Download or read book Optimization of Crime Control Resources in a Society written by Steven Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper looks at the economics of crime control through the Phillips-Votey Societal Cost Function model and mathematically proves that there is a socially optimal point at which society should be devoting resources towards the prevention of crime. This allows the society to minimize the social cost of crime given a theoretical cost constraint. This paper take the model further by conducting comparative analysis to determine the effect that changes in the functional form of crime generation, and crime prevention will have on society as represented in the model. This paper also looks at the counter intuitive effect that growth in per capita GDP has a negative effect on crime rates, as a follow up to recently published article in The Economist magazine. We will expand this to see if this pattern continues for other countries with high rates of poverty. It also explores the social economical causes of crime generation by looking at Steven Ralphael's paper The Effect of Unemployment on Crime and Richard Rosenfeld and Steven Messner paper The Social Sources of Homicide in Different Types of Societies adding a multinational dimension to Ralphael's paper. This paper expands the Messner and Ralphael model by not only reproducing the OLS regression but by also using a fractional logit regression to create a more robust model. This paper uses the fractional logit regression in order to get a better idea how social economic factors such as unemployment rates and monetary inequality may influence crime. This paper then looks at the largest portion of a state's expenditure of crime control, the use of prisons to see how effective they are in reforming prisoners and acting as a deterrent for future criminal behavior of this former prison population.
Download or read book The Economics of Crime Control written by Llad Phillips and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1981-11 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about how public funds and human resources can be allocated to optimize the control of crime in a modern democratic society. The authors build a model of crime generation, and control - through the imposition of sanctions - that provides insight into alternatives for social policy-makers. Econometric techniques are used to analyze policy issues such as: establishing control policies; determining monetary measures of the seriousness of crime; discerning community priorities for fighting crime; choosing between alternative drug-control programs; and extracting useful information from crime data. These techniques are also used to determine: the effect of economic opportunities for youth on crime rates; the influence of rising crime rates on police effectiveness; the cost of police effectiveness; and the possibility for deterring violence. Additional issues examined are: the effect of handgun control on homicide rates; the relative merits of jail and probation; the rate of police manpower growth needed to keep pace with crime rates; and the necessary data needed for planning an optimum level of public safety. The analysis starts with single-equation estimations and builds to system and multi-equation models. The statistical results are based on several data sets with the earlier studies using time series from the 1950's and 1960's. The estimation of the more complex model is based on cross-sectional data from the 1960 and 1970 census for the counties of California.
Download or read book Crime Control and Community written by Gordon Hughes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community-based crime control has become one of the principal policy responses to crime and disorder across western societies, and is regarded now as one of the keys to successful crime prevention and reduction. The aim of this book is to bring together findings from case studies of community-based crime control in England as a means of examining the prospects for this approach, its evolving relationship with criminal justice and social policies, and to assess the lessons internationally that can be drawn from this in the theory, research methods, politics and practice of crime control. At the same time the book advances an important new conceptual framework for understanding community-based crime control, focusing on an understanding of the diversity of control and preventative strategies, the locally particular conditions in which they are conducted, and the degree of choices open to local political actors involved in their conduct. Understanding diversity in this way is central to drawing lessons about the transferability of crime control theory and practice from one social context to another, avoiding the naïve emulation of practices in different contexts.
Download or read book The Culture of Control Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society written by David Garland and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2001-03-29 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Culture of Control charts the dramatic changes in crime control and criminal justice that have occurred in Britain and America over the last 25 years. It explains these transformations by showing how the social organization of late modern society has prompted a series of political and cultural adaptations that alter how governments and citizens think and act in relation to crime. The book presents an original and in-depth analysis of contemporary crime control, revealing its underlying logics and rationalities, and identifying the social relations and cultural sensibilities that have produced this new culture of control.
Download or read book Smarter Crime Control written by Irvin Waller and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. is the world´s biggest jailor and one of the most affluent murderous countries, and yet its citizens pay more taxes to sustain law and order than their European counterparts. Yet, the U.S. has the most data in the world on the use of incarceration and its failure. Its researchers have identified more projects able to prevent violence than the rest of the world put together. Its legislators have access to pioneering data banks on cost effective ways to use taxes to reduce crime. We are left wondering why we cannot implement measures that we know will work, reduce crime, and cost less for law and order. Smarter Crime Control shows how to use recent knowledge and best practices to reduce the extraordinarily high rates of murder, traffic fatalities, drug overdoses, and incarceration, while avoiding the high taxes paid by families for policing and prisons. Providing detailed examples, Irvin Waller offers specific actions our leaders at all levels can take to reduce violence and lower costs to taxpayers. He focuses on how to retool policing and improve corrections to reduce reoffending and crime, while limiting criminal courts. He also shows how programs and investments in various strategies can help those youth on the path to chronic offending avoid the path all together. Waller shows how to get smart on crime to shift the criminal justice paradigm from the failing, outdated, racially biased, and exorbitant complex today to an effective, modern, fair and lean system for safer communities that spares so many victims from the loss and pain of preventable violence. He makes a compelling case for reinvesting what is currently misspent on reacting to crime into smart ways to prevent crime. Ultimately, he demonstrates to readers the importance of reevaluating our current system and putting into place proven strategies for crime and violence prevention that will keep people out of jail and make our streets and communities safer for everyone.
