Download or read book The Story of Our Numbers written by Zelda King and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains the history of written numbers, from ancient Roman numerals to the invention of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system and the spread of the Arabic numeral system around the world.
Download or read book Fibonacci s Liber Abaci written by Laurence Sigler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1202, Fibonacci’s Liber Abaci was one of the most important books on mathematics in the Middle Ages, introducing Arabic numerals and methods throughout Europe. This is the first translation into a modern European language, of interest not only to historians of science but also to all mathematicians and mathematics teachers interested in the origins of their methods.
Download or read book The Man of Numbers written by Keith Devlin and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2011-11-07 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1202, a 32-year old Italian finished one of the most influential books of all time, which introduced modern arithmetic to Western Europe. Devised in India in the seventh and eighth centuries and brought to North Africa by Muslim traders, the Hindu-Arabic system helped transform the West into the dominant force in science, technology, and commerce, leaving behind Muslim cultures which had long known it but had failed to see its potential. The young Italian, Leonardo of Pisa (better known today as Fibonacci), had learned the Hindu number system when he traveled to North Africa with his father, a customs agent. The book he created was Liber abbaci, the 'Book of Calculation', and the revolution that followed its publication was enormous. Arithmetic made it possible for ordinary people to buy and sell goods, convert currencies, and keep accurate records of possessions more readily than ever before. Liber abbaci's publication led directly to large-scale international commerce and the scientific revolution of the Renaissance. Yet despite the ubiquity of his discoveries, Leonardo of Pisa remains an enigma. His name is best known today in association with an exercise in Liber abbaci whose solution gives rise to a sequence of numbers - the Fibonacci sequence - used by some to predict the rise and fall of financial markets, and evident in myriad biological structures. In The Man of Numbers, Keith Devlin recreates the life and enduring legacy of an overlooked genius, and in the process makes clear how central numbers and mathematics are to our daily lives.
Download or read book The Development of Arabic Numerals in Europe written by Sir George Francis Hill and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Origin of the Arabic Numerals written by Adel S. Bishtawi and published by Authorhouse UK. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wonder of the unique Arabic numerals is so blunted by common use we forget sometimes that their sudden disappearance might cause our civilisation to grind to a halt with catastrophic consequences. The invention of the system was as a great a revolution as the invention of writing, and to both the transition from barbarism to civilisation is attributed. Indeed, both may have a single source created in a time beyond the horizon of our remotest past. Contrary to what is generally believed, there lies the origin of the Arabic numerals - beyond the horizon of our remotest past. The history of our ancient numerals has been an intriguing mystery. For over two centuries historians of numbers have tried to trace the roots of the system. Hundreds of manuscripts have been analysed and then reanalysed, historical accounts studied, and book after book churned out but remarkably, solid leads to the origin of the numerals remained cold. Almost despairingly, Karl Menninger confessed that the "desire to hold in one's hand the key to a mystery which experts have sought for in vain remains alive in all periods of history". In this thoroughly researched book, historian Adel S. Bishtawi believes the mystery has been unlocked, and in the process, much more was found than expected. If his conclusions are correct, our numerals, which are miniature drawings of the hand and fingers, may be 5000-7000 years old. Moreover, it is known that numerals were invented before the letters of alphabets. It is probable that some of these numerals were employed as letters in the universal alphabet used by most nations.
Download or read book Hindu arabic Numerals written by Smith David Eugene and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A History of Mathematical Notations written by Florian Cajori and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic study notes the origin of a mathematical symbol, the competition it encountered, its spread among writers in different countries, its rise to popularity, and its eventual decline or ultimate survival. 1929 edition.
Download or read book Can You Count in Greek written by Judy Leimbach and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discovering the way people in ancient cultures conducted their lives is fascinating for young people, and learning how these people counted and calculated is a part of understanding these cultures. This book offers a concise, but thorough, introduction to ancient number systems. Students won't just learn to count like the ancient Greeks; they'll learn about the number systems of the Mayans, Babylonians, Egyptians, and Romans, as well as learning Hindu-Arabic cultures and quinary and binary systems. Symbols and rules regarding the use of the symbols in each number system are introduced and demonstrated with examples. Activity pages provide problems for the students to apply their understanding of each system. Can You Count in Greek? is a great resource for math, as well as a supplement for social studies units on ancient civilizations. This valuable resource builds understanding of place value, number theory, and reasoning. It includes everything you need to easily incorporate these units in math or social studies classes. Whether you use all of the units or a select few, your students will gain a better understanding and appreciation of our number system. Grades 5-8
Download or read book The Hidden Language of Graphic Signs written by John Bodel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-19 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book zeroes in on hidden writing and alternative systems of graphic notation, exploring writings that deflect attention from language.
