Download or read book Organization of Afferents from the Brain Stem Nuclei to the Cerebellar Cortex in the Cat written by B. Brown Gould and published by . This book was released on 1980-09-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organization of Afferents from the Brain Stem Nuclei to the Cerebellar Cortex in the Cat written by B. Brown Gould and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The afferent connections of the cerebellar cortex of the cat have been extensively in vestigated by Alf Brodal and his collaborators using retrograde degeneration methods. These experiments (reviewed in Larsell and Jansen 1972) established that cerebellar corti cal afferents arise from widespread areas of the brain stem and spinal cord. Brain stem nuclei shown to provide input to the cerebellar cortex included the pontine nuclei, the medial and descending vestibular nuclei, vestibular cell group x, the lateral reticular nucleus, the perihypoglossal nuclei, the paramedian reticular nucleus, the inferior olive, and the external cuneate nucleus. In addition, the red nucleus and certain of the raphe nuclei were thought to send fibers to the intracerebellar nuclei, but not to the cortex. With the advent of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique, new information on the distribution and organization of cerebellar cortical afferents has recently be come available. Thus Gould and Graybiel (1976) demonstrated that afferents to the cat cerebellar cortex arise from a previously undescribed lateral tegmental cell group at the level of the isthmus and from the intracerebellar nuclei, as well as from the classic precerebellar nuclei. Moreover, these studies showed that fibers from the vestibular nuclei, previously thought to be distributed only to the flocculonodular lobe and uvula, reach widespread areas of the cerebellar cortex. Experiments by other investi gators have established that the cerebellar cortex of the cat receives afferents from cer tain of the raphe nuclei (Shinnar et al. 1975; Taber Pierce et al.
Download or read book Intrinsic Neuronal Organization of the Vestibular Nuclear Complex in the cat written by Eivinn Hauglie-Hanssen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The olivo cerebellar system written by Egidio D'Angelo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decades, investigations on the olivo-cerebellar system have attained a high level of sophistication, which led to redefinitions of several structural and functional properties of neurons, synapses, connections and circuits. Research has expanded and deepened in so many directions and so many theories and models have been proposed that an ensemble review of the matter is now needed. Yet, hot topics remain open and scientific discussion is very lively at several fronts. One major question, here as well as in other major brain circuits, is how single neurons and synaptic properties emerge at the network level and contribute to behavioural regulation via neuronal plasticity. Other major aspects that this Research Topic covers and discusses include the development and circuit organization of the olivo-cerebellar network, the established and recent theories of learning and motor control, and the emerging role of the cerebellum in cognitive processing. By touching on such varied and encompassing subjects, this Frontiers Special Topic aims to highlight the state of the art and stimulate future research. We hope that this unique collection of high-quality articles from experts in the field will provide scientists with a powerful basis of knowledge and inspiration to enucleate the major issues deserving further attention.
Download or read book The Inferior Colliculus written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-05 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Connecting the auditory brain stem to sensory, motor, and limbic systems, the inferior colliculus is a critical midbrain station for auditory processing. Winer and Schreiner's The Inferior Colliculus, a critical, comprehensive reference, presents the current knowledge of the inferior colliculus from a variety of perspectives, including anatomical, physiological, developmental, neurochemical, biophysical, neuroethological and clinical vantage points. Written by leading researchers in the field, the book is an ideal introduction to the inferior colliculus and central auditory processing for clinicians, otolaryngologists, graduate and postgraduate research workers in the auditory and other sensory-motor systems.