Download or read book Crime Control written by David John Farmer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of how to use police resources productively, par ticularly in this era of tight municipal budgets, is a major con cern for police chiefs and others responsible for crime control. In Crime Control: The Use and Misuse of Police Resources, David J. Farmer provides new insights into this question and sug gests a practical resource allocation approach for police poli cymakers and administrators. The book documents the results of current police resource allocation practices and describes the major research studies that have identified a need to restructure police field operations. It very usefully outlines the development and nature of allocation techniques and ana lyzes the political contexts which influence resource alloca,., tion. After describing planning at the neighborhood level that should inform the allocation process, the author provides a comprehensive "planning-budgeting-resources allocation" approach to managing a productive police department. This comprehensive approach is illustrated by an account of the Manpower Allocation Review System (MARS), which the author developed and introduced in the New York City Police Department in 1972 when I was commissioner. As I can vii FOREWORD viii attest, the MARS approach had practical utility. For the author, it served as a forerunner to the more elaborate system he describes in this book.
Download or read book Costs and Benefits of Preventing Crime written by Brandon Welsh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the cost savings from preventing a typical burglary, robbery, assault, or even a criminal career? Who benefits from these savings? How often do the benefits from preventing crime or criminal behavior exceed the resources spent on preventing or controlling crime? Is it more cost-effective to invest in early childhood programs or juvenile boot camps to reduce criminal offending? These are some of the important questions that face policymakers in crime and justice today. Answering them is no easy task. Nevertheless, it is important to provide answers in order to ensure that the dollars devoted to crime reduction are spent as efficiently as possible. The principle aim of Costs and Benefits of Preventing Crime is to report on and assess the present state of knowledge on the monetary costs and benefits of crime prevention programs. Remarkably, this crucial topic has rarely been studied up to the present time. This book examines key methodological issues, reports on the most up-to-date research findings, discusses international policy perspectives, and presents an agenda for future research and policy development on the economic analysis of crime prevention. Throughout, it addresses the important question of how governments should be allocating scarce resources to make crime prevention policy and practice more effective and to produce the greatest economic benefits to society. The book brings together research and perspectives from across North America, Europe, and Australia.
Download or read book Crime and Crime Control written by Gregg Barak and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2000-06-30 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are crime rates rising or falling around the world? Are specific types of crime more prevalent in some cultures than others? Do different cultures vary greatly in their attitudes toward crime prevention? Students will find answers to these and similar questions in this unique resource of 15 case studies exploring the problems of crime and crime control in different countries, ranging from Germany to Ghana, to around the world. Cross-cultural comparisons examine the history, the public perceptions, contemporary problems, and the future of crime and crime control in each country. The comparisons also provide readers with the opportunity to discover both the many differences and the many similarities that exist among the different cultures in their rates of crime, forms of prevention, and attitudes toward it. Each of the 15 chapters opens with a brief overview, which includes the type of government and the living environment of the country to introduce readers to the population. The countries were chosen to represent every region of the world and to provide as broad a picture as possible when exploring the issues presented by the problem of crime and different cultures' efforts to control it. The user-friendly format of the volume, with each chapter following the same outline, makes it easy for readers to compare specific aspects among the 15 cultures. These different views of the crime problem around the world and what it means to different people will help students to understand it in a broad sense as a social issue that affects all of humanity.
