Download or read book Organohalogen Compounds in the Marine Environment written by United Nations Environment Programme. Mediterranean Action Plan and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organohalogen Compounds in the Marine Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds A Comprehensive Update written by Gordon W. Gribble and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the long association of organohalogen compounds with human activities, nature is the producer of nearly 5,000 halogen-containing chemicals. Once dismissed as accidents of nature or isolation artifacts, organohalogen compounds represent an important and ever growing class of natural products, in many cases exhibiting exceptional biological activity. Since the last comprehensive review in 1996 (Vol. 68, this series), there have been discovered an additional 2,500 organochlorine, organobromine, and other organohalogen compounds. These natural organohalogens are biosynthesized by bacteria, fungi, lichen, plants, marine organisms of all types, insects, and higher animals including humans. These compounds are also formed abiogenically, as in volcanoes, forest fires, and other geothermal events.In some instances, natural organohalogens are precisely the same chemicals that man synthesizes for industrial use, and some of the quantities of these natural chemicals far exceed the quantities emitted by man.
Download or read book Natural Production of Organohalogen Compounds written by Gordon W. Gribble and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-07-25 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge on naturally occurring organohalogens, of which more than 3700 are documented. The chapters cover all aspects of this field, including the structural diversity and sources of organohalogens, the mechanisms for their formation and biodegradation, the clinical use of dichloroacetate, and the synthesis of the powerful anticancer chlorine-containing cryptophycin. Both biogenic and abiogenic sources of organohalogens are treated, the latter of which include volcanic emissions and abiogenic formation in soil. Halogenation in humans, fungi, and in the ocean are covered in separate chapters. Sources and biosynthesis of the relatively rare natural organofluorines are also discussed in this volume. By better understanding of the role nature plays in the area of organohalogens, we can more intelligently regulate the production, use, and disposal of man-made organohalogen compounds.
Download or read book Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds written by A. Douglas Kinghorn and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-24 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number — from fewer than 25 in 1968 — to approximately 8,000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
Download or read book Concentrations of Organohalogen Compounds in the West Nordic Compared to the Baltic Region written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological Toxicology Research written by A. D. McIntyre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Conference on the Ecotoxicity of Heavy Metals and Organohalogen Com pounds was held under the auspices of the NATO Science Committee as part of its continuing effort to promote the useful progress of science through international cooperation. Science Committee Conferences are deliberately designed to focus atten tion on unsolved problems, with invited participants providing a variety of complementary expertise. Through intensive group discussion they seek to reach a consensus on assessments and recommendations for future research emphases, which it is hoped will be of value to the larger scientific commu nity. The subjects treated in previous Conferences have been as varied as science itself-e.g., computer software, chemical catalysis, oceanography, and materials and energy research. This volume presents an account of a meeting which evolved from studies within the Science Committee's advisory panel on Eco-Sciences. Environmental monitoring of toxic substances from industrial and agricultural sources is pro ducing a growing volume of data on the quantities of such substances in terres trial and aquatic milieus. Before this information can be used to assess biological effects, knowledge is required of the chemical form of the pollutants, the mecha nisms by which they enter and move through organisms, their concomitant transformations, the nature of the toxic reactions within tissues, and the way in which the physiology and behavior of individuals is affected.
Download or read book Naturally Produced Organohalogens written by Anders Grimvall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should the production and use of chlorine and all chlorinated organic compounds be halted, in view of their adverse effects on the environment and human health? Those in favour argue that certain chlorinated compounds (PCBs, DDT, CFCs, etc.) have large negative environmental effects. The use of chlorine in disinfectants leads to the production of chloroform, while bulk products (PVC) contribute to the production of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans when they are burned. Those against argue that chlorine and many chlorinated compounds are essential in the control of human health (the prevention of disease transmitted through drinking water that has not been disinfected), and that chlorinated compounds are indispensable intermediates in many production processes, representing a vast economic value. But such discussions often ignore the fact that Nature contributes significantly to the production of chlorinated organic compounds. More than 1000 such compounds are known, and their contribution to the biogeochemical cycling of chlorine is underestimated. Chlorine is organically bound in large quantities to humic materials, and natural production mechanisms are known for low molecular weight compounds (methyl chloride, chloroform, chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans). The role of these compounds in the environment is largely unknown. Naturally-Produced Organohalogens gives a complete overview of the present state of knowledge on the subject, giving a much needed balance to the argument sketched out above.
Download or read book Balancing of Organohalogen Compounds in the Baltic Sea written by Walter Klöpffer and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine ecosystems, maritime protection, exposure, occurrence, distribution patterns, modelling, EURAM, load, persistence, biodegradation, bioaccumulation, ecotoxicity, Baltic Sea, HELCOM, hexachlorobenzene, lindane, tretrachlor-ethene, trichloroacetic acid, Tributyltin, chlorinated paraffins.