Download or read book Reckonings written by Stephen Chrisomalis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insights from the history of numerical notation suggest that how humans write numbers is an active choice involving cognitive and social factors. Over the past 5,000 years, more than 100 methods of numerical notation--distinct ways of writing numbers--have been developed and used by specific communities. Most of these are barely known today; where they are known, they are often derided as cognitively cumbersome and outdated. In Reckonings, Stephen Chrisomalis considers how humans past and present use numerals, reinterpreting historical and archaeological representations of numerical notation and exploring the implications of why we write numbers with figures rather than words.
Download or read book The History of Zero written by Tika Downey and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looks at counting systems and the history of the number zero.
Download or read book Numerical Notation written by Stephen Chrisomalis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-18 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a cross-cultural reference volume of all attested numerical notation systems, encompassing more than 100 such systems used over the past 5,500 years. Using a typology that defies unilinear evolutionary models, Stephen Chrisomalis identifies five basic types of numerical notation systems, tracks relationships between systems, and creates a general model of change that incorporates social, historical, and cognitive factors.
Download or read book Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci written by L. E. Sigler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Book of Squares by Fibonacci is a gem in the mathematical literature and one of the most important mathematical treatises written in the Middle Ages. It is a collection of theorems on indeterminate analysis and equations of second degree which yield, among other results, a solution to a problem proposed by Master John of Palermo to Leonardo at the Court of Frederick II. The book was dedicated and presented to the Emperor at Pisa in 1225. Dating back to the 13th century the book exhibits the early and continued fascination of men with our number system and the relationship among numbers with special properties such as prime numbers, squares, and odd numbers. The faithful translation into modern English and the commentary by the translator make this book accessible to professional mathematicians and amateurs who have always been intrigued by the lure of our number system.
Download or read book From One to Zero written by Georges Ifrah and published by Penguin Group. This book was released on 1987 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Traces the development of numerical systems in Sumerian, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Chinese, Babylonian, and Mayan cultures, and examines the origins of the Hindu-Arabic numerals we use today"--Back cover.
Download or read book Encyclopaedia Britannica written by Hugh Chisholm and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 1090 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eleventh edition was developed during the encyclopaedia's transition from a British to an American publication. Some of its articles were written by the best-known scholars of the time and it is considered to be a landmark encyclopaedia for scholarship and literary style.
Download or read book The Hindu Arabic Numerals written by David Eugene Smith and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concise history of the origin and development of Hindu-Arabic numerals recounts international labors of scholars, assesses the historical testimony, and draws conclusions from the evidence. 1911 edition.
Download or read book The Book of Numbers written by John Goodman and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-11-09 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book displays large images of numerals used in all of the world's major numbering systems from antiquity to the present. Numbers 1 to 20 are displayed in almost all of these numbering systems, and the tens, hundreds, thousands and beyond are displayed where place value systems with zero are not used. These images are greatly enlarged so that those newly encountering them can appreciate and remember them more easily. Numbers are very important in almost every branch of learning. They are the basic essentials of trade and commerce as well as architecture, building and construction. Then there are the fields of mathematics and astronomy as well as almost every other branch of learning. The book begins with the numbering systems of the ancient Inca and Maya and then progresses to the numerals etched on oracle bones in China 3,400 years ago. The Chinese use of zero and negative numbers in rod numerals is also covered. Following this are the Babylonian cuneiform numbers and Egyptian hieroglyphic and hieratic numbers. Then the first European numbering system from Minoan Crete is followed by Phoenician, Attic and Etruscan numerals. Roman numerals and Ionian Greek alphabetic numerals are presented with an explanation of how they had their origin in the Phoenician alphabet. Then we move on to the partly Greek-derived numerals used by the Ethiopians who speak the Semitic Amharic language. The alphabetic Hebrew numerals of Greek inspiration are followed by the Arabic abjad numerals which assign numbers to the letters of the Arabic alphabet. Armenian and Georgian numbers are also displayed and then the Kharosthi numerals of Afghanistan and India. Emphasis is then placed on the Brahmi numerals of 4th century BC India which gave rise to all of the numbering systems of modern India and Southeast Asia as well as Tibet and Mongolia and even Europe. The Indian development of the concept of zero and a place value system is also covered in detail. Dozens of images are shown of numbers in the Devanagari, Gujarati, Punjabi, Bengali, Odiya, Telugu, Kannada, Tamil and Malayalam scripts. Then the stylistic but obsolete Sinhala numerals of Sri Lanka are followed by the Javanese, Burmese, Khmer, Thai and Lao numerals. Finally the Eastern Arabic numerals used in modern Arabic speaking countries appear with Persian variants. Next are the medieval European variants of Western Arabic numbers, including those from the Codex Vigilanus of the year 976 and numerals from 11th century France. The numerals of Bernelinus, a pupil of Pope Sylvester II, are followed by the 12th century numerals of Gerlandus of Besancon and the 13th century numerals of the English scholar Roger Bacon.