Download or read book Contesting Crime Science written by Ronald Kramer and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this eye-opening critique, Ronald Kramer and James C. Oleson interrogate the promises of crime science and target our misplaced faith in technology as the solution to criminality. This book deconstructs crime science's most prominent manifestations--biological, actuarial, security, and environmental sciences. Rather than holding the technological keys to crime's resolution, crime sciences inscribe criminality on particular bodies and constitute a primary resource for the conceptualizations of crime that many societies take for granted. Crime science may strive to reduce crime, but in doing so, it reproduces power asymmetries, creates profit motives, undermines important legal concepts, instantiates questionable practices, and forces open new vistas of deviant activity"--
Download or read book Global Perspectives on Crime Prevention and Community Resilience written by Diana Scharff Peterson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inspired by the dialogue between practitioners and academics of nearly thirty countries, this edited volume includes updated articles on global crime prevention initiatives and best practices in building community resilience presented at the International Police Executive Symposium’s (IPES) 25th annual meeting in Sofia, Bulgaria in 2014. A new book in the highly-regarded IPES Co-Publications series, Global Perspectives on Crime Prevention and Community Resilience offers strategies for crime and violence prevention and community initiatives for crime reduction, while promoting current best practices for police effectiveness, safety, and professionalism. The book includes eighteen chapters from police leaders, practitioners and academics around the world in efforts to demonstrate effective strategies for the prevention of crime and innovative techniques in assisting crime victims. In an increasingly global reality, this text gives voice to valuable members of the international policing community.
Download or read book Secure Foundations written by Scott Ballintyne and published by Institute for Public Policy Research. This book was released on 2000 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Securitized Societies written by Peter-Alexis Albrecht and published by BWV Verlag. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HauptbeschreibungThe path towards Securitized Societies reconstructs this paradigm shift by looking at penal law and the criminal justice system. Over a time span of 40 years, the development from a social-integrative penal law of the welfare state to the preventive state to the securitized society is followed from the perspective of a criminologist and professor of penal law. The novelty lies in the perspective of the participating observer who comments on the criminal justice system not from the lectern but who ventures into the system and reports from experience, whether at the very end of the process of law enforcement in discussions with prisoners with life-long sentences, at the beginning of the process by tracing police strategies of prevention, or in the area of criminal policy by participating in parliamentary expert commissions or legislative processes. In retrospect, the observed legal developments show an erosion of the rule-of-law state. The shift from the preventive state to the securitized society is imbedded in global processes of change which endanger the individual's freedom and dignity and which equally affect global society and national societies. The general feeling of insecurity and lack of orientation created by these processes for broad parts of the population can no longer be restrained with the methods of individualizing social controls of the traditional kind - penal law. This insecurity brings forth forms of control which eat away at the rule of law in a securitized society which, for its apparent protection, is prepared to give up its foundations in the rule of law in favor of an ostensible security. This phenomenon is not restricted to Germany, but the country serves as an example case study for global processes of legal erosion - with the background of the unilateral development of leadership.
Download or read book Crime Risk and Justice written by Kevin Stenson and published by Taylor & Francis US. This book was released on 2001 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars of criminal justice, criminology, law, and others fields convened in New York City in the spring of 1999 to look at the intersection between crime, a changing liberalism, and something related they called the risk society. In fact people wanted most to talk about crime and criminal justice agencies, so the 11 papers are weighed toward the political and social background to crime in the US and Britain after changes during Reagan and Thatcher were ironed in by Clinton and Blair. Distributed in the US by ISBS. c. Book News Inc.
Download or read book Evidence Based Crime Prevention written by David P. Farrington and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive - reviews 675 crime prevention programs across the world Employs the easy to understand 'scientific methods scale' to communicate data on what works and what does not to policy makers and practitioners as well as students and researchers Farrington is a big name on both sides of the Atlantic - has been president of American Society of Criminology and British Society of Criminology as well as European Association of Psychology and Law
Download or read book Controlling Crime written by Philip J. Cook and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-08-22 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Criminal justice expenditures have more than doubled since the 1980s, dramatically increasing costs to the public. With state and local revenue shortfalls resulting from the recent recession, the question of whether crime control can be accomplished either with fewer resources or by investing those resources in areas other than the criminal justice system is all the more relevant. Controlling Crime considers alternative ways to reduce crime that do not sacrifice public safety. Among the topics considered here are criminal justice system reform, social policy, and government policies affecting alcohol abuse, drugs, and private crime prevention. Particular attention is paid to the respective roles of both the private sector and government agencies. Through a broad conceptual framework and a careful review of the relevant literature, this volume provides insight into the important trends and patterns of some of the interventions that may be effective in reducing crime.
Download or read book Crime Prevention written by Steven P. Lab and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-05-26 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines several types of crime prevention approaches and their goals, including those that are designed to prevent conditions that foster deviance, those directed toward persons or conditions with a high potential for deviance, and those for persons who have already committed crimes. This edition provides research and information on all aspects of crime prevention, including the physical environment and crime, neighborhood crime prevention, the mass media and crime prevention, crime displacement and diffusion, prediction, community policing, drugs, schools, and electronic monitoring and home confinement. Key terms and learning objectives supplement each chapter. A glossary defines terms from the text.
Download or read book Travels Through Crime and Place written by William DeLeon-Granados and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An absorbing account of efforts across the nation to build communities and discourage crime.
