Download or read book Optional Time of use Prices for Electricity written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine customers' time-of-use (TOU) demand for electricity and their choice between standard and TOU rate schedules. We specify an econometric model in which the customer's demand curves determine the customer's choice of rate schedule. We estimate the model on data from Pacific Gas & Electric Company's experiment with optional TOU prices in the residential sector. With the model, we compare the TOU consumption and price elasticities of customers who chose TOU rates with those who chose standard rates. We also estimate the impact of the TOU rates on the utility's revenues and costs. The analysis suggests that the TOU rates offered under PG & E's experiment decreased PG & E's profits and hence contributed to higher general rate levels. The model can be used, however, to design optional TOU rates that increase profits and lower general rate levels.
Download or read book Learning from the Implementation of Residential Optional Time of Use Pricing in the U S Electricity Industry written by Xibao Li and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Residential time-of-use (TOU) rates have been in practice in the U.S. since the 1970s. However, for institutional, political, and regulatory reasons, only a very small proportion of residential customers are actually on these schedules. In this thesis, I explore why this is the case by empirically investigating two groups of questions. (1) On the "supply" side: Do utilities choose to offer TOU rates in residential sectors on their own initiative if state commissions do not order them to do so? Since utilities have other options, what is the relationship between the TOU rate and other alternatives? To answer these questions, I survey residential tariffs offered by more than 100 major investor-owned utilities, study the impact of various factors on utilities' rate-making behavior, and examine utility revealed preferences among four rate options: seasonal rates, inverted block rates, demand charges, and TOU rates. Estimated results suggest that the scale of residential sectors and the revenue contribution from residential sectors are the only two significant factors that influence utility decisions on offering TOU rates. Technical and economic considerations are not significant statistically. This implies that the little acceptance of TOU rates is partly attributed to utilities' inadequate attention to TOU rate design. (2) On the "demand" side: For utilities offering TOU tariffs, why do only a very small proportion of residential customers choose these tariffs? What factors influence customer choices? Unlike previous studies that used individual-level experimental data, this research employs actual aggregated information from 29 utilities offering optional TOU rates. By incorporating neo-classical demand analysis into an aggregated random coefficient logit model, I investigate the impact of both price and non-price tariff characteristics and non-tariff factors on customer choice behavior. The analysis indicates that customer pure tariff preference (which captures the effect of all unincluded factors) is a crucial obstacle to the public acceptance of TOU tariffs. Besides rate levels, non-price tariff characteristics and non-tariff factors are also important in influencing customer choice. It is observed that high income home owners have very different preferences than others.
Download or read book Learning from the implementation of residential optional time of use pricing in the United States electricity industry written by Xibao Li and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optional Time of use Prices for Electricity written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine customers' time-of-use (TOU) demand for electricity and their choice between standard and TOU rate schedules. We specify an econometric model in which the customer's demand curves determine the customer's choice of rate schedule. We estimate the model on data from Pacific Gas Electric Company's experiment with optional TOU prices in the residential sector. With the model, we compare the TOU consumption and price elasticities of customers who chose TOU rates with those who chose standard rates. We also estimate the impact of the TOU rates on the utility's revenues and costs. The analysis suggests that the TOU rates offered under PG E's experiment decreased PG E's profits and hence contributed to higher general rate levels. The model can be used, however, to design optional TOU rates that increase profits and lower general rate levels.
