Download or read book Optimization of Water Chemistry to Ensure Reliable Water Reactor Fuel Performance at High Burnup and in Ageing Plant FUWAC written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of the Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on Optimization of Water Chemistry to Ensure Reliable Water Reactor Fuel Performance at High Burnup and in Ageing Plants (FUWAC, 2006-2009). It provides an overview of the results of the investigations into the current state of water chemistry practice and concerns in the primary circuit of water cooled power reactors including: corrosion of primary circuit materials; deposit composition and thickness on the fuel; crud induced power shift; fuel oxide growth and thickness; radioactivity buildup in the reactor coolant system (RCS).
Download or read book Optimization of Water Chemistry to Ensure Reliable Water Reactor Fuel Performance at High Burnup and in Ageing Plant FUWAC written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This publication provides the results of a coordinated research project considering best practice and improvements that can be made to the primary water chemistry of nuclear power plants. Corrosion of fuel cladding and primary circuit materials are discussed and experiments investigating how water chemistry can alleviate these concerns are described. Deposition of corrosion products on primary circuit surfaces and their effects on crud induced power shifts (CIPS) and radiation doses are examined and potential alleviation methods are considered."--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Quality and Reliability Aspects in Nuclear Power Reactor Fuel Engineering written by IAEA and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2024-02-20 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improved fuel reliability means reduced fuel failures in reactor operation. Fuel failures, with their consequent adverse impact on the environment and requirements for additional waste management, result in costs for remediation, 'failed core' operation and maintenance. Therefore, poor performance of fuel can lead to uncompetitive operational conditions for a nuclear power plant. A revision of the earlier edition, this publication has been significantly extended to support nuclear fuel designers, manufacturers, reactor operators, and fuel engineers and managers on fuel design and design changes, fuel manufacturing, qualification, in-reactor operation, and on-site services to achieve excellence in fuel reliability and performance and safe operation of nuclear fuel under all applicable plant states.
Download or read book Reliability of Advanced High Power Extended Burnup Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor Fuels written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2019-05-22 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents a comprehensive summary of the technical work carried out under an IAEA coordinated research project (CRP) and provides an overview of Member States' approaches to mitigate challenges that are encountered in achieving reliability, sustainability and safety with advanced pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) fuels. These challenges, which were discussed and analyzed by the CRP participants, include fuel performance degradation, insufficient availability of operating experience at high burnup and margin erosion by ageing.
Download or read book Design Strategies for Optimizing High Burnup Fuel in Pressurized Water Reactors written by Zhiwen Xu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is focused on the strategy for utilizing high-burnup fuel in pressurized water reactors (PWR) with special emphasis on the full array of neutronic considerations. The historical increase in batch-averaged discharge fuel burnup, from ~30 MWd/kg in the 1970s to ~50 MWd/kg today, was achieved mainly by increasing the reload fuel enrichment to allow longer fuel cycles: from an average of 12 months to about 18 months. This also reduced operating costs by improving the plant capacity factor. Recently, because of limited spent fuel storage capacity, increased core power output and the search for increased proliferation resistance, achieving burnup in the 70 to 100 MWd/kg range has attracted considerable attention. However the implications of this initiative have not been fully explored; hence this work defines the practical issues for high-burnup PWR fuels based on neutronic, thermal hydraulic and economic considerations as well as spent fuel characteristics. In order to evaluate the various high burnup fuel design options, an improved MCNP-ORIGEN depletion program called MCODE was developed. A standard burnup predictor-corrector algorithm is implemented, which distinguishes MCODE from other MCNP-ORIGEN linkage codes. Using MCODE, the effect of lattice design (moderation effect) on core design and spent fuel characteristics is explored. Characterized by the hydrogen-to-heavy-metal ratio (H/HM), the neutron spectrum effect in UO2/H2O lattices is investigated for a wide range of moderation, from fast spectra to over-thermalized spectra. It is shown that either wetter or very dry lattices are preferable in terms of achievable burnup potential to those having an epithermal spectrum. Wet lattices are the preferred high burnup approach due to improved proliferation resistance. The constraint of negative moderator temperature coefficient (MTC) requires that H/HM values (now at 3.4) remain