Download or read book Orsam Rapor Say 32 Understanding Economic Relations Between Saudi Arabia And Russia written by Murat Aslan and published by ORSAM. This book was released on 2021-08-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle East region was redesigned in the aftermath of the First World War according to the balance and interests between the world powers of the period. Between the two world wars, there had not been much change in local societies and political mechanisms in the Middle East region. After the Second World War, especially since the 1950s, this region has had an important place in the power struggle between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. In the new global order that emerged after the end of the Cold War, the Middle East region continued to undergo regional fluctuations under the influence of new power dynamics. The United States, which was the only global superpower in the 1990s, was acting according to its own interests with its hegemonic power both in world politics and in the Middle East. However, since the 2000s, the world order has become more polarized, and Russia's interest in the region has increased together with China’s. The main focus of this report is to examine the main driving motives behind the economic and trade relations that were formed between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (hereinafter the KSA) and the Russian Federation (hereinafter the RF) since the 1990s. One of the main arguments set forward in this report is that the course of the economic relations between KSA and RF has been guided by the changing political balances and power relations at the global and regional levels. It is clear that explaining bilateral economic relations between countries with only one dimension and simple political (or economic) concepts will be highly unrealistic and extremely insufficient. It is also clear that an explanation based merely on simple economic concepts such as foreign trade, exchange rates, and profit maximization would be incomplete. For these reasons, we find it appropriate to analyze the diplomatic and political relations and developments in the Moscow-Riyadh axis by utilizing an interdisciplinary approach. The perspective of the global political economy offers a powerful explanatory model. In the most recent decades both Moscow and Riyadh have been following proactive foreign policies, and their policy behaviors resemble a complicated mechanism fed from multiple sources. Russia's national economy has been stagnant due to the recent decline in oil prices. Despite the weakening budgetary resources and the economic stagnation, Russia's foreign policy moves are heading towards an extremely proactive trajectory. The important events of the 2000s are the September 11 terrorist attacks, invasion of Iraq by the US, Color Revolutions in the former Soviet geography, 2008 global financial crisis, and the Arab uprisings that have shaken the Middle East since 2010-2011 and their repercussions. These changes have deeply affected the world political system and global governance issues. The Moscow elite focused on two aspects of these changes and developments: the survival of the state and increasing security threats. These major events have fed into Russia's highly assertive and aggressive foreign policy behavior. Military engagement with Georgia in 2008, rapprochement with China and Iran, as well as the improvement of diplomatic relations in the Middle East are some examples in this regard. In particular, Russia's proactive foreign policy behaviors have accelerated since 2012 with Putin’s third term as president, reaching a peak in 2015 when Moscow surprised the international community by actively involving in the Syrian civil war. Since the collapse of the USSR, Russia has been conducting military operations for the first time in a region outside the former Soviet territory. From a global perspective, we observe that Russia's foreign policy has had a significant impact, particularly on Middle Eastern affairs. Russia’s relationship with the Middle East is based on three pillars: restoration of prestige in the global power struggle, security interests, and economic interests (Wasser, 2019). These factors, to a certain extent, also apply to Russia’s bilateral relations with the KSA. Another critical factor in the course of bilateral relations between Saudi Arabia and Russia is the changes in the US perception of global and regional security threats. Especially after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Saudi Arabia, like all Gulf countries, had its share from the aggressive approach of the US. In the face of Washington's aggressive and unconstructive attitude, the Gulf monarchies had to take some steps for the protection of the status quo. Historically, the relations between the KSA and Russia were mostly shaped by the state of relations between Riyadh and Washington. Yet, the relations between the KSA and Russia have evolved to include economic and political interests in addition to the indirect effects of the power struggle among global powers. Russia's active engagement in the Middle East and the Gulf has both geopolitical and regional dimensions. From the geopolitical point of view, Moscow always looks at the region through the lens of its goal of projecting power at the global level and confronting the West—or simply the US. Thus, regional priorities play a secondary role. Analysts and experts have focused on Russia’s foreign policy actions, including Moscow’s partnership with China, the war against Georgia, conflicts with Ukraine, the annexation of Crimea, military intervention in Syria, and the increasing activism in the Eurasian Economic Union, which can be considered to be in line with Russia’s strategy of balancing the West. Such measures are part of a broader strategy aimed at undermining the cohesion in the rival axis, (US, NATO, and the European Union) thus making the Western alliance unable to plan, formulate, and implement a policy on Russia and its near abroad. As an example of the challenge posed by Moscow to the US and its global liberal order, in June 2021, Russia declared that it would remove its dollar assets and replace them with gold and euros. There is a lack of analytical studies that examine Putin's era in the Russian Federation from a political economy perspective. Many crucial issues and questions are yet to be addressed. The most important question in this regard is what are the main factors behind Moscow’s recent activism in the Middle East? This report tries to answer this question by focusing on the interplay of global power dynamics, ideational and domestic sources of Russian foreign policy under the rubric of the global political economy. In the following sections, the study reviews the bilateral relations between the KSA and RF after the Cold War. In the subsequent section, the main pillars of Russian foreign policy are outlined with a political economy approach. Later, the report reviews the macroeconomic characteristics of these two countries. In the fourth section, the study focuses on bilateral relations in a historical context. In the fifth section, the bilateral relations are discussed under the headings of trade, energy, and investment, to shed light on all those issues. In particular, the study offers an in-depth analysis of trade, investment, and energy questions, where we examine the complex interdependency and other dynamics in the global energy markets that, to some extent, shape the recent coordination between the KSA and the Russian Federation. The final section concludes the report.