Download or read book Optional Time of use Prices for Electricity written by Kenneth Train and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Time of day Electricity Rates for the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spot Pricing of Electricity written by Fred C. Schweppe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a need for fundamental changes in the ways society views electric energy. Electric energy must be treated as a commodity which can be bought, sold, and traded, taking into account its time-and space-varying values and costs. This book presents a complete framework for the establishment of such an energy marketplace. The framework is based on the use of spot prices. In general terms: o An hourly spot price (in dollars per kilowatt hour) reflects the operating and capital costs of generating, transmitting and distributing electric energy. It varies each hour and from place to place. o The spot price based energy marketplace involves a variety of utility-customer transactions (ranging from hourly varying prices to long-term, multiple-year contracts), all of which are based in a consistent manner on hourly spot prices. These transactions may include customers selling to, as well as buying from, the utility. The basic theory and practical implementation issues associated with a spot price based energy marketplace have been developed and discussed through a number of different reports, theses, and papers. Each addresses only a part of the total picture, and often with a somewhat different notation and terminology (which has evolved in parallel with our growing experience). This book was xvii xviii Preface written to serve as a single, integrated sourcebook on the theory and imple mentation of a spot price based energy marketplace.
Download or read book Energy Assistance Programs and Pricing Policies in the 50 States to Benefit Elderly Disabled Or Low income Households written by Cleveland State University. Institute of Urban Studies and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Orders of the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin written by Public Service Commission of Wisconsin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Time of use Electricity Price Effects written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under time-of-use rates, higher prices are charged for electricity used during those parts of the day when demand and system costs are higher, with lower charges when demand and system costs are lower. In the Arizona project, 140 voluntary households were placed on one of 28 time-of-use electricity rates between May and October 1976. These volunteers were divided into three groups distinguished by the length of the peak-rating period (3, 5, and 8 hours). A comparative analysis of 1975 and 1976 for Group I customers fairly convincingly showed that, as a group, the experimental participants reduced their electricity consumption during the three-hour peak-rating period by 7 to 16%. To a lesser extent, experimental households reduced consumption during the intermediate period and shifted some consumption to the base period. Total consumption appears to have decreased slightly. A regression analysis of data from all three groups failed to demonstrate significant elasticities (degree of responsiveness to price) for peak, intermediate, or base prices among test customers; in other words, there were no detectable price-related differences between the consumption patterns of different households that faced alternative time-of-use electricity prices. The results of the analysis are limited by the experimental and rate designs and are strictly applicable only to portions of the residential populations of Phoenix and Yuma.
Download or read book FERC as a Least cost Electric Regulator written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy Conservation and Power and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Time of use Electricity Price Effects written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under time-of-use rates, higher prices are charged for electricity used during those parts of the day when demand and system costs are higher, with lower charges when demand and system costs are lower. In the Ohio project, 160 customers of the Dayton Power and Light Co. (100 on a seasonal time-of-use electricity rate and 60 on the control rate) became part of an 18-month study from 6/76 through 11/77. The experimental rate schedule used two rating periods during weekdays and a single rating on weekends and holidays. Electricity-consumption patterns of customers on the TOU rate and a control group on the existing (declining block) rate showed that customers on the TOU rate used less electricity than the control group during the six-hour period of peak prices and used correspondingly more electricity during the base period of low prices. As a result of these offsetting effects, overall consumption was unaffected. Tests of hypotheses showed the peak-period decreases (ranging from 21 to 38% on a monthly basis) to be statistically significant. On the other hand, the base-period increases were not significant (at the 5% level) because of much larger customer-to-customer variation in base period usage. Other significant findings were that the diversified demand of the residential class at the time of system peak was, in the two months examined (August and September 1976), significantly lower for the experimental group. The residential class load factor based on that diversified demand was significantly higher for the experimental group during August. At the time of system peak, diversified demand was lower by 29 to 40% and the associated load factor was 135 to 161% of that under the control rate.
Download or read book Handbook on Electricity Markets written by Glachant, Jean-Michel and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With twenty-two chapters written by leading international experts, this volume represents the most detailed and comprehensive Handbook on electricity markets ever published.
Download or read book Time of Day Rates for Residential and Larger Commercial and Industrial Customers written by Jan Paul Acton and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Electric Rate Book written by United States. Energy Information Administration. Office of Energy Data and Interpretation and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy and the elderly written by United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Aging. Subcommittee on Housing and Consumer Interests and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reliability of Service and Optional Pricing of Electricity written by Derek J. McKay and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