below ~6.0 for PWR lattices. Alternative fuel choices, including the conventional solid pellets, central-voided annular pellets, Internally- & eXternally-cooled Annular Fuel (IXAF), and different fuel forms are analyzed to achieve a wetter lattice. Although a wetter lattice has higher burnup potential than the reference PWR lattice, the requirement of a fixed target cycle energy production necessitates higher initial fuel enrichments to compensate for the loss of fuel mass in a wetter lattice. Practical issues and constraints for the high burnup fuel include neutronic reactivity control, heat transfer margin, and fission gas release. Overall the IXAF design appears to be the most promising approach to realization of high burnup fuel. High-burnup spent fuel characteristics are compared to the reference spent fuel of 33 MWd/kg, representative of most of the spent fuel inventory. Although an increase of decay power and radioactivity per unit mass of initial heavy metal is immediately observed, the heat load (integration of decay power over time) per unit electricity generation decreases as the fuel discharge burnup increases. The magnitude of changes depends on the time after discharge. For the same electricity production, not only the mass and volume of the spent fuel are reduced, but also, to a lesser extent, the total heat load of the spent fuel. Since the heat load in the first several hundred years roughly determines the capital cost of the repository, a high burnup strategy coupled with adequate cooling time, may provide a cost-reduction approach to the repository. High burnup is beneficial to enhancing the proliferation resistance. The plutonium vector in the high-burnup spent fuel is degraded, hence less attractive for weapons. For example, the ratio of Pu-238 to Pu-239 increases with burnup to the 2.5 power. However, the economic benefits are uncertain. Under the current economic conditions, the PWR fuel burnup appears to have a shallow optimum discharge burnup between 50 and 80 MWd/kg. The actual minimum is influenced by the financing costs as well as the cost of refueling shutdowns. Since the fuel cycle back-end benefits will accrue to the federal government, the current economic framework, such as the waste fee based on the electricity produced rather than volume or actinide content, does not create an incentive for utilities to increase burnup. Different schemes exist for fuel management of high burnup PWR cores. For the conventional core design, a generalized enrichment-burnup correlation (applicable between 3 w/o and 20 w/o) was produced based on CASMO/SIMULATE PWR core calculations. Among retrofit cores, increasing the number of fuel batches is preferred over increasing the cycle length due to nuclear fuel cycle economic imperatives. For future core designs, a higher power-density core is a very attractive option to cut down the busbar cost. The IXAF concept possesses key design characteristics that provide the necessary thermal margins at high core power densities. In this regard, the IXAF fuel deserves further investigation to fully exploit its high burnup capability.
Download or read book Fuel Performance at High Burnup for Water Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuel Performance at High Burnup for Water Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extended Burnup Fuel Cycle Optimization for Pressurized Water Reactors written by Alfred Lee-Bin Ho and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reliability of Advanced High Power Extended Burnup Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor Fuels written by IAEA. and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Chemistry of Nuclear Reactor Systems 8 written by and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 2000 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book consists of two volumes: Volume 1 contains papers presented at the conference, while Volume 2: late papers and discussion.
Download or read book Water Reactor Fuel Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pressurized Water Reactor Fuel Management Optimization written by Lance Neville Otis and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optimization Study for Large Pressurized Water Reactor Cores written by L. E. Strawbridge and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Chemistry of Nuclear Reactor Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Power Ramping Performance of Water Reactor Fuel written by A. S. Bain and published by Chalk River, Ont. : Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories, Fuel Engineering Branch. This book was released on 1979 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Power Plant Water Chemistry written by Brad Buecker and published by PennWell Books. This book was released on 1997 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical handbook for utility personnel and independent power producers provides detailed discussion and examples of solutions to water chemistry problems in power plant boilers. Plant efficiency and profitability depend on avoiding such problems as pH extremes, oxygen scavenging, corrosion, scale, and contamination. Formulas and calculations are provided for each area of concern.
Download or read book High Temperature On Line Monitoring of Water Chemistry and Corrosion Control in Water Cooled Power Reactors written by IAEA and published by . This book was released on 2002-06-30 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
