal policy makers to curb risky practices can be explained by the evolution of consumer finance policies aimed at encouraging easy credit in part by foregoing more stringent regulation. Furthermore, SoRelle explains how angry borrowers’ experiences with these policies teach them to focus their attention primarily on banks and lenders instead of demanding that lawmakers address predatory behavior. As a result, advocacy groups have been mostly unsuccessful in mobilizing borrowers in support of stronger consumer financial protections. The absence of safeguards on consumer financing is particularly dangerous because the consequences extend well beyond harm to individuals—they threaten the stability of entire economies. SoRelle identifies pathways to mitigate these potentially disastrous consequences through greater public participation.
Download or read book Subprime Mortgage Market Turmoil written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance, and Investment and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Predatory Mortgage Lending written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report written by Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission and published by Cosimo, Inc.. This book was released on 2011-05-01 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, published by the U.S. Government and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in early 2011, is the official government report on the United States financial collapse and the review of major financial institutions that bankrupted and failed, or would have without help from the government. The commission and the report were implemented after Congress passed an act in 2009 to review and prevent fraudulent activity. The report details, among other things, the periods before, during, and after the crisis, what led up to it, and analyses of subprime mortgage lending, credit expansion and banking policies, the collapse of companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the federal bailouts of Lehman and AIG. It also discusses the aftermath of the fallout and our current state. This report should be of interest to anyone concerned about the financial situation in the U.S. and around the world.THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION is an independent, bi-partisan, government-appointed panel of 10 people that was created to "examine the causes, domestic and global, of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States." It was established as part of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009. The commission consisted of private citizens with expertise in economics and finance, banking, housing, market regulation, and consumer protection. They examined and reported on "the collapse of major financial institutions that failed or would have failed if not for exceptional assistance from the government."News Dissector DANNY SCHECHTER is a journalist, blogger and filmmaker. He has been reporting on economic crises since the 1980's when he was with ABC News. His film In Debt We Trust warned of the economic meltdown in 2006. He has since written three books on the subject including Plunder: Investigating Our Economic Calamity (Cosimo Books, 2008), and The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street Is Not Too Big to Jail (Disinfo Books, 2011), a companion to his latest film Plunder The Crime Of Our Time. He can be reached online at www.newsdissector.com.
Download or read book Consumer Credit Debt and Bankruptcy written by Johanna Niemi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2009-07-15 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After a long period of prosperity and steady economic growth, the world's leading economies are now in crisis, and although there will be debate about its origins, the scale and seriousness of the crisis is in no doubt. There is also no doubt that excessive amounts of consumer credit, allied to a weak understanding of how globalised credit markets might react to a crisis, have played a significant part. This book, which is primarily about credit, debt and the trouble they have led to, is written by authors who have specialised in researching into over-indebtedness, that is, situations in which an individual's debt burden has become overwhelming. For these authors the plight of individuals is a primary concern, but the wider issue is how credit is used and how it changes societies. The essays in this volume, addressing topics which are fundamental to our understanding of the current crisis, range widely across the whole sector of consumer finance, including mortgages, 'credit-binges', the regulation of consumer lending, insolvency, repayment plans, debt counselling and much more besides. The conclusions drawn from the book are equally wide-ranging, but above all the lesson learned from these essays is that the financialisation of contemporary life ensures that issues of the appropriate role of credit remain of critical importance in society.
Download or read book Confessions of a Subprime Lender written by Richard Bitner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-03 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Former subprime lender Richard Bitner once worked in an industry that started out helping disadvantaged customers but collapsed due to greed, lack of financial control and willful ignorance. In Confessions of a Subprime Lender: An Insider's Tale of Greed, Fraud, and Ignorance, he reveals the truth about how the subprime lending business spiraled out of control, pushed home prices to unsustainable levels, and turned unqualified applicants into qualified borrowers through creative financing. Learn about the ways the mortgage industry can be fixed with his twenty suggestions for critical change.
