Download or read book Optimization of Geological Environments for Carbon Dioxide Disposal in Saline Aquifers in the United States Part Two written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second part of several parts of a collection of reports on this topic.

Download or read book Optimization of Geological Environments for Carbon Dioxide Disposal in Saline Aquifers in the United States Part Four written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimization of Geological Environments for Carbon Dioxide Disposal in Saline Aquifers in the United States Part One written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimization of Geological Enviornments for Carbon Dioxide Disposal in Saline Aquifers in the United States Part Three written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the third part of several parts of a collection of reports on this topic.

Download or read book Anweisung f r diejenigen Personen welche pflichtm ig oder freiwillig bei Feuersgefahr die Rettung der in den Herzoglichen wissenschaftlichen und Kunst Sammlungen enthaltenen Gegenst nde bewirken written by and published by . This book was released on 1837 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimization of Capillary Trapping of CO2 Sequestration in Saline Aquifers written by Elizabeth Joy Harper and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological carbon sequestration, as a method of atmospheric greenhouse gas reduction, is at the technological forefront of the climate change movement. During sequestration, carbon dioxide (CO2) gas effluent is captured from coal fired power plants and is injected into a storage saline aquifer or depleted oil reservoir. In an effort to fully understand and optimize CO2 trapping efficiency, the capillary trapping mechanisms that immobilize subsurface CO2 were analyzed at the pore-scale. Pairs of proxy fluids representing the range of in situ supercritical CO2 and brine conditions were used during experimentation. The two fluids (identified as wetting and non-wetting) were imbibed and drained from a flow cell apparatus containing a sintered glass bead column. Experimental and fluid parameters, such as interfacial tension, fluid viscosities and flow rate, were altered to characterize their relative impact on capillary trapping. Computed x-ray microtomography (CMT) was used to identify immobilized CO2 (non-wetting fluid) volumes after imbibition and drainage events. CMT analyzed data suggests that capillary behavior in glass bead systems do not follow the same trends as in consolidated natural material systems. An analysis of the disconnected phases in both the initial and final flood events indicate that the final (residual) amount of trapped non-wetting phase has a strong linear dependence on the original amount of non-wetting phase (after primary imbibition), which corresponds to the amount of gas or oil present in the formation prior to CO2 injection. More importantly, the residual trapped gas was also observed to increase with increasing non-wetting fluid phase viscosity. This suggests that CO2 sequestration can be optimized in two ways: through characterization of the trapped fluid present in the formation prior to injection and through alterations to the viscosity of supercritical CO2.

Download or read book Geologic Carbon Sequestration written by V. Vishal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exclusive compilation written by eminent experts from more than ten countries, outlines the processes and methods for geologic sequestration in different sinks. It discusses and highlights the details of individual storage types, including recent advances in the science and technology of carbon storage. The topic is of immense interest to geoscientists, reservoir engineers, environmentalists and researchers from the scientific and industrial communities working on the methodologies for carbon dioxide storage. Increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are often held responsible for the rising temperature of the globe. Geologic sequestration prevents atmospheric release of the waste greenhouse gases by storing them underground for geologically significant periods of time. The book addresses the need for an understanding of carbon reservoir characteristics and behavior. Other book volumes on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) attempt to cover the entire process of CCUS, but the topic of geologic sequestration is not discussed in detail. This book focuses on the recent trends and up-to-date information on different storage rock types, ranging from deep saline aquifers to coal to basaltic formations.

Download or read book R051 Preliminary assessment of the potential for carbon dioxide disposal by sequestration in geological settings in Nevada written by and published by NV Bureau of Mines & Geology. This book was released on with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Geological Media written by Matthias Grobe and published by AAPG. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 20 years, the concept of storing or permanently storing carbon dioxide in geological media has gained increasing attention as part of the important technology option of carbon capture and storage within a portfolio of options aimed at reducing anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases to the earths atmosphere. This book is structured into eight parts, and, among other topics, provides an overview of the current status and challenges of the science, regional assessment studies of carbon dioxide geological sequestration potential, and a discussion of the economics and regulatory aspects of carbon dioxide sequestration.

Download or read book System Design and Optimization of CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers written by Hossein Shamshiri and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimization of waterflooding sweep efficiency has been widely applied in reservoir engineering to improve hydrocarbon recovery while delaying water breakthrough and minimizing the bypassed oil in reservoirs. We develop a new framework to optimize flooding sweep efficiency in geologic formations with heterogeneous properties and demonstrate its application to waterflooding and geological CO2 sequestration problems. The new method focuses on equalizing and delaying (under constant total injected volume) the breakthrough time of the injected fluid at production wells. For application to CO2 sequestration where producers may not be present, we introduce the concept of pseudo production wells that have insignificant production rates (with negligible effect on the overall flow regime) for quantification of hypothetical breakthrough curves that can be used for optimization purpose. We apply the new method to waterflooding and CO2 sequestration optimization using two heterogeneous reservoir models. We show that in water flooding experiments, the proposed method improves the sweep efficiency by delaying the field breakthrough and equalizing breakthrough times in all production wells. In this case, the optimization results in increased oil recovery and decreased water production. We apply a modified version of the proposed algorithm to geologic CO2 sequestration problems to maximize the storage capacity of aquifers by enhancing the residual and dissolution trapping. The results from applying the proposed approach to optimization of geologic CO2 storage problems illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in improving residual and solubility trapping by increasing the contact between available fresh brine and the injected CO2 plume through a more uniform distribution of CO2 in the aquifer.