Download or read book Global Turkey in Europe written by Senem Aydın-Düzgit and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EU is changing, Turkey too, and - above all - there is systemic change and crisis all round, ranging from economics, the spread of democratic norms and foreign policy. This research paper explores how the EU and Turkey can enhance their cooperation in the political, economic, and foreign policy domains and how they can find a way out of the stalemate EU-Turkey relations have reached with the lack of progress in accession negotiations and the increasing uncertainty over both the future of the European project after the Eurozone crisis and Turkey's role in it.

Download or read book Political Economy of Globalization Financialization Crises written by Mehak Anjum Siddiquei and published by IJOPEC Publications. This book was released on 2016-12-28 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book is a collection of selected papers, presented at the International Conference of Political Economy (ICOPEC 2016). The deliberate employment of the term “political economy” in the title “International Conference of Political Economy” implies the fact that economics is perceived as an integral part of social phenomena in the International Conference of Political Economy (ICOPEC). Accordingly, even if economic institutions and relations form the foundations of society in the contemporary world, economic development is dependent on social power and dynamics, while economic policies, per se, are shaped by not only technical processes but also diverse interests and choices. Within this context, politics is involved in every encounter between different economic classes, social groups and genders being shaped by the visions of a better life as the subject matter of philosophy, ethics and religion and at times it finds its best expression in art. Law, on the other hand, is the embodiment of all social relations which are, in their essence, political. Thus, this conference does not reduce society to market relations only, despite positioning the economy in the heart of social relations. Above all, it considers the society as a political entity. Indeed, everything constitutes the subject matter of politics. The arguments in favour of purifying market relations from the influence of politics and the discourse that they take place on their own right serve to disguise the conflicts of interest and power asymmetries inherent therein. This conference regards man as homo politicus, as Aristoteles put it, rather than homo economicus. In 2016, ICOPEC conferences were turned into a conference series with its 7th conference and the main theme of the 7th conference was determined as “State, Economic Policy, Taxation and Development". IJOPEC Publication has undertaken to publish selected papers, presented at this conference in English and Turkish, in five different edited books. In the 90s the phenomena of globalization managed to dominate political, popular, and academic debates. While reading a newspaper or a book, watching television, surfing the Internet, or participating in a demonstration we come across the links of globalization in our everyday lives. Globalization as a wide term is variously blamed or credited with a huge range of negative effects, e. g. it is often related to social problems ranging from famine to floods, from pollution to poverty, and from rural depopulation to urban overcrowding. On the contrary, globalization can be also considered as the source of success in development, for instance decrease in the poverty levels, economic prosperity and growth, better services, and enhanced awareness of human rights. Nevertheless, some sceptics of the benefits from globalization have also described the potential ways in transforming political, economic, and social relations within and between countries. This transformation may lead to the benefit of human welfare worldwide. T İsmail Şiriner, Bryan Christiansen, Julia Dobreva (Introduction: Political Economy of Globalization: Financialization & Crises) 10 Since the 80s, we can observe a significant increase in the role of the financial sector. This progress is often referred to as financialization. Financialization has many features and affects numerous different economic entities (Epstein 2015; Stockhammer 2013). One key component is the magnificent growth of the financial sector. Greenwood & Scharfstein (2013) point out a massive rise of the financial service sector in the USA during the last 30 years. The growth can be proved either by the financial sector’s share in GDP, the quantity of financial assets, or by employment and average wages in the financial sector. But this growth is not related to the USA; although to a softer scope, similar processes can also be observed in other OECD countries (Philippon & Reshel 2013). The financial rise has its base in the deregulation and liberalization of the financial (and economic) system. From this point of view, financialization is the cause rather than the effect. This is the major difference compared to the other approaches. Financialization can affect the macro-economy through four main channels. These are income distribution, investment in capital stock, household debt, and net exports and current account balances. As a correction, it is discussed that economic structures governed by financialization should be addressed on four dimensions: a) re-regulation and reduction of the financial sector, b) redistribution of income from top to bottom and from capital to labour, c) re-orientation of macroeconomic policies to stabilize domestic demand at non-inflationary full employment levels, and eventually d) re-creation of international monetary and economic policy coordination.