Download or read book Held Up in Due Course written by Kurt Eggert and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second article of a two-article set analyzes the conjunction of the holder in due course doctrine, securitization of residential mortgages and predatory lending. Predatory and deceptive lending, widely documented in the media and in Congressional and regulatory hearings, is the practice by unscrupulous lenders of originating loans at above-market rates through deceptive practices or undue influence or by taking advantage of the ignorance, desperation, or susceptibility to fraud of borrowers. These lenders have been targeting primarily elderly, poor and minority borrowers throughout the country. Even worse, these practices have been funded by Wall Street. This article explains how predatory lending has its roots in the history of the holder in due course doctrine, which cuts off most borrower claims or defenses once a loan is transferred. This aged doctrine has been transformed from its inception in the seventeenth century as a relatively benign, commercially useful doctrine, into a malignant one. Currently, the holder in due course doctrine promotes deception and aids unscrupulous lenders by protecting the buyers of residential loans even when the loans are the result of many forms of fraud. At the same time, the original purposes of the holder in due course doctrine, such as ensuring liquidity and transferability of notes, have been taken over by other and better means. Various federal, state and local efforts have been made to prevent predatory lending and some have done so by eliminating the holder in due course doctrine at least as to high price loans. The article analyzes securitization, the process of pooling assets, in this case mortgages, and issuing securities based on the pooled assets. Unlike the praise by other academic commentators for securitization, this article shows how securitization creates holders in due course almost immediately as it allows relatively unregulated mortgage brokers with almost no capital to originate loans. Securitization thus provides an opportunity and safe haven for predatory lending, and worse yet, reduces lender discretion in resolving borrowers' difficulties once the borrowers discover they are the victims of deception. The article includes an economic analysis of the holder in due course doctrine and indicates that it increases the likelihood of fraud and other forms of predatory lending by putting the risk of fraud and unfair lending practices on the borrower, who often is virtually helpless to prevent them. The article concludes with a call for the abolition of the holder in due course doctrine in all cases where it would cut off the defenses of a residential borrower.
Download or read book Prudent Lending Restored written by Yasuyuki Fuchita and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is little dispute that the mortgage meltdown of 2007, created by irresponsible lending and lax oversight, helped lead to the global financial crisis. Why were these securities backed by subprime debt so desirable to so many seemingly sophisticated investors? The answer lies in distorted incentives, opaque securitization structures and a willingness to believe that house prices would continue to rise indefinitely and the hope for super-normal returns. In Prudent Lending Restored experts from the United States, Europe, and Japan draw a timeline of key events along the road to our most recent recession. Providing an in-depth analysis of the causes of the subprime mortgage meltdown, they propose reforms, including a more simplified securitization process with emphasis on oversight to encourage more prudent lending. This timely volume—the collaboration between the Brookings Institution and the Nomura Institute of Capital Markets Research—argues that securitization can and should have a brighter future, and they lay out ways that will make that possible. Contributors: Jennifer E. Bethel (Babson College), Robert E. Eisenbeis (Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta), Allen Ferrell (Havard Law School), Günter Franke (Konstanz University, Germany), Jack Guttentag (University of Pennsylvania), Gang Hu (Babson College), Tetsuya Kamiyama (Nomura Institute of Capital Markets Research, Tokyo), Kei Kodachi (NICMR), Jan P. Krahnen (Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany), Joseph R. Mason (Louisiana State University), Igor Roitburg (Default Mitigation Management LLC), and Eiichi Sekine (NICMR).
Download or read book Housing and the Financial Crisis written by Edward L. Glaeser and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-08-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional wisdom held that housing prices couldn’t fall. But the spectacular boom and bust of the housing market during the first decade of the twenty-first century and millions of foreclosed homeowners have made it clear that housing is no different from any other asset in its ability to climb and crash. Housing and the Financial Crisis looks at what happened to prices and construction both during and after the housing boom in different parts of the American housing market, accounting for why certain areas experienced less volatility than others. It then examines the causes of the boom and bust, including the availability of credit, the perceived risk reduction due to the securitization of mortgages, and the increase in lending from foreign sources. Finally, it examines a range of policies that might address some of the sources of recent instability.