Download or read book Numerical Simulation and Optimization of CO2 Sequestration in Saline Aquifers written by Zheming Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With heightened concerns on CO2 emissions from pulverized-coal power plants, there has been major emphasis in recent years on the development of safe and economical Geological Carbon Sequestration (GCS) technology. Although among one of the most promising technologies to address the problem of anthropogenic global-warming due to CO2 emissions, the detailed mechanisms of GCS are not well-understood. As a result, there remain many uncertainties in determining the sequestration capacity of the formation/reservoir and the safety of sequestered CO2 due to leakage. These uncertainties arise due to lack of information about the detailed interior geometry of the formation and the heterogeneity in its geological properties such as permeability and porosity which influence the sequestration capacity and plume migration. Furthermore, the sequestration efficiency is highly dependent on the injection strategy which includes injection rate, injection pressure, type of injection well employed and its orientation etc. The goal of GCS is to maximize the sequestration capacity and minimize the plume migration by optimizing the GCS operation before proceeding with its large scale deployment. In this dissertation, numerical simulations of GCS are conducted using the DOE multi-phase flow solver TOUGH2 (Transport of Unsaturated Groundwater and Heat). A multi-objective optimization code based on genetic algorithm is developed to optimize the GCS operation for a given geological formation. Most of the studies are conducted for sequestration in a saline formation (aquifer). First, large scale GCS studies are conducted for three identified saline formations for which some experimental data and computations performed by other investigators are available, namely the Mt. Simon formation in Illinois basin, Frio formation in southwest Texas, and the Utsira formation off the coast of Norway. These simulation studies have provided important insights as to the key sources of uncertainties that can influence the accuracy in simulations. For optimization of GCS practice, a genetic algorithm (GA) based optimizer has been developed and combined with TOUGH2. Designated as GA-TOUGH2, this combined solver/optimizer has been validated by performing optimization studies on a number of model problems and comparing the results with brute force optimization which requires large number of simulations. Using GA-TOUGH2, an innovative reservoir engineering technique known as water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection is investigated in the context of GCS; GA-TOUGH2 is applied to determine the optimal WAG operation for enhanced CO2 sequestration capacity. GA-TOUGH2 is also used to perform optimization designs of time-dependent injection rate for optimal injection pressure management, and optimization designs of well distribution for minimum well interference. Results obtained from these optimization designs suggest that over 20% reduction of in situ CO2 footprint, greatly enhanced CO2 dissolution, and significantly improved well injectivity can be achieved by employing GA-TOUGH2. GA-TOUGH2 has also been employed to determine the optimal well placement in a multi-well injection operation. GA-TOUGH2 appears to hold great promise in studying a host of other optimization problems related to GCS.

Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.

Download or read book Optimization of Multiple Wells in Carbon Sequestration written by Swathi Gangadharan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Injection of CO2 in saline aquifers is considered as one of the best strategies for the reduction of greenhouse gases. In order to select a potential saline aquifer storage site for carbon sequestration, many parameters are considered such as relative permeability, thickness, compressibility, porosity, salinity and well interference. These are significant because they affect the CO2 storage capacity of the reservoir. The one of the most important criteria to be considered during sequestration is the pressure profile inside the reservoir as the sequestered CO2 increases the pressure within the saline formation over time. In order to maintain the integrity of the reservoir, the reservoir pressure is always maintained below the fracture pressure. Thus, modeling of pressure profile is essential as it controls the maximum amount of CO2 which can be into the reservoir. There are various analytical and numerical models to determine the bottom-hole pressure for CO2 injection. The main objective of my thesis is to examine and identify the analytical approaches in modeling of pressure profile during CO2 injection. It includes single injection as well as multiple wells injection scenarios. The second case is much more important from practical point of view and applicability of analytical tools should be validated. Two models of injection/production are considered: (i) Single-phase (brine production from a brine reservoir) and (ii) Two phase model (CO2 injection in a brine reservoir). In both cases, we analyzed the pressure build-up and discussed the results in comparison with numerical simulations. We also present a sensitivity analysis of the reservoir parameters on CO2 sequestration. The second part of the thesis focuses on finding ways to increase the CO2 injection capacity of saline aquifers by using the technique of multiple wells injection strategy. Numerous test cases will be presented to optimize the well placement and number of wells to get the maximum sequestration. The thesis will look upon the different ways to maintain the reservoir pressure below fracture pressure such as optimization of injection wells, varying the flow-rates of injection wells and by placement of relief wells to produce brine from the reservoir.