Download or read book Economic Development Social Political Interactions written by Sevcan Güneş and published by IJOPEC Publication. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Conference of Political Economy (ICOPEC), takes as a goal to identify and analyze the status of its age, held its first conference with the theme "International Political Economy: Adam Smith Today " in 2009. Following the ICOPEC conference, JOPEC Publication started to be published in 2010. JOPEC Publication aims at searching required alternatives, in addition to existing alternatives, with a critical approach, has been the main supporter of ICOPEC conference by including the studies in this context. In 2016, the main theme of the 7th conference was determined as “State, Economic Policy, Taxation and Development". IJOPEC Publication has undertaken to publish the papers, presented at this conference in English and Turkish, as an e-book. Day by day, the economic development phenomenon increases its importance in terms of its content and it is described as a science that deals with the prosperity and development of the societies within the qualitative and quantitative aspects of their structural changes. Economic development, along with being economic, emphasizes and contains structural change in social, political and cultural fields and prosperity increasing as a whole. In this context, it is important to analyze different aspects and scopes of development. For this reason, “Economic Development in the Context of Social and Political Interactions” has come to light as a collective study of many academicians from various universities and it is prepared with interdisciplinary point of view. is work deals with economic development phenomenon sophisticatedly and presents both its theoretical and practical implications for the benefit of higher education and those who interest in the subject.

Download or read book Muslim Turkistan written by Bruce Privratsky and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ethnography of Muslim life among the Kazaks of Central Asia describes the sacralisation of land and ethnic identity, local understanding of Islamic purity, the Kazak ancestor cult and domestic spirituality, and pilgrimage to the tombs of Sufi saints.

Download or read book The Australian Official Journal of Trademarks written by and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comparative Counter Terrorism Law written by Kent Roach and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 839 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic overview of counter-terrorism laws in twenty-two jurisdictions representing the Americas, Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia.

Download or read book Essentials of Avian Medicine and Surgery written by Brian H. Coles and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essentials of Avian Medicine and Surgery is designed as a concise quick reference for the busy practitioner and animal nurse. Eminently practical, this classic avian text is prized for its down-to-earth approach. new contributions from world renowned experts in avian medicine new chapter on the special senses of birds, an understanding of which is crucial when giving advice on avian welfare problems fully up-to-date on the latest diagnostic and imaging techniques avian zoonotics are highlighted in infectious diseases section

Download or read book Turkish Migration Conference 2015 Selected Proceedings written by Ibrahim Sirkeci and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2015 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of selected papers presented at the 3rd Turkish Migration Conference (TMC). TMC 2015 was hosted by Charles University Prague, Czech Republic from 25 to 27 June 2015. The TMC 2015 was the third event in the series that we were proud to organise and host at Charles University Prague. This selection of papers presented at the conference are only a small portion of contributions. Many other papers are included in edited books and submitted to refereed journals in due course. There were a total of about 146 papers by over 200 authors presented in 40 parallel sessions and three plenary sessions at Jinonice Campus of Charles University Prague. About a fıfth of the sessions at the conference were in Turkish language although the main language was English. Therefore some of the proceedings are in Turkish too. The keynote speakers included Douglas Massey of Princeton University, Caroline Brettell of Southern Methodist University, and Nedim Gürsel of CNRS.