Download or read book Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders written by Mario Manto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-08-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our knowledge of cerebellar functions and cerebellar disorders, called ataxias, is increasing considerably. Studies of the cerebellum are now a central focus in neuroscience. During the last four decades, many laboratories worldwide have dedicated their research activities to understanding the roles of the cerebellum in motor control, cognitive processes and biology of mental processes, behavioral symptoms, and emotion. It is now accepted that the cerebellum acts as a cognitive operator in learning, perception, and attention. Moreover, major improvements in our assessment of in vivo cerebellar architecture using imaging techniques have occurred. A typical example is the accurate description of cerebellar anatomy during fetal development with MRI, a progress which has direct impacts on patient care. These advances have been associated with discoveries of new clinical disorders, in particular in the field of genetic ataxias. More than 20 new genes have been identified these last 10 years. Only for dominant ataxias, more than 30 diseases have now been unravelled. The number of ataxic disorders will increase with aging, the cerebellum being the structure of the brain with the most important loss of neurons with age. More than 300 different cerebellar disorders are encountered during daily practice, but we are missing a single source of information explaining their pathogenesis. Despite the immense amount of knowledge acquired about the cerebellar circuitry these last years, a large book covering the neuroscience of the cerebellum is missing. The goal of this endeavour is to bring up to date information relevant for basic science and also for clinical activities. To reach this goal, the most renowned authors are gathered in a unique and in-depth book with a format of a handbook. We emphasize the connections between molecular findings, imaging features, behavioural/neuropsychological aspects, and clinical implications.
Download or read book The Human Nervous System written by George Paxinos and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 1211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Human Nervous System is a definitive account of human neuroanatomy, with a comprehensive coverage of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. The cytoarchitecture, chemoarchitecture, connectivity, and major functions of neuronal structures are examined by acknowledged authorities in the field, such as: Alheid, Amaral, Armstrong, Beitz, Burke, de Olmos, Difiglia, Garey, Gerrits, Gibbins, Holstege, Kaas, Martin, McKinley, Norgren, Ohye, Paxinos, Pearson, Pioro, Price, Saper, Sasaki, Schoenen, Tadork, Voogd, Webster, Zilles, and their associates. Large, clearly designed 8-1/2" x 11" format 35 information-packed chapters 500 photomicrographs and diagrams 6,200 bibliographic entries Table of contents for every chapter Exceptionally cross-referenced Detailed subject index Substantial original research work Mini atlases of some brain regions
Download or read book Neuroanatomy of the Oculomotor System written by Jean A. Büttner-Ennever and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-09 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume in the Progress in Brain Research series features reviews on the functional neuroanatomy and connectivity of the brain areas involved in controlling eye movements. Oculomotor control of the eyes is now the subject of many research projects and advances in this field are relevant to understanding motor control in general.
Download or read book Somatosensory System written by Ainsley Iggo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 861 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The waterproof sensory sheet covering the mammalian body has a rich afferent innervation which provides an abundance of complex information for use by the central nervous system often in conjunction with information from receptors in the joints. This book is an attempt to provide a systematic account of the way in which this somatosensory system works. The properties of the peripheral receptors have been debated in scientific terms for about a century and the resolu tion of the conflict in favour of the existence of 'specific' receptors for mechanical, thermal and noxious stimuli is reported and discussed in the opening chapters of the book. An awareness of this specificity has forced a re-consideration of the ways in which the central nervous system de-codes the information which is showered upon it. Advances in knowledge of the fine structure of the central nervous system have raised functional questions about the operation and organisation of the sensory systems in the spinal cord and brain. Fresh insight into the morphological complexity of the dorsal horn and higher levels of the nervous system gives the physiologist a clearer idea of the units with which he works. Progress has been made in understanding the function of sensory relay nuclei in general and indivi dual tracts in particular and is fully decomented.
Download or read book The Cranial Nerves written by M. Samii and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No special field of surgery dealing with the cranial nerves exists today. This is not surprising in view of the characteristics of this group of morphologically and topo graphically heterogenous nerves. Morphologically we must differentiate between central nerves (I, II and VIII) and the so-called peripheral nerves (nn. III to VII and IX to XII), in which post-lesion rgeneration is quite different. Anatomo-topographi cally we must consider an intracranial and an extracranial part of each cranial nerve. For practical reasons at operation, further subdivisions of the intracranial course of cranial nerves are to be distinguished in the anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossae as well as within the petrous bone. This underscores the extensive tasks awaiting surgeons operating in the ventral part of the brain and facial skull as well as in the more dorsal part of the skull and neck. This very wide field cannot be covered by a single surgical discipline alone. In our opinion, considerable progress has been made in surgery of the cranial nerves only in recent years. This may be explained by the increased mastery of microsurgical techniques by all surgeons in terested in the surgery of the base of the skull as well as with the initiation of more interdisciplinary consultation and jointly performed operations. Possibilities of fu ture development can be discerned in the text. The base of the skull separating the extra-and intracranial part of cranial nerves should not be a barrier but a connect ing link.