Download or read book The Role of Negative Emission Technologies in Addressing Our Climate Goals written by Jennifer Wilcox and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-04-20 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fluid Dynamics of Carbon Dioxide Disposal Into Saline Aquifers written by Julio Enrique García and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reactive Transport Modeling of Geologic CO2 Sequestration in Saline Aquifers written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, we address a series of fundamental questions regarding the processes and effectiveness of geologic CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers. We begin with the broadest: what is the ultimate fate of CO2 injected into these environments? Once injected, it is immediately subject to two sets of competing processes: migration processes and sequestration processes. In terms of migration, the CO2 moves by volumetric displacement of formation waters, with which it is largely immiscible; by gravity segregation, which causes the immiscible CO2 plume to rise owing to its relatively low density; and by viscous fingering, owing to its relatively low viscosity. In terms of sequestration, some fraction of the rising plume will dissolve into formation waters (solubility trapping); some fraction may react with formation minerals to precipitate carbonates (mineral trapping); and the remaining portion eventually reaches the cap rock, where it migrates up-dip, potentially accumulating in local topographic highs (structural trapping). Although this concept of competing migration/sequestration processes is intuitively obvious, identifying those sub-processes that dominate the competition is by no means straightforward. Hence, at present there are large uncertainties associated with the ultimate fate of injected CO2 (Figure 1). Principal among these: can a typical shale cap rock provide a secure seal? Because gravity segregation will always keep the immiscible CO2 plume moving towards the surface, caprock integrity is the single most important variable influencing isolation security. An extremely thick shale cap rock exists at Sleipner (several 100 m); here, however, we examine the performance of a 25-m-thick cap, which is more representative of the general case. Although the cap rock represents the final barrier to vertical CO2 migration, what is the effect of intra-aquifer permeability structure? Because this structure directs the path of all CO2 migration processes within the target formation, it will effectively determine the spatial extent of plume-aquifer interaction, and thereby exert a controlling influence on all sequestration processes. Here, we consider three common settings: a homogeneous saline aquifer, one with inter-bedded laterally continuous shales (continuum representation of microfractured shales), and one with inter-bedded laterally discontinuous shales (discrete representation of lateral facies changes). For each configuration, we examine the unique character of immiscible CO2 migration paths, describe the dependent location, timing, and extent of associated solubility and mineral trapping, and detail the relative partitioning of injected CO2 among the immiscible plume, formation waters, and carbonate precipitates. While intra-aquifer permeability structure establishes the spatial framework of plume-aquifer interaction, the effectiveness of solubility and mineral trapping within this setting is largely determined by compositional characteristics of the aquifer and (if present) its inter-bedded shales. Here, we focus on Sleipner, where the saline aquifer consists of unconsolidated impure quartz sand saturated with a seawater-like aqueous phase, and there is strong evidence of thin interbedded shales. Based on our modeling results for this environment, we infer the effect of varying fluid composition from dilute to saline to brine, and the effect of varying sand and shale mineralogy within relevant limits. In addition, we describe those compositional characteristics required to maximize solubility and mineral trapping for a given permeability configuration. We also address the fundamental yet infrequently posed question: what happens when CO2 injection is terminated? Hydrologic and geochemical evolution may be very different during the relatively brief ''prograde'' (active-injection) and subsequent long-term ''retrograde'' (postinjection) regimes of geologic sequestration. Most importantly, are prograde trapping mechanisms enhanced or reversed during the retrograde phase (which spans geologic time scales)? We will demonstrate that there are indeed significant differences between prograde and retrograde sequestration.

Download or read book Geological Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide written by Luigi Marini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-10-12 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contents of this monograph are two-scope. First, it intends to provide a synthetic but complete account of the thermodynamic and kinetic foundations on which the reaction path modeling of geological CO2 sequestration is based. In particular, a great effort is devoted to review the thermodynamic properties of CO2 and of the CO2-H2O system and the interactions in the aqueous solution, the thermodynamic stability of solid product phases (by means of several stability plots and activity plots), the volumes of carbonation reactions, and especially the kinetics of dissolution/precipitation reactions of silicates, oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates. Second, it intends to show the reader how reaction path modeling of geological CO2 sequestration is carried out. To this purpose the well-known high-quality EQ3/6 software package is used. Setting up of computer simulations and obtained results are described in detail and used EQ3/6 input files are given to guide the reader step-by-step from the beginning to the end of these exercises. Finally, some examples of reaction-path- and reaction-transport-modeling taken from the available literature are presented. The results of these simulations are of fundamental importance to evaluate the amounts of potentially sequestered CO2, and their evolution with time, as well as the time changes of all the other relevant geochemical parameters (e.g., amounts of solid reactants and products, composition of the aqueous phase, pH, redox potential, effects on aquifer porosity). In other words, in this way we are able to predict what occurs when CO2 is injected into a deep aquifer.* Provides applications for investigating and predicting geological carbon dioxide sequestration* Reviews the geochemical literature in the field* Discusses the importance of geochemists in the multidisciplinary study of geological carbon dioxide sequestration