Download or read book Turkey s Water Policy written by Aysegul Kibaroglu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-19 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water is a strategic natural resource of vital importance to all nations. As such it has been the cause of several international disputes. For Turkey especially, water is crucial to social and economic development. Turkey’s current national water regime that emphasises water resources development and management for productive uses, however, faces growing environmental concerns and international criticism regarding transboundary water cooperation. Furthermore, EU accession requires Turkey to adopt an extensive and ambitious body of EU water law. To understand Turkey’s position to international water law, the national policies and socio-economic circumstances that impact water resources management need to be considered. This book fills the existing knowledge gap through a broad perspective and analysis of the current state of Turkey’s water policy and its management of both national and transboundary waters. It is a unique undertaking that brings together Turkish and international authors, practitioners and academics, covering all aspects of water management

Download or read book A Transnational Account of Turkish Foreign Policy written by Hazal Papuççular and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an analysis of Turkish foreign policy based on transnational(ist) perspectives. In order to counterbalance the state-centric accounts that dominate this area of study, the authors provide theoretical frameworks as well as historical and contemporary case studies that emphasize transnational dynamics. The content is divided into four complementary sections that explain and exemplify transnational (f)actors in the context of Turkish foreign policy. The first addresses theoretical and ideational frameworks that illustrate the relevance of a transnational account, while the second demonstrates the possibility of developing transnationally oriented approaches even in historical cases, going beyond a presentist focus. In the third and fourth sections, the book focuses on two prominent non-state actors, namely diaspora communities and non-governmental organizations, which operate at the interstices of the domestic and the international. This allows the authors to highlight the significance of transnational dynamics in Turkey's foreign policy. ​Hazal Papuççular is an Assistant Professor at the Department of International Relations, Istanbul Kültür University, Turkey. She completed her Ph.D. in Modern Turkish History at Boğaziçi University's Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History and has written several books, articles and book chapters on Turkish foreign policy. She is the author of Türkiye ve Oniki Ada (1912-1947) (Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları, 2019) and is currently focusing on Turkey's transnational diplomatic history. Deniz Kuru is a Lecturer of Political Science at Goethe Universität Frankfurt in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Southern California. His current research areas include the intellectual history and sociology of International Relations, German and French foreign policies, Turkey's global position, global intellectual history and global International Relations. He has published articles in Review of International Studies, International Relations, All Azimuth, Global Affairs and Mediterranean Politics.

Download or read book Avian Medicine written by Thomas N. Tully and published by Butterworth-Heinemann Medical. This book was released on 2000 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * At last: a book on avian medicine aimed at the general veterinary practitioner * This multi-author text combines best practice tips and different techniques from avian experts worldwide, providing quick access to crucial information for the non-specialist * Here is a complete information source on the basics of avian medicine and surgery that should be required reading for every veterinary practitioner

Download or read book Atlas of International Freshwater Agreements written by United Nations and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2002 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water treaties, agreements and conventions abound, but knowledge of them, and the relevant records, used to be scattered and not always easily accessible. Utilizing historical documents, statistical analyses, and maps, the Atlas presents both a graphic and textual analysis and documentation of the world's international basins and their agreements. This Atlas builds upon knowledge stored in existing environmental legislative databases in an attempt to consolidate and disseminate information about shared water treaties. It yields a better understanding of existing treaties and treaty development through time, provide a basis for negotiating new agreements, and organizes the underlying knowledge for improving environmental governance throughout the world.

Download or read book Practical Laboratory Mycology written by Elmer W. Koneman and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Relations and the Labour Party written by Lucian M. Ashworth and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "From 1918 to 1945, the British Labour Party worked closely with some of the most prominent names in international relations (IR) scholarship. Through such structures as the 'Advisory Committee on International Questions', academic IR specialists were instrumental in the construction of Labour foreign policy, preparing a wealth of memoranda, reports and pamphlets for the Party. Here, Lucian Ashworth examines the crucial role played by IR theorists. He puts the international theories of five key writers - Leonard Woolf, H.N. Brailsford, Philip Noel Baker, Norman Angell and David Mitrany - into the context of both the development of Labour's international policy and the evolution of the international environment between the wars. He demonstrates the inadequacy of the current interpretation within IR of the inter-war period and argues the obsession with the anachronistic division between realism and idealism - terms that had different connotations before World War II - masks both the very different debates that were going on at the time, and the changing international landscape of the inter-war period itself."--Bloomsbury Publishing.

Download or read book Fresh from the Farm 6pk written by Rigby and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: