Download or read book Organization outside Organizations written by Göran Ahrne and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-18 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the organizational aspects of contemporary society, explaining how organization occurs not only inside formal organizations, but also outside and among them.
Download or read book The Art of Sanctions written by Richard Nephew and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nations and international organizations are increasingly using sanctions as a means to achieve their foreign policy aims. However, sanctions are ineffective if they are executed without a clear strategy responsive to the nature and changing behavior of the target. In The Art of Sanctions, Richard Nephew offers a much-needed practical framework for planning and applying sanctions that focuses not just on the initial sanctions strategy but also, crucially, on how to calibrate along the way and how to decide when sanctions have achieved maximum effectiveness. Nephew—a leader in the design and implementation of sanctions on Iran—develops guidelines for interpreting targets’ responses to sanctions based on two critical factors: pain and resolve. The efficacy of sanctions lies in the application of pain against a target, but targets may have significant resolve to resist, tolerate, or overcome this pain. Understanding the interplay of pain and resolve is central to using sanctions both successfully and humanely. With attention to these two key variables, and to how they change over the course of a sanctions regime, policy makers can pinpoint when diplomatic intervention is likely to succeed or when escalation is necessary. Focusing on lessons learned from sanctions on both Iran and Iraq, Nephew provides policymakers with practical guidance on how to measure and respond to pain and resolve in the service of strong and successful sanctions regimes.
Download or read book Intermediate Sanctions written by Bruce R. Hopkins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-04-25 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the requirements of the new intermediate sanctions law? What is the definition of an excess benefit transaction? How will financial penalties be determined? How will sanctions be applied? What are the law's expanded reporting and disclosure requirements? What can nonprofits do to plan for compliance? These are just some of the questions you may be asking about intermediate sanctions, the most important legislation to impact the nonprofit sector in a generation. This unique guide tackles these crucial issues and more, equipping you with the vital information you need to understand the new rules and work with them effectively. Written by two of the country's leading authorities on tax-exempt organizations, Intermediate Sanctions reviews the history and background of the act, and systematically examines how this body of law promises to affect the operations of public charities and other tax-exempt organizations. Clear and direct in approach, the book features down-to-earth examples throughout, making it an essential practical resource for lawyers, accountants, managers, and others working in the nonprofit arena.
Download or read book Economic Sanctions Reconsidered History and current policy written by Gary Clyde Hufbauer and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 1990 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Organizations and Legal Sanctions Against Governments written by DIMITRIS. LIAKOPOULOS and published by . This book was released on 2020-08-24 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sanctions as War written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-12-20 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sanctions as War is the first critical analysis of economic sanctions from a global perspective. Featuring case studies from 11 sanctioned countries and theoretical essays, it will be of immediate interest to those interested in understanding how sanctions became the common sense of American foreign policy.
Download or read book Tax exempt Organizations Intermediate Sanctions Section 4958 written by Celia Roady and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " ... discusses in detail the applicable sanctions that, under [section] 4958, may be imposed on so-called "excess benefit transactions" involving [section] 501(c)(3) public charities, [section] 501(c)(4) organizations, and their insiders. Enacted in 1996 by the Taxpayer Bill of Rights 2, [section] 4958 was added to the Internal Revenue Code to provide the IRS with a tool to penalize insiders of [section] 501(c)(3) public charities and [section] 501(c)(4) organizations who receive excess compensation or engage in unfair business transactions with the organizations, as well as managers who knowingly approve such arrangements. Section 4958 imposes an excise tax on a "disqualified person"--A person with substantial control over the organization--who receives excessive economic benefit from the organization, as well as on the organization manager(s) who approves the benefit knowing it to be excessive. The IRS may choose to invoke these penalties on the disqualified person as an alternative to revoking the organization's tax exemption, hence the term "intermediate sanctions" to describe this new penalty regime. Amendments made by the Pension Protection Act of 2006 extended the intermediate sanctions penalty system to certain transactions involving donor advised funds and supporting organizations and their substantial contributors, even when there is no "excess" benefit"--Page i.
Download or read book Les propheties anciennes written by and published by . This book was released on 1625* with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Sanctions and American Diplomacy written by Richard Haass and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 1998 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What cannot be disputed is that economic sanctions are increasingly at the center of American foreign policy: to stem the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, promote human rights, discourage aggression, protect the environment, and thwart drug trafficking.
Download or read book The Law of Intermediate Sanctions written by Bruce R. Hopkins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law of Intermediate Sanctions provides an up-to-date analysis of this new law and its application to tax-exempt organizations." "The book also includes coverage of the final intermediate sanction regulations published by the IRS in early 2002. Aside from curbing nonprofit abuse, the new sanctions promise to significantly increase the practices of lawyers and accountants who specialize in tax-exemption law. Hopkins's The Law of Intermediate Sanctions will be their primary resource."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Organizations and Sanctions written by Malcolm D. Schlusberg and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discussion Materials on Organizational Sanctions written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Sanctions Agencies Face Competing Priorities in Enforcing the U S Embargo on Cuba written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Sanctions Decade written by David Cortright and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the end of the Cold War, economic sanctions have been a frequent instrument of UN authority. Based on more than 200 interviews with officials from both sides, this book aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of UN sanctions in the 1990s.
Download or read book The Tax Treatment of Exempt Organizations written by Harry G. Gourevitch and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Targeted Sanctions written by Thomas J. Biersteker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-17 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematically analyzes the impacts and the effectiveness of UN targeted sanctions over the past quarter century.
Download or read book Sanctions written by Bruce W. Jentleson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-09-27 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Even before the extensive sanctions imposed on Russia for its 2022 invasion of Ukraine, it was hard to browse the news without seeing reports of yet another set of sanctions. The United States has sanctions against over 30 countries as well as drug traffickers, terrorist organizations and specially designated individuals. China long has been a target of sanctions and in recent years increasingly a wielder against countries and companies even organizations like the National Basketball Association (NBA). Russia also has been sanctions sender as well as target. The European Union has joined some of the American sanctions as well as imposing its own. In some cases the United Nations has authorized fully multilateral sanctions. While being used more frequently in recent years sanctions go back decades, indeed centuries, to such cases as the 432 BC Athens against Sparta and Napoleon's 1808-1814 Continental System. Given such frequency of use, you'd think sanctions were a sure-fire weapon. Yet the record is quite mixed. So some initial puzzles: Why are economic sanctions used so much? What are the key factors affecting their success? These and related questions are well suited for an Oxford University Press What Everyone Needs to Know book. They long have been important among international relations scholars, spanning international security and international political economy subfields. And with sanctions such a recurring foreign policy strategy, they are crucial for policy makers. As someone who has both studied sanctions as a scholar and worked on these issues while serving in key U.S. foreign policy positions, Bruce W. Jentleson is well suited to provide analysis valuable for students, scholars and practitioners"--