Download or read book Cerebellar Dentate Nucleus written by V. Chan-Palay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent physiologic investigations have shown that the deep cerebellar nuclei may play an important role in the initiation and monitoring of skilled move ments. Much of this physiologic work has been carried out in the absence of a secure foundation in neuroanatomical information. Although the main sources of the afferent fibers and the major terminations of the efferent fibers related to these nuclei have been known for many years, remarkably little information about the organization of the nuclei themselves has been collected. The kinds of nerve cells, their arrangement within the nuclei, the patterns of their dendritic arborizations, the distribution of incoming fibers among the neurons, the relationship between the outgoing nerve fibers and the nerve cells from which they originate - these and many other morphologic features were either unknown or only superficially explored. In fact, so little was known about the deep cerebellar nuclei when I began to work on this subject that the investigations reported here are virtually without antecedents, a refreshing change from the cerebellar cortex which has been repeatedly and exhaustively surveyed. My studies on the cerebellar nuclei began in the spring of 1972. They were initiated with the intent of applying the principles of analysis that had been developed for the cerebellar cortex to a different but related part of the brain.
Download or read book Descending Pathways to the Spinal Cord written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Descending Pathways to the Spinal Cord
Download or read book Transcranial Sonography in Movement Disorders written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-09-24 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial Sonography in Movement Disorders
Download or read book Biology of the Reptilia written by Carl Gans and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 17.
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Primary Afferent Neuron written by Wolfgang Zenker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on contributions presented at the symposion "The Primary Afferent Neuron: A survey oj recent morpho:functional aspects. H held in Zurich on March 24th. 1988 in connection with the 83rd Congregation of the German Anatomical SOCiety. Members of the Anatomical Society as well as non-member researchers were invited to join a circle of specialists to discuss the topiC of primary afferents. In addition. some aspects which had not been dealt with at the Symposion because of shortage of time are represented by invited reviews included in this volume. As sCientific research on the primary afferent neuron is so extensive. it is impossible to take inventory of all the present activities on this subject. This book attempts to provide an overview of various aspects of high actuality and. in particular. shows how morphological research contributes to our present -day concepts of the primary afferent neuron. Although fundamental knowledge on morphology and physiology of the spinal ganglion cell seems to be well established. many questions of the past and the present still await conclusive answers. Thus. many question-marks deter mine the conceptual layout of this book (Fig. 1): First. the peripheral sensory field. and. in particular, the peripheral sensory receptors are discussed.
Download or read book Introduction to EEG and Speech Based Emotion Recognition written by Priyanka A. Abhang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-23 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to EEG- and Speech-Based Emotion Recognition Methods examines the background, methods, and utility of using electroencephalograms (EEGs) to detect and recognize different emotions. By incorporating these methods in brain-computer interface (BCI), we can achieve more natural, efficient communication between humans and computers. This book discusses how emotional states can be recognized in EEG images, and how this is useful for BCI applications. EEG and speech processing methods are explored, as are the technological basics of how to operate and record EEGs. Finally, the authors include information on EEG-based emotion recognition, classification, and a proposed EEG/speech fusion method for how to most accurately detect emotional states in EEG recordings. Provides detailed insight on the science of emotion and the brain signals underlying this phenomenon Examines emotions as a multimodal entity, utilizing a bimodal emotion recognition system of EEG and speech data Details the implementation of techniques used for acquiring as well as analyzing EEG and speech signals for emotion recognition