Download or read book New Types of Persistent Halogenated Compounds written by Jaakko Paasivirta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-01-26 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Chemistry is a relatively young science. Interest in this subject, however, is growing very rapidly and, although no agreement has been reached as yet about the exact content and limits of this interdisciplinary discipline, there appears to be increasing interest in seeing environmental topics which are based on chemistry embodied in this subject. One of the first objectives of Environ mental Chemistry must be the study of the environment and of natural chemical processes which occur in the environment. A major purpose of this series on Environmental Chemistry, therefore, is to present a reasonably uniform view of various aspects of the chemistry of the environment and chemical reactions occurring in the environment. The industrial activities of man have given a new dimension to Environ mental Chemistry. We have now synthesized and described over five million chemical compounds and chemical industry produces about hundred and fifty million tons of synthetic chemicals annually. We ship billions of tons of oil per year and through mining operations and other geophysical modifications, large quantities of inorganic and organic materials are released from their natural deposits. Cities and metropolitan areas of up to 15 million inhabitants produce large quantities of waste in relatively small and confined areas. Much of the chemical products and waste products of modern society are released into the environment either during production, storage, transport, use or ultimate disposal. These released materials participate in natural cycles and reactions and frequently lead to interference and disturbance of natural systems.
Download or read book Reactive Halogen Compounds in the Atmosphere written by Peter Fabian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-04-09 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by numerous experts
Download or read book Organic Halogens written by C. Grøn and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment written by D. MacKay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains papers selected from those presented at the International Symposium on the Analysis of Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment, May 23-25, 1978. The Symposium was organized by the National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada and the Institute for Environmental Studies of the University of Toronto. The purpose of the Symposium and of this volume was to bring together information on the analyses, behaviour and effects of hydro carbons and halogenated hydrocarbons on the aquatic environment. This class of contaminants presents many difficult analytical pro blems, and to a large extent our ability to identify environmental problems and assess their severity, depends on the availability of proved analytical techniques. By exposing workers in this field to the techniques and results of others we hope that progress can be made towards solving the many problems caused by these substances. The papers in this volume are divided into five categories: two plenary session addresses given by J.P. Bruce and O. Hutzinger, 11 papers describing quantitative analytical results, 12 papers on analytical methods, 9 papers on incidence, monitoring and pathways; and finally, 13 papers on drinking water, health and biological effects. We were fortunate in having the support of the many organizations and individuals listed after this preface. In particular we thank B.F. Scott and R. Knechtel for their help in organizing the Symposium, S. Paterson, C. Straka, B. Reuber, A. Bobra, R. Wan, S. Austin, G.E.
Download or read book Environmental Inorganic Chemistry for Engineers written by James G. Speight and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2017-05-10 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Inorganic Chemistry for Engineers explains the principles of inorganic contaminant behavior, also applying these principles to explore available remediation technologies, and providing the design, operation, and advantages or disadvantages of the various remediation technologies. Written for environmental engineers and researchers, this reference provides the tools and methods that are imperative to protect and improve the environment. The book's three-part treatment starts with a clear and rigorous exposition of metals, including topics such as preparations, structures and bonding, reactions and properties, and complex formation and sequestering. This coverage is followed by a self-contained section concerning complex formation, sequestering, and organometallics, including hydrides and carbonyls. Part Two, Non-Metals, provides an overview of chemical periodicity and the fundamentals of their structure and properties. Clearly explains the principles of inorganic contaminant behavior in order to explore available remediation technologies Provides the design, operation, and advantages or disadvantages of the various remediation technologies Presents a clear exposition of metals, including topics such as preparations, structures, and bonding, reaction and properties, and complex formation and sequestering
Download or read book Research Handbook on International Marine Environmental Law written by Rosemary Rayfuse and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative Handbook examines the current state of and the future challenges for international law in addressing the key activities that pose threats to the marine environment. It provides a critical analysis of, and constructive solutions for, the international legal regime for the protection of the marine environment and identifies areas of vital research need for the future. The in-depth chapters, written by emerging and established experts in their fields, explore the legal framework for protection of the marine environment and look at issues such as pollution, seabed activities, and climate change as well as discussing the protection of marine biodiversity and considering regional approaches to the protection of the marine environment. Each chapter goes beyond a survey of existing law to identify the shortcomings in the legal regime and areas of critical research needed to address these shortcomings. This timely book provides significant insights into contemporary issues surrounding the efficacy of the regime created by the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention and details the further work needed to ensure the design and implementation of effective regulation and management of human activities that affect the marine environment. Students and academics researching in the law of the sea and environmental law will find the Handbook central to their subject areas. The analyses and reform proposals are an invaluable resource for government and policy practitioners, as well as IGOs and NGOs involved in marine environmental issues.
Download or read book Issues in Global Environment Freshwater and Marine Environments 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 1320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Global Environment: Freshwater and Marine Environments: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Global Environment—Freshwater and Marine Environments. The editors have built Issues in Global Environment: Freshwater and Marine Environments: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Global Environment—Freshwater and Marine Environments in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Global Environment: Freshwater and Marine Environments: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Chemical Processes in Marine Environments written by Antonio Gianguzza and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses recent developments in the study of chemical processes and equilibria in the marine environment and in the air/water and water/sediment interfaces. The chemical cycle of carbon as well as the effect of organic substances on the speciation and distribution of inorganic and organometallic substances are extensively discussed. Much of the recent progress in the area is the direct result of advanced analytical technologies and chemometric applications which are highlighted in the book.